ชาวปาทาน (ปาทาน: پښتانه, paštanh) เป็นกลุ่มชนอิหร่านกลุ่มหนึ่งในภูมิภาคเอเชียกลางและเอเชียใต้ และเป็นกลุ่มชนที่ใหญ่ที่สุดในอัฟกานิสถาน โดยคิดเป็นร้อยละ 48 ของประชากรทั้งหมด
پښتانه | |
---|---|
ชายชาวปาทานในอัฟกานิสถานตอนใต้ | |
ประชากรทั้งหมด | |
ป. 60–70 ล้านคน | |
ภูมิภาคที่มีประชากรอย่างมีนัยสำคัญ | |
ปากีสถาน | 43,444,221 (2021) |
อัฟกานิสถาน | 15,390,402 (2020) |
อินเดีย | 3,200,000 (2018) [ส่วนใหญ่ไม่พูดภาษาปาทาน] 21,677 (2011) [ผู้พูดภาษาปาทาน] |
สหรัฐอาหรับเอมิเรตส์ | 338,315 (2009) |
สหรัฐ | 138,554 (2010) |
อิหร่าน | 110,000 (1993) |
สหราชอาณาจักร | 100,000 (2009) |
เยอรมนี | 37,800 (2012) |
แคนาดา | 26,000 (2006) |
รัสเซีย | 9,800 (2002) |
ออสเตรเลีย | 8,154 (2006) |
มาเลเซีย | 6,000 (2008) |
ทาจิกิสถาน | 4,000 (1970) |
ฟินแลนด์ | 1,181 |
ภาษา | |
ภาษาปาทาน เพิ่มเติม: ภาษาดารี (ในประเทศอัฟกานิสถาน) และฮินดี–อูรดู (ในประเทศปากีสถานและอินเดีย) | |
ศาสนา | |
ส่วนใหญ่: อิสลาม (ส่วนใหญ่ซุนนี ส่วนน้อยชีอะฮ์) ส่วนน้อย: | |
กลุ่มชาติพันธุ์ที่เกี่ยวข้อง | |
กลุ่มชนอิหร่านอื่น ๆ |
การกระจายทางภูมิศาสตร์
ถิ่นกำเนิดดั้งเดิม
ประชากรชาวปาทานส่วนใหญ่พบในถิ่นกำเนิดดั้งเดิมของชาวปาทาน ซึ่งตั้งอยู่บริเวณทิศใต้ของแม่น้ำอามูดาร์ยา ซึ่งอยู่ภายในอัฟกานิสถาน และทิศตะวันตกของแม่น้ำสินธุในปากีสถาน ซึ่งรวมถึงแคว้นแคบาร์ปัคตูนควาและตอนเหนือของแคว้นบาโลชิสถาน
ในอัฟกานิสถาน
ในอัฟกานิสถาน ชาวปาทานคิดเป็นร้อยละ 48 ของประชากรทั้งหมด และเป็นประเทศที่มีชาวปาทานเป็นกลุ่มชนที่ใหญ่ที่สุดอีกด้วย
ในปากีสถาน
ในปากีสถาน ชาวปาทานเป็นกลุ่มชนที่ใหญ่ที่สุดเป็นอันดับสอง โดยคิดเป็นร้อยละ 15 ของประชากรทั้งหมด ประชากรส่วนใหญ่มักอาศัยอยู่ในเมืองเปศวาร์และเควตตา
อ้างอิง
- "South Asia :: Pakistan — The World Factbook - Central Intelligence Agency". cia.gov. สืบค้นเมื่อ 24 February 2019.
- Kiani, Khaleeq (28 May 2018). "CCI defers approval of census results until elections". Dawn. สืบค้นเมื่อ 26 May 2020.
On the national level, Pashto stood second with 18.24pc population reporting it as mother tongue...
- "CIA - The World Factbook -- Afghanistan". umsl.edu.
- Ali, Arshad (15 February 2018). "Khan Abdul Gaffar Khan's great granddaughter seeks citizenship for 'Phastoons' in India". . สืบค้นเมื่อ 21 February 2019.
Interacting with mediapersons on Wednesday, Yasmin, the president of All India Pakhtoon Jirga-e-Hind, said that there were 32 lakh Phastoons in the country who were living and working in India but were yet to get citizenship.
- "Frontier Gandhi's granddaughter urges Centre to grant citizenship to Pathans". . 16 February 2018. สืบค้นเมื่อ 28 May 2020.
- Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India. "LANGUAGE INDIA, STATES AND UNION TERRITORIES (Table C-16)" (PDF). Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India. สืบค้นเมื่อ 31 December 2018.
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: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list () - "United Arab Emirates: Demography" (PDF). Encyclopædia Britannica World Data. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. สืบค้นเมื่อ 15 March 2008.
- 42% of 200,000 = 84,000 and 15% of 363,699 = 54,554. Total Afghan and Pakistani Pashtuns in USA = 138,554.
- "Ethnologue report for Southern Pashto: Iran (1993)". SIL International. Ethnologue: Languages of the World. สืบค้นเมื่อ 5 May 2012.
- Maclean, William (10 June 2009). "Support for Taliban dives among British Pashtuns". Reuters. สืบค้นเมื่อ 6 August 2009.
- Relations between Afghanistan and Germany 16 มกราคม 2017 ที่ เวย์แบ็กแมชชีน: Germany is now home to almost 90,000 people of Afghan origin. 42% of 90,000 = 37,800
- . 2.statcan.ca. 2006. คลังข้อมูลเก่าเก็บจากแหล่งเดิมเมื่อ 2019-01-06. สืบค้นเมื่อ 17 April 2010.
- . perepis2002.ru (ภาษารัสเซีย). คลังข้อมูลเก่าเก็บจากแหล่งเดิมเมื่อ 2017-01-16. สืบค้นเมื่อ 2021-09-02.
- . 2006 Census. . คลังข้อมูลเก่าเก็บจากแหล่งเดิม (Microsoft Excel download)เมื่อ 2008-03-10. สืบค้นเมื่อ 2 June 2008. Total responses: 25,451,383 for total count of persons: 19,855,288.
- "Pashtuns in malaysia". Northern Pashtuns in Malaysia.
- "Väestö 31.12. muuttujina Maakunta, Kieli, Ikä, Sukupuoli, Vuosi ja Tiedot". Tilastokeskuksen PX-Web tietokannat.[]
- Williams, Victoria; Taylor, Ken (2017). Etiquette and Taboos around the World: A Geographic Encyclopedia of Social and cultural customs (ภาษาอังกฤษ). ABC CLIO. p. 231. ISBN .
- Nyrop, Richard F; Seekins, Donald M (1986). Afghanistan: A Country Study by United States Department of the Army (ภาษาอังกฤษ). United States Department of the Army, American University. p. 105.
- Ali, Tariq (2003). The clash of fundamentalisms: crusades, jihads and modernity. Verso. p. 20. ISBN . สืบค้นเมื่อ 20 April 2008.
The friends from Peshawar would speak of Hindu and Sikh Pashtuns who had migrated to India. In the tribal areas – the no man's land between Afghanistan and Pakistan – quite a few Hindus stayed on and were protected by the tribal codes. The same was true in Afghanistan itself (till the mujahidin and the Taliban arrived).
- Haider, Suhasini (3 February 2018). "Tattooed 'blue-skinned' Hindu Pushtuns look back at their roots". . สืบค้นเมื่อ 9 February 2020.
- Khan, Naimat (30 June 2020). "70 years on, one Pashtun town still safeguards its old Hindu-Muslim brotherhood". Arab News.
The meat-eating Hindu Pashtuns are a little known tribe in India even today, with a distinct culture carried forward from Afghanistan and Balochistan which includes blue tattoos on the faces of the women, traditional Pashtun dancing and clothes heavily adorned with coins and embroidery.
- Eusufzye, Khan Shehram (2018). "Two identities, twice the pride: The Pashtun Sikhs of Nankana Saheb". . สืบค้นเมื่อ 31 May 2020.
One can sense a diminutive yet charming cultural amalgamation in certain localities within the town with the settling of around 250 Pashtun Sikh families in the city.
Ruchi Kumar, The decline of Afghanistan's Hindu and Sikh communities, Al Jazeera, 2017-01-01, "the culture among Afghan Hindus is predominantly Pashtun"
Beena Sarwar, Finding lost heritage, Himal, 2016-08-03, "Singh also came across many non turban-wearing followers of Guru Nanak in Pakistan, all of Pashtun origin and from the Khyber area."
Sonia Dhami, Sikh Religious Heritage – My visit to Lehenda Punjab 2021-01-28 ที่ เวย์แบ็กแมชชีน, Indica News, 2020-01-05, "Nankana Sahib is also home to the largest Sikh Pashtun community, many of whom have migrated from the North West Frontier Provinces, renamed Khyber-Pakhtunwa."
Neha, Pak misusing Durand Line to facilitate terrorists, says Pashtun, Siasat Daily, 2019-09-20, "The members of the Pashtun and Afghan Sikh community living in Europe and UK have gathered in Geneva"
Sabrina Toppa, Despite border tensions, Indian Sikhs celebrate festival in Pakistan, TRT World, 2019-04-16, "Hasanabdal is home to around 200 Sikh families that have primarily moved from Pakistan’s Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province, including Pakistan’s former tribal areas. The majority are Pashtun Sikhs who abandoned their homes and took refuge near Sikhism’s historical sites." - "Afghanistan - The World Factbook". www.cia.gov. สืบค้นเมื่อ 2021-01-19.
- (PDF). คลังข้อมูลเก่าเก็บจากแหล่งเดิม (PDF)เมื่อ 2021-07-08. สืบค้นเมื่อ 2021-08-04.
- Nath, Samir (2002). Dictionary of Vedanta (ภาษาอังกฤษ). Sarup & Sons. ISBN .
- Caldwell, Dan (2011-02-17). Vortex of Conflict: U.S. Policy Toward Afghanistan, Pakistan, and Iraq (ภาษาอังกฤษ). Stanford University Press. ISBN .
- . The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency. คลังข้อมูลเก่าเก็บจากแหล่งเดิมเมื่อ 2020-05-24. สืบค้นเมื่อ 2013-12-24.
อ่านเพิ่ม
- Ahmad, Aisha and Boase, Roger. 2003. "Pashtun Tales from the Pakistan-Afghan Frontier: From the Pakistan-Afghan Frontier." Saqi Books (1 March 2003). ISBN .
- Ahmad, Jamil. 2012. "The Wandering Falcon." Riverhead Trade. ISBN . A loosely connected collection of short stories focused on life in the Pashtun tribal regions
- . 1976. "Millennium and Charisma among Pathans: A Critical Essay in Social Anthropology." London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.
- Ahmed, Akbar S. 1980. "Pukhtun economy and society." London: Routledge and Kegan Paul.
- Banuazizi, Ali and (eds.). 1994. "The Politics of Social Transformation in Afghanistan, Iran, and Pakistan (Contemporary Issues in the Middle East)." Syracuse University Press. ISBN .
- Banuazizi, Ali and Myron Weiner (eds.). 1988. "The State, Religion, and Ethnic Politics: Afghanistan, Iran, and Pakistan (Contemporary Issues in the Middle East)." Syracuse University Press. ISBN .
- Barth, Frederik (n.d.). "Pathan Identity and its Maintenance" (PDF). National Chengchi University. สืบค้นเมื่อ 17 August 2021.
- . 1984. The Pathans: 500 B.C.-A.D. 1957 (Oxford in Asia Historical Reprints)." Oxford University Press. ISBN .
- . 1985. "Peshawar: Historic city of the Frontier." Sang-e-Meel Publications (1995). ISBN .
- Docherty, Paddy. The Khyber Pass: A History of Empire and Invasion: A History of Invasion and Empire. 2007. . ISBN . The Khyber Pass: A History of Empire and Invasion
- . 1997. "Afghanistan." Oxford University Press. ISBN .
- Elphinstone, Mountstuart. 1815. "An account of the Kingdom of Caubul and its dependencies in Persia, Tartary, and India: comprising a view of the Afghaun nation." Akadem. Druck- u. Verlagsanst (1969). online version.
- Goodson, Larry P. (2001). Afghanistan's Endless War:State Failure, Regional Politics, and the Rise of the Taliban. University of Washington Press. ISBN .
- . 2003. "Afghanistan: An Abridged History." Fenestra Books. ISBN .
- . 1984. "" Kodansha Globe; Reprint edition. ISBN .
- (1962; 2nd edition 1972). "The Way Of The Pathans." Oxford University Press. ISBN .
- Wardak, Ali "Jirga – A Traditional Mechanism of Conflict Resolution in Afghanistan" 7 ตุลาคม 2006 ที่ เวย์แบ็กแมชชีน, 2003, online at (the United Nations Online Network in Public Administration and Finance).
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chawpathan pathan پښتانه pastanh epnklumchnxihranklumhnunginphumiphakhexechiyklangaelaexechiyit aelaepnklumchnthiihythisudinxfkanisthan odykhidepnrxyla 48 khxngprachakrthnghmdpathan پښتانه Pex tane پښتانهchaychawpathaninxfkanisthantxnitprachakrthnghmdp 60 70 lankhnphumiphakhthimiprachakrxyangminysakhy pakisthan43 444 221 2021 xfkanisthan15 390 402 2020 xinediy3 200 000 2018 swnihyimphudphasapathan 21 677 2011 phuphudphasapathan shrthxahrbexmierts338 315 2009 shrth138 554 2010 xihran110 000 1993 shrachxanackr100 000 2009 eyxrmni37 800 2012 aekhnada26 000 2006 rsesiy9 800 2002 xxsetreliy8 154 2006 maelesiy6 000 2008 thacikisthan4 000 1970 finaelnd1 181phasaphasapathan ephimetim phasadari inpraethsxfkanisthan aelahindi xurdu inpraethspakisthanaelaxinediy sasnaswnihy xislam swnihysunni swnnxychixah swnnxy hindu sikkhklumchatiphnthuthiekiywkhxngklumchnxihranxun karkracaythangphumisastrthinkaeniddngedim prachakrchawpathanswnihyphbinthinkaeniddngedimkhxngchawpathan sungtngxyubriewnthisitkhxngaemnaxamudarya sungxyuphayinxfkanisthan aelathistawntkkhxngaemnasinthuinpakisthan sungrwmthungaekhwnaekhbarpkhtunkhwaaelatxnehnuxkhxngaekhwnbaolchisthan inxfkanisthan inxfkanisthan chawpathankhidepnrxyla 48 khxngprachakrthnghmd aelaepnpraethsthimichawpathanepnklumchnthiihythisudxikdwy inpakisthan inpakisthan chawpathanepnklumchnthiihythisudepnxndbsxng odykhidepnrxyla 15 khxngprachakrthnghmd prachakrswnihymkxasyxyuinemuxngepswaraelaekhwttaxangxing South Asia Pakistan The World Factbook Central Intelligence Agency cia gov subkhnemux 24 February 2019 Kiani Khaleeq 28 May 2018 CCI defers approval of census results until elections Dawn subkhnemux 26 May 2020 On the national level Pashto stood second with 18 24pc population reporting it as mother tongue CIA The World Factbook Afghanistan umsl edu Ali Arshad 15 February 2018 Khan Abdul Gaffar Khan s great granddaughter seeks citizenship for Phastoons in India subkhnemux 21 February 2019 Interacting with mediapersons on Wednesday Yasmin the president of All India Pakhtoon Jirga e Hind said that there were 32 lakh Phastoons in the country who were living and working in India but were yet to get citizenship Frontier Gandhi s granddaughter urges Centre to grant citizenship to Pathans 16 February 2018 subkhnemux 28 May 2020 Office of the Registrar General amp Census Commissioner India Ministry of Home Affairs Government of India LANGUAGE INDIA STATES AND UNION TERRITORIES Table C 16 PDF Office of the Registrar General amp Census Commissioner India Ministry of Home Affairs Government of India subkhnemux 31 December 2018 a href wiki E0 B9 81 E0 B8 A1 E0 B9 88 E0 B9 81 E0 B8 9A E0 B8 9A Cite web title aemaebb Cite web cite web a CS1 maint multiple names authors list lingk United Arab Emirates Demography PDF Encyclopaedia Britannica World Data Encyclopaedia Britannica Online subkhnemux 15 March 2008 42 of 200 000 84 000 and 15 of 363 699 54 554 Total Afghan and Pakistani Pashtuns in USA 138 554 Ethnologue report for Southern Pashto Iran 1993 SIL International Ethnologue Languages of the World subkhnemux 5 May 2012 Maclean William 10 June 2009 Support for Taliban dives among British Pashtuns Reuters subkhnemux 6 August 2009 Relations between Afghanistan and Germany 16 mkrakhm 2017 thi ewyaebkaemchchin Germany is now home to almost 90 000 people of Afghan origin 42 of 90 000 37 800 2 statcan ca 2006 khlngkhxmulekaekbcakaehlngedimemux 2019 01 06 subkhnemux 17 April 2010 perepis2002 ru phasarsesiy khlngkhxmulekaekbcakaehlngedimemux 2017 01 16 subkhnemux 2021 09 02 2006 Census khlngkhxmulekaekbcakaehlngedim Microsoft Excel download emux 2008 03 10 subkhnemux 2 June 2008 Total responses 25 451 383 for total count of persons 19 855 288 Pashtuns in malaysia Northern Pashtuns in Malaysia Vaesto 31 12 muuttujina Maakunta Kieli Ika Sukupuoli Vuosi ja Tiedot Tilastokeskuksen PX Web tietokannat lingkesiy Williams Victoria Taylor Ken 2017 Etiquette and Taboos around the World A Geographic Encyclopedia of Social and cultural customs phasaxngkvs ABC CLIO p 231 ISBN 978 1440838200 Nyrop Richard F Seekins Donald M 1986 Afghanistan A Country Study by United States Department of the Army phasaxngkvs United States Department of the Army American University p 105 Ali Tariq 2003 The clash of fundamentalisms crusades jihads and modernity Verso p 20 ISBN 978 1 85984 457 1 subkhnemux 20 April 2008 The friends from Peshawar would speak of Hindu and Sikh Pashtuns who had migrated to India In the tribal areas the no man s land between Afghanistan and Pakistan quite a few Hindus stayed on and were protected by the tribal codes The same was true in Afghanistan itself till the mujahidin and the Taliban arrived Haider Suhasini 3 February 2018 Tattooed blue skinned Hindu Pushtuns look back at their roots subkhnemux 9 February 2020 Khan Naimat 30 June 2020 70 years on one Pashtun town still safeguards its old Hindu Muslim brotherhood Arab News The meat eating Hindu Pashtuns are a little known tribe in India even today with a distinct culture carried forward from Afghanistan and Balochistan which includes blue tattoos on the faces of the women traditional Pashtun dancing and clothes heavily adorned with coins and embroidery Eusufzye Khan Shehram 2018 Two identities twice the pride The Pashtun Sikhs of Nankana Saheb subkhnemux 31 May 2020 One can sense a diminutive yet charming cultural amalgamation in certain localities within the town with the settling of around 250 Pashtun Sikh families in the city Ruchi Kumar The decline of Afghanistan s Hindu and Sikh communities Al Jazeera 2017 01 01 the culture among Afghan Hindus is predominantly Pashtun Beena Sarwar Finding lost heritage Himal 2016 08 03 Singh also came across many non turban wearing followers of Guru Nanak in Pakistan all of Pashtun origin and from the Khyber area Sonia Dhami Sikh Religious Heritage My visit to Lehenda Punjab 2021 01 28 thi ewyaebkaemchchin Indica News 2020 01 05 Nankana Sahib is also home to the largest Sikh Pashtun community many of whom have migrated from the North West Frontier Provinces renamed Khyber Pakhtunwa Neha Pak misusing Durand Line to facilitate terrorists says Pashtun Siasat Daily 2019 09 20 The members of the Pashtun and Afghan Sikh community living in Europe and UK have gathered in Geneva Sabrina Toppa Despite border tensions Indian Sikhs celebrate festival in Pakistan TRT World 2019 04 16 Hasanabdal is home to around 200 Sikh families that have primarily moved from Pakistan s Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province including Pakistan s former tribal areas The majority are Pashtun Sikhs who abandoned their homes and took refuge near Sikhism s historical sites Afghanistan The World Factbook www cia gov subkhnemux 2021 01 19 PDF khlngkhxmulekaekbcakaehlngedim PDF emux 2021 07 08 subkhnemux 2021 08 04 Nath Samir 2002 Dictionary of Vedanta phasaxngkvs Sarup amp Sons ISBN 978 81 7890 056 8 Caldwell Dan 2011 02 17 Vortex of Conflict U S Policy Toward Afghanistan Pakistan and Iraq phasaxngkvs Stanford University Press ISBN 978 0 8047 7666 0 The World Factbook Central Intelligence Agency khlngkhxmulekaekbcakaehlngedimemux 2020 05 24 subkhnemux 2013 12 24 xanephimAhmad Aisha and Boase Roger 2003 Pashtun Tales from the Pakistan Afghan Frontier From the Pakistan Afghan Frontier Saqi Books 1 March 2003 ISBN 0 86356 438 0 Ahmad Jamil 2012 The Wandering Falcon Riverhead Trade ISBN 978 1 59448 616 6 A loosely connected collection of short stories focused on life in the Pashtun tribal regions 1976 Millennium and Charisma among Pathans A Critical Essay in Social Anthropology London Routledge amp Kegan Paul Ahmed Akbar S 1980 Pukhtun economy and society London Routledge and Kegan Paul Banuazizi Ali and eds 1994 The Politics of Social Transformation in Afghanistan Iran and Pakistan Contemporary Issues in the Middle East Syracuse University Press ISBN 0 8156 2608 8 Banuazizi Ali and Myron Weiner eds 1988 The State Religion and Ethnic Politics Afghanistan Iran and Pakistan Contemporary Issues in the Middle East Syracuse University Press ISBN 0 8156 2448 4 Barth Frederik n d Pathan Identity and its Maintenance PDF National Chengchi University subkhnemux 17 August 2021 1984 The Pathans 500 B C A D 1957 Oxford in Asia Historical Reprints Oxford University Press ISBN 0 19 577221 0 1985 Peshawar Historic city of the Frontier Sang e Meel Publications 1995 ISBN 969 35 0554 9 Docherty Paddy The Khyber Pass A History of Empire and Invasion A History of Invasion and Empire 2007 ISBN 0 571 21977 2 The Khyber Pass A History of Empire and Invasion 1997 Afghanistan Oxford University Press ISBN 0 19 577634 8 Elphinstone Mountstuart 1815 An account of the Kingdom of Caubul and its dependencies in Persia Tartary and India comprising a view of the Afghaun nation Akadem Druck u Verlagsanst 1969 online version Goodson Larry P 2001 Afghanistan s Endless War State Failure Regional Politics and the Rise of the Taliban University of Washington Press ISBN 978 0 295 98111 6 2003 Afghanistan An Abridged History Fenestra Books ISBN 1 58736 169 8 1984 Kodansha Globe Reprint edition ISBN 1 56836 022 3 1962 2nd edition 1972 The Way Of The Pathans Oxford University Press ISBN 978 0 19 636099 7 Wardak Ali Jirga A Traditional Mechanism of Conflict Resolution in Afghanistan 7 tulakhm 2006 thi ewyaebkaemchchin 2003 online at the United Nations Online Network in Public Administration and Finance aehlngkhxmulxunwikimiediykhxmmxnsmisuxthiekiywkhxngkb chawpathan wikisxrs mibthkhwamcak ekiywkb chawpathan