มัสยิดอัลอักศอ (อาหรับ: المسجد الاقصى) เรียกอย่างถูกต้องว่า ญามิอุลอักศอ (อาหรับ: جامع الأقصى) มีอีกชื่อว่า มัสยิดกิบลี หรือ มุศ็อลลากิบลี (อาหรับ: المصلى القبلي, อักษรโรมัน: al-muṣallā al-qiblī, แปลตรงตัว 'หอละหมาดกิบลัต (ใต้)') เป็นหรือในย่านของเยรูซาเลม บางข้อมูลให้ชื่ออาคารนี้ว่า มัสยิดอัลอักศอ แต่ชื่อนี้เป็นที่โต้แย้ง เนื่องจากสามารถใช้กับพื้นที่ทั้งหมดที่เป็นที่ตั้งของอาคารได้ พื้นที่ที่กว้างกว่ามีอีกชื่อว่า ฮะรอมุชชะรีฟ ประกอบด้วยพื้นที่มัสยิดอัลอักศอและเนินพระวิหาร
มัสยิดอัลอักศอ | |
---|---|
جامع الأقصى المصلى القبلي المسجد الاقصى (พิพาท) | |
ศาสนา | |
ศาสนา | อิสลาม |
หน่วยงานกำกับดูแล | () |
ที่ตั้ง | |
ที่ตั้ง | เนินพระวิหาร (เยรูซาเลมตะวันออก) |
ที่ตั้งใน | |
ผู้บริหาร | |
พิกัดภูมิศาสตร์ | 31°46′34″N 35°14′09″E / 31.77617°N 35.23583°E |
สถาปัตยกรรม | |
ประเภท | มัสยิด |
รูปแบบ | อิสลามตอนต้น |
เริ่มก่อตั้ง | คริสต์ศตวรรษที่ 7–8 |
ลักษณะจำเพาะ | |
ทิศทางด้านหน้า | เหนือ–ตะวันตกเฉียงเหนือ |
ความจุ | มากกว่า 5,000 คน |
วัสดุ | หินปูน (กำแพงส่วนนอก, ด้านหน้าอาคาร), ตะกั่วและคอนกรีต (โดม), หินอ่อนสีขาว (เสาหินข้างใน) และโมเสก |
ในสมัยเคาะลีฟะฮ์ อุมัรแห่งรัฐเคาะลีฟะฮ์รอชิดูน (ค. 634 – 644) หรือเคาะลีฟะฮ์ มุอาวิยะฮ์ที่ 1 แห่งรัฐเคาะลีฟะฮ์อุมัยยะฮ์ (ค. 661 – 680) มีการสร้างอาคารละหมาดขนาดเล็กบนพื้นที่ใกล้กับที่ตั้งของมัสยิด ส่วนมัสยิดในปัจจุบันที่ตั้งอยู่บนกำแพงตอนใต้ของพื้นที่นั้น สร้างขึ้นโดย เคาะลีฟะฮ์อุมัยยะฮ์องค์ที่ 5 (ค. 685 – 705) หรืออัลวะลีดที่ 1 (ค. 705 – 715) ผู้สืบทอดของพระองค์ (หรือทั้งสองพระองค์) ในแนวเดียวกันกับโดมแห่งศิลา หลังมัสยิดถูกทำลายจากแผ่นดินไหวใน ค.ศ. 746 จึงมีการสร้างใหม่ใน ค.ศ. 758 โดย เคาะลีฟะฮ์แห่งรัฐเคาะลีฟะฮ์อับบาซียะฮ์ จากนั้นจึงขยายเพิ่มเติมใน ค.ศ. 780 โดยเคาะลีฟะฮ์ โดยมีทางเดินสิบห้าแถวและโดมกลาง แต่มัสยิดนี้ถูกทำลายจาก ก่อนที่จะสร้างขึ้นใหม่โดยเคาะลีฟะฮ์ แห่งรัฐเคาะลีฟะฮ์ฟาฏิมียะฮ์ โดยลดทางเดินเหลือ 7 แถว แต่ตกแต่งภายในด้วยซุ้มประตูตรงกลางวิจิตรบรรจงที่ปูด้วยโมเสกรูปพืชพรรณ โครงสร้างปัจจุบันรักษาโครงร่างในคริสต์ศตวรรษที่ 11
ในระหว่างการบูรณะเป็นระยะ ๆ ราชวงศ์อิสลามที่ปกครองพื้นที่นี้ได้สร้างมัสยิดและอาณาบริเวณเพิ่มเติม เช่น โดม ด้านหน้าอาคาร หออะษาน กับมินบัร และโครงสร้างภายใน ก่อนทีนักรบครูเสดเข้ายึดครองใน ค.ศ. 1099 มัสยิดนี้เคยเป็นพระราชวัง หลังจากนั้นจึงกลายเป็นกองบัญชาการของอัศวินเทมพลาร์ หลังเศาะลาฮุดดีนยึดพื้นที่นี้คืนใน ค.ศ. 1187 โครงสร้างนี้จึงกลับไปเป็นมัสยิด แล้วมีโครงการบูรณะ ซ่อมแซม และขยายในศตวรรษถัดมาของ รัฐสุลต่านมัมลูก จักรวรรดิออตโตมัน ของ และในสมัย มัสยิดนี้อยู่ภายใต้การบริหารแบบอิสระของ นับตั้งแต่เริ่มต้น
มัสยิดอัลอักศอตั้งอยู่ใกล้กับสถานที่ทางประวัติศาสตร์และสถานที่ศักดิ์สิทธิ์ต่าง ๆ ในศาสนายูดาห์และศาสนาคริสต์ โดยเฉพาะในบริเวณพระวิหารในกรุงเยรูซาเลม พื้นที่ทั้งหมดจึงมีความสำคัญทางภูมิรัฐศาสตร์สูง และเป็นบริเวณที่เกิดความรุนแรงและควบคุมไม่ได้โดยหลักในความขัดแย้งอิสราเอล–ปาเลสไตน์
คำนิยาม
ศัพท์ "มัสยิดอัลอักศอ" มาจากอัลกุรอาน ("มัสยิดอันไกลโพ้น") ใช้เรียกพื้นที่เนินพระวิหารทั้งหมด ซึ่งมีอีกชื่อหนึ่งว่า ฮะรอมุชชะรีฟ ส่วน "ญามิอุลอักศอ" ใช้เรียกอาคารมัสยิดรวมที่มีโดมสีเงิน นักเขียนชาวอาหรับและเปอร์เซียหลายคนอย่างอัลมักดิซี นักภูมิศาสตร์ในคริสต์ศตวรรษที่ 10 นักวิชาการในคริสต์ศตวรรษที่ 11อัลอิดรีซี นักภูมิศาสตร์ในคริสต์ศตวรรษที่ 12 และ นักวิชาการอิสลามในคริสต์ศตวรรษที่ 15, เช่นเดียวกันกับ ในคริสต์ศตวรรษที่ 19 และอธิบายว่า ศัพท์ มัสยิดอัลอักศอ สื่อถึงลานสนามว่างทั้งหมดที่มีอีกชื่อว่า เนินพระวิหาร หรือฮะรอมุชชะรีฟ นั่นคือ พื้นที่ทั้งหมดโดยรวมโดมแห่งศิลา, น้ำพุ, และ เนื่องจากอาคารเหล่านี้ยังไม่มีการสร้างในช่วงที่มีการบันทึกกุรอาน อัลมักดิซีกล่าวถึงอาคารทางใต้ (หัวข้อบทความนี้) เป็น Al Mughattâ ("ส่วนที่ถูกคลุม") และนอซีร์ ฆูสโรว์กล่าวถึงสิ่งนี้ด้วยศัพทเปอร์เซียว่า Pushish (ความหมายเดียวกันกับ "Al Mughatta") หรือ มักศูเราะฮ์ (ส่วนของสัมพจนัยทั้งหมด)
อาคารนี้ยังมีอีกชื่อเรียกว่า มัสยิด(อัล)กิบลี หรือมุศ็อลลา(อัล)กิบลี สื่อถึงที่ตั้งทางตอนใต้ของพื้นที่ทั้งหมด เนื่องจากมีการย้ายกิบลัตจากเยรูซาเลมไปยังมักกะฮ์
อ้างอิง
- Al-Ratrout, H. A., The Architectural Development of Al-Aqsa Mosque in the Early Islamic Period, ALMI Press, London, 2004.
- (1849). The Holy City: Historical, Topographical and Antiquarian Notices of Jerusalem. Parker. pp. 143–160.
The following detailed account of the Haram es-Sherif, with some interesting notices of the City, is extracted from an Arabic work entitled " The Sublime Companion to the History of Jerusalem and Hebron, by ," who died A. H. 927, (A. d. 1521)… "I have at the commencement called attention to the fact that the place now called by the name Aksa (i. e. the most distant), is the Mosk [Jamia] properly so called, at the southern extremity of the area, where is the Minbar and the great Mihrab. But in fact Aksa is the name of the whole area enclosed within the walls, the dimensions of which I have just given, for the Mosk proper [Jamia], the Dome of the Rock, the Cloisters, and other buildings, are all of late construction, and Mesjid el-Aksa is the correct name of the whole area."
and also (1811). "Chapitre vingtième. Description de la mosquée Mesdjid-ol-aksa, telle qu'elle est de nos jours, (du temps de l'auteur, au dixième siècle de l'Hégire, au seizième après J. C.)". Fundgruben des Orients (ภาษาฝรั่งเศส). Vol. 2. Gedruckt bey A. Schmid. p. 93.Nous avons dès le commencement appelé l'attention sur que l'endroit, auquel les hommes donnent aujourd'hui le nom d'Aksa, c'est à-dire, la plus éloignée, est la mosquée proprement dite, bâtie à l'extrêmité méridionale de l'enceinte où se trouve la chaire et le grand autel. Mais en effet Aksa est le nom de l'enceinte entière, en tant qu'elle est enfermée de murs, dont nous venons de donner la longueur et la largeur, car la mosquée proprement dite, le dôme de la roche Sakhra, les portiques et les autres bâtimens, sont tous des constructions récentes, et Mesdjidol-aksa est le véritable nom de toute l'enceinte. (Le Mesdjid des arabes répond à l'ίερόν et le Djami au ναός des grecs.)
- Yavuz 1996.
- Salameh, Khader (2009). "A New Saljuq Inscription in the Masjid al-Aqsa, Jerusalem". Levant. 41 (1): 107–117. doi:10.1179/175638009x427620. ISSN 0075-8914. S2CID 162230613.
- 1936 map of the Old City of Jerusalem
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- Tucker, S.C.; Roberts, P. (2008). The Encyclopedia of the Arab-Israeli Conflict: A Political, Social, and Military History [4 volumes]: A Political, Social, and Military History. ABC-CLIO history reference online. ABC-CLIO. p. 70. ISBN .
Al-Aqsa Mosque The al-Aqsa Mosque (literally, "farthest mosque") is both a building and a complex of religious buildings in Jerusalem. It is known to Muslims as al-Haram al-Sharif (the Noble Sanctuary) and to Jews and Christians as the Har ha-Bayit or Temple Mount. The whole area of the Noble Sanctuary is considered by Muslims to be the al-Aqsa Mosque, and the entire precinct is inviolable according to Islamic law. It is considered specifically part of the waqf (endowment) land that had included the Western Wall (Wailing Wall), property of an Algerian family, and more generally a waqf of all of Islam. When viewed as a complex of buildings, the al-Aqsa Mosque is dominated and bounded by two major structures: the al-Aqsa Mosque building on the east and the Dome of the Rock (or the Mosque of Omar) on the west. The Dome of the Rock is the oldest holy building in Islam.
- "Jerusalem holy site clashes fuel fears of return to war". BBC News. 2022-04-22. จากแหล่งเดิมเมื่อ 24 May 2022. สืบค้นเมื่อ 30 May 2022.
Whole site also considered by Muslims as Al Aqsa Mosque
- UNESCO World Heritage Centre (2022-04-04). "39 COM 7A.27 - Decision". UNESCO World Heritage Centre. จากแหล่งเดิมเมื่อ 30 May 2022. สืบค้นเมื่อ 2022-05-29.
…the historic Gates and windows of the Qibli Mosque inside Al-Aqsa Mosque/ Al-Haram Al-Sharif, which is a Muslim holy site of worship and an integral part of a World Heritage Site
- , Jerusalem, 1884, p.119: "The Jamia el Aksa, or 'distant mosque' (that is, distant from Mecca), is on the south, reaching to the outer wall. The whole enclosure of the Haram is called by Moslem writers Masjid el Aksa, 'praying-place of the Aksa,' from this mosque."
- : "This article deals with the employment of religious symbols for national identities and national narratives by using the sacred compound in Jerusalem (The Temple Mount/al-Aqsa) as a case study. The narrative of The Holy Land involves three concentric circles, each encompassing the other, with each side having its own names for each circle. These are: Palestine/Eretz Israel (i.e., the Land of Israel); Jerusalem/al-Quds and finally The Temple Mount/al-Aqsa compound...Within the struggle over public awareness of Jerusalem's importance, one particular site is at the eye of the storm—the Temple Mount and its Western Wall—the Jewish Kotel—or, in Muslim terminology, the al-Aqsa compound (alternatively: al-Haram al-Sharif) including the al-Buraq Wall... "Al-Aqsa" for the Palestinian-Arab-Muslim side is not merely a mosque mentioned in the Quran within the context of the Prophet Muhammad's miraculous Night Journey to al-Aqsa which, according to tradition, concluded with his ascension to heaven (and prayer with all of the prophets and the Jewish and Christian religious figures who preceded him); rather, it also constitutes a unique symbol of identity, one around which various political objectives may be formulated, plans of action drawn up and masses mobilized for their realization", "Narratives of Jerusalem and its Sacred Compound" 21 พฤษภาคม 2022 ที่ เวย์แบ็กแมชชีน, Israel Studies 18(2):115-132 (July 2013)
- Annika Björkdahl and Susanne Buckley-Zistel: "The site is known in Arabic as Haram al-Sharif – the Noble Sanctuary – and colloquially as the Haram or the al-Aqsa compound; while in Hebrew, it is called Har HaBeit – the Temple Mount." Annika Björkdahl; Susanne Buckley-Zistel (1 May 2016). Spatialising Peace and Conflict: Mapping the Production of Places, Sites and Scales of Violence. Palgrave Macmillan UK. pp. 243–. ISBN . จากแหล่งเดิมเมื่อ 21 May 2022. สืบค้นเมื่อ 21 May 2022.
- :"Al-Aqsa Mosque, also referred to as Al-Haram Ash-Sharif (the Noble Sanctuary), comprises the entire area within the compound walls (a total area of 144,000 m2) - including all the mosques, prayer rooms, buildings, platforms and open courtyards located above or under the grounds - and exceeds 200 historical monuments pertaining to various Islamic eras. According to Islamic creed and jurisprudence, all these buildings and courtyards enjoy the same degree of sacredness since they are built on Al-Aqsa's holy grounds. This sacredness is not exclusive to the physical structures allocated for prayer, like the Dome of the Rock or Al-Qibly Mosque (the mosque with the large silver dome)"Mahdi Abdul Hadi 2020-02-16 ที่ เวย์แบ็กแมชชีน ; Tim Marshall: "Many people believe that the mosque depicted is called the Al-Aqsa; however, a visit to one of Palestine's most eminent intellectuals, Mahdi F. Abdul Hadi, clarified the issue. Hadi is chairman of the Palestinian Academic Society for the Study of International Affairs, based in East Jerusalem. His offices are a treasure trove of old photographs, documents, and symbols. He was kind enough to spend several hours with me. He spread out maps of Jerusalem's Old City on a huge desk and homed in on the Al-Aqsa compound, which sits above the Western Wall. "The mosque in the Al-Aqsa [Brigades] flag is the Dome of the Rock. Everyone takes it for granted that it is the Al-Aqsa mosque, but no, the whole compound is Al-Aqsa, and on it are two mosques, the Qibla mosque and the Dome of the Rock, and on the flags of both Al-Aqsa Brigades and the Qassam Brigades, it is the Dome of the Rock shown," he said. Tim Marshall (4 July 2017). A Flag Worth Dying For: The Power and Politics of National Symbols. Simon and Schuster. pp. 151–. ISBN . จากแหล่งเดิมเมื่อ 12 September 2019. สืบค้นเมื่อ 17 April 2018.
- Tucker, S.C.; Roberts, P. (2008). The Encyclopedia of the Arab-Israeli Conflict: A Political, Social, and Military History [4 volumes]: A Political, Social, and Military History. ABC-CLIO history reference online. ABC-CLIO. p. 70. ISBN .
- Kershner, Isabel (14 November 2009). "Unusual Partners Study Divisive Jerusalem Site". The New York Times.
- (2014). Theorizing Islam: Disciplinary Deconstruction and Reconstruction. Religion in Culture. Taylor & Francis. p. 45. ISBN .
Although later commentators would debate whether or not this journey was a physical one or took place at an internal level, it would come to play a crucial role in establishing Muhammad's prophetic credentials. In the first part of this journey, referred to as the isra, he traveled from the Kaba in Mecca to "the farthest mosque" (al-masjid al-aqsa), identified with the Temple Mount in Jerusalem: the al-Aqsa mosque that stands there today eventually took its name from this larger precinct, in which it was constructed.
- Sway, Mustafa A. (2015), "Al-Aqsa Mosque: Do Not Intrude!", Palestine - Israel Journal of Politics, Economics, and Culture, 20/21 (4): 108–113, 1724483297 – โดยทาง ProQuest,
Ahmed ibn Hanbal (780–855): "Verily, 'Al-Aqsa' is a name for the whole mosque which is surrounded by the wall, the length and width of which are mentioned here, for the building that exists in the southern part of the Mosque, and the other ones such as the Dome of the Rock and the corridors and other [buildings] are novel (muhdatha)." Mustafa Sway: More than 500 years ago, when Mujir Al-Din Al-Hanbali offered the above definition of Al-Aqsa Mosque in the year 900 AH/1495, there were no conflicts, no occupation and no contesting narratives surrounding the site.
- Omar, Abdallah Marouf (2017). "Al-Aqsa Mosque's Incident in July 2017: Affirming the Policy of Deterrence". Insight Turkey. 19 (3): 69–82. doi:10.25253/99.2017193.05. JSTOR 26300531.
In a treaty signed by Jordan and the Palestinian Authority on March 31, 2013, both sides define al-Aqsa Mosque as being "al-Masjid al-Aqsa with its 144 dunums, which include the Qibli Mosque of al-Aqsa, the Mosque of the Dome of the Rock, and all its mosques, buildings, walls, courtyards". ... Israel insists on identifying al-Aqsa Mosque as being a small building. ... Nonetheless, the Executive Board of UNESCO adopted the Jordanian definition of al-Aqsa Mosque in its Resolution (199 EX/PX/DR.19.1 Rev).
Occupied Palestine: draft decision (199 EX/PX/DR.19.1 REV), UNESCO Executive Board. UNESCO. 2016. - "Arab states neglect Al-Aqsa says head of Jerusalem Waqf". . 5 September 2014. จากแหล่งเดิมเมื่อ 24 April 2016. สืบค้นเมื่อ 5 April 2016.
- The Archaeology of the Holy Land: From the Destruction of Solomon's Temple to the Muslim Conquest 15 กรกฎาคม 2020 ที่ เวย์แบ็กแมชชีน, Cambridge University Press, Jodi Magness, page 355
- Robinson, E.; Smith, E. (1841). . John Murray.
The Jámi'a el-Aksa is the mosk alone; the Mesjid el-Aksa is the mosk with all the sacred enclosure and precincts, including the Sükhrah. Thus the words Mesjid and Jāmi'a differ in usage somewhat like the Greek ίερόν and ναός.
- (1871). "History of the Haram Es Sherif: Compiled from the Arabic Historians". Palestine Exploration Quarterly. 3 (3): 122–132. doi:10.1179/peq.1871.012. ISSN 0031-0328.
EXCURSUS ON THE NAME MASJID EL AKSA. In order to understand the native accounts of the sacred area at Jerusalem, it is essentially necessary to keep in mind the proper application of the various names by which it is spoken of. When the Masjid el Aksa is mentioned, that name is usually supposed to refer to the well-known mosque on the south side of the Haram, but such is not really the case. The latter building is called El Jámʻi el Aksa, or simply El Aksa, and the substructures are called El Aksa el Kadímeh (the ancient Aksa), while the title El Masjid el Aksa is applied to the whole sanctuary. The word Jámi is exactly equivalent in sense to the Greek συναγωγή, and is applied to the church or building in which the worshippers congregate. Masjid, on the other hand, is a much more general term; it is derived from the verb sejada "to adore," and is applied to any spot, the sacred character of which would especially incite the visitor to an act of devotion. Our word mosque is a corruption of masjid, but it is usually misapplied, as the building is never so designated, although the whole area on which it stands may be so spoken of. The Cubbet es Sakhrah, El Aksa, Jam'i el Magharibeh, &c., are each called a Jami, but the entire Haram is a masjid. This will explain how it is that 'Omar, after visiting the churches of the Anastasis, Sion, &c., was taken to the "Masjid" of Jerusalem, and will account for the statement of Ibn el 'Asa'kir and others, that the Masjid el Aksa measured over 600 cubits in length-that is, the length of the whole Haram area. The name Masjid el Aksa is borrowed from the passage in the Coran (xvii. 1), when allusion is made to the pretended ascent of Mohammed into heaven from ·the temple of Jerusalem; "Praise be unto Him who transported His servant by night from El Masjid el Haram (i.e., 'the Sacred place of Adoration' at Mecca) to El Masjid el Aksa (i.e., 'the Remote place of Adoration' at Jerusalem), the precincts of which we have blessed," &c. The title El Aksa, "the Remote," according to the Mohammedan doctors, is applied to the temple of Jerusalem "either because of its distance from Mecca, or because it is in the centre of the earth."
- , Jerusalem, 1884, p.119: "The Jamia el Aksa, or 'distant mosque' (that is, distant from Mecca), is on the south, reaching to the outer wall. The whole enclosure of the Haram is called by Moslem writers Masjid el Aksa, 'praying-place of the Aksa,' from this mosque."
- (1890). Palestine Under the Moslems: A Description of Syria and the Holy Land from A.D. 650 to 1500. Translated from the Works of the Medieval Arab Geographers. Houghton, Mifflin. p. 96.
Great confusion is introduced into the Arab descriptions of the Noble Sanctuary by the indiscriminate use of the terms Al Masjid or Al Masjid al Akså, Jami' or Jami al Aksâ; and nothing but an intimate acquaintance with the locality described will prevent a translator, ever and again, misunderstanding the text he has before him-since the native authorities use the technical terms in an extraordinarily inexact manner, often confounding the whole, and its part, under the single denomination of "Masjid." Further, the usage of various writers differs considerably on these points : Mukaddasi invariably speaks of the whole Haram Area as Al Masjid, or as Al Masjid al Aksî, "the Akså Mosque," or "the mosque," while the Main-building of the mosque, at the south end of the Haram Area, which we generally term the Aksa, he refers to as Al Mughattâ, "the Covered-part." Thus he writes "the mosque is entered by thirteen gates," meaning the gates of the Haram Area. So also "on the right of the court," means along the west wall of the Haram Area; "on the left side" means the east wall; and "at the back" denotes the northern boundary wall of the Haram Area. Nasir-i-Khusrau, who wrote in Persian, uses for the Main-building of the Aksâ Mosque the Persian word Pushish, that is, "Covered part," which exactly translates the Arabic Al Mughatta. On some occasions, however, the Akså Mosque (as we call it) is spoken of by Näsir as the Maksurah, a term used especially to denote the railed-off oratory of the Sultan, facing the Mihrâb, and hence in an extended sense applied to the building which includes the same. The great Court of the Haram Area, Nâsir always speaks of as the Masjid, or the Masjid al Akså, or again as the Friday Mosque (Masjid-i-Jum'ah).
- Idrīsī, Muhammad; (1836). Géographie d'Édrisi (ภาษาฝรั่งเศส). à l'Imprimerie royale. pp. 343–344.
Sous la domination musulmane il fut agrandi, et c'est (aujourd'hui) la grande mosquée connue par les Musulmans sous le nom de Mesdjid el-Acsa مسجد الأقصى. Il n'en existe pas au monde qui l'égale en grandeur, si l'on en excepte toutefois la grande mosquée de Cordoue en Andalousie ; car, d'après ce qu'on rapporte, le toit de cette mosquée est plus grand que celui de la Mesdjid el-Acsa. Au surplus, l'aire de cette dernière forme un parallelogramme dont la hauteur est de deux cents brasses (ba'a), et le base de cents quatre-vingts. La moitié de cet espace, celle qui est voisin du Mihrab, est couverte d'un toit (ou plutôt d'un dôme) en pierres soutenu par plusieurs rangs de colonnes ; l'autre est à ciel ouvert. Au centre de l'édifice est un grand dôme connu sous le nom de Dôme de la roche; il fut orné d'arabesques en or et d'autres beaux ouvrages, par les soins de divers califes musulmans. Le dôme est percé de quatre portes; en face de celle qui est à l'occident, on voit l'autel sur lequel les enfants d'Israël offraient leurs sacrifices; auprès de la porte orientale est l'église nommée le saint des saints, d'une construction élégante ; au midi est une chapelle qui était à l'usage des Musulmans; mais les chrétiens s'en sont emparés de vive force et elle est restée en leur pouvoir jusqu'à l'époque de la composition du présent ouvrage. Ils ont converti cette chapelle en un couvent où résident des religieux de l'ordre des templiers, c'est-à-dire des serviteurs de la maison de Dieu.
Also at Williams, G.; Willis, R. (1849). "Account of Jerusalem during the Frank Occupation, extracted from the Universal Geography of Edrisi. Climate III. sect. 5. Translated by P. Amédée Jaubert. Tome 1. pp. 341—345.". The Holy City: Historical, Topographical, and Antiquarian Notices of Jerusalem. J.W. Parker. - Mustafa Abu Sway (Fall 2000). "The Holy Land, Jerusalem and Al-Aqsa Mosque in the Islamic Sources". Journal of the Central Conference of American Rabbis (CCAR): 60–68.
Quoting : "Verily, ‘Al-Aqsa’ is a name for the whole mosque which is surrounded by the wall, the length and width of which are mentioned here, for the building that exists in the southern part of the Mosque, and the other ones such as the Dome of the Rock and the corridors and other [buildings] are novel"
- (1890). Palestine Under the Moslems: A Description of Syria and the Holy Land from A.D. 650 to 1500. Translated from the Works of the Medieval Arab Geographers. Houghton, Mifflin.
THE AKSÀ MOSQUE. The great mosque of Jerusalem, Al Masjid al Aksà, the "Further Mosque," derives its name from the traditional Night Journey of Muhammad, to which allusion is made in the words of the Kuran (xvii. I)... the term "Mosque" being here taken to denote the whole area of the Noble Sanctuary, and not the Main-building of the Aksà only, which, in the Prophet's days, did not exist.
- Strange, Guy le (1887). "Description of the Noble Sanctuary at Jerusalem in 1470 A.D., by Kamâl (or Shams) ad Dîn as Suyûtî". Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland. 19 (2): 247–305. doi:10.1017/S0035869X00019420. ISSN 0035-869X. JSTOR 25208864. S2CID 163050043.
…the term Masjid (whence, through the Spanish Mezquita, our word Mosque) denotes the whole of the sacred edifice, comprising the main building and the court, with its lateral arcades and minor chapels. The earliest specimen of the Arab mosque consisted of an open courtyard, within which, round its four walls, run colonades or cloisters to give shelter to the worshippers. On the side of the court towards the Kiblah (in the direction of Mekka), and facing which the worshipper must stand, the colonade, instead of being single, is, for the convenience of the increased numbers of the congregation, widened out to form the Jami' or place of assembly… coming now to the Noble Sanctuary at Jerusalem, we must remember that the term 'Masjid’ belongs not only to the Aksa mosque (more properly the Jami’ or place of assembly for prayer), but to the whole enclosure with the Dome of the Rock in the middle, and all the other minor domes and chapels.
-
- Abu-Sway, Mustafa (2013-03-31). "Al-Aqsa Mosque: Do Not Intrude!". Palestine-Israel Journal.
Not only do the Israeli occupation authorities prevent freedom of movement and freedom of worship, they interfere in defining Al-Aqsa Mosque by restricting the meaning of Al-Aqsa Mosque to the southernmost building, Qibli Mosque, rather than all 144 dunums or 36 acres.
- Omar, Abdallah Marouf (2017). "Al-Aqsa Mosque's Incident in July 2017: Affirming the Policy of Deterrence". . 19 (3): 69–82. doi:10.25253/99.2017193.05. JSTOR 26300531.
As shown before, Israel tried first to play with the definition of al-Aqsa as being only the Qibli Mosque building. This would give Israel an excuse to request a share in administrating the whole compound, claiming that not all of it is al-Aqsa Mosque
- Yehia Hassan Wazeri THE FARTHEST MOSQUE OR THE ALLEGED TEMPLE AN ANALYTIC STUDY, Journal of Islamic Architecture Volume 2 Issue 3 June 2013, "The blessed Al-Masjid Al-Aqsa, which is mentioned in the Ever Glorious Qur'an (in Sura Al-Isra'), is the blessed spot that is now called Al-Haram Al-Qudsi and is surrounded by the great wall along with the buildings and monuments that have been built on it, on top of which is Al-Masjid Al-Qibli (covered Masjid) and the Dome of the Rock."
- Kamil, Meryem (2020-09-01). "Postspatial, Postcolonial". Social Text. Duke University Press. 38 (3): 55–82. doi:10.1215/01642472-8352247. ISSN 0164-2472. S2CID 234613673.
The compound is an enclosed platform, with its western portion demarcated as the Jewish holy site of the Wailing Wall. Within the com- pound are two hallowed buildings: the Dome of the Rock and al-Qibli mosque.19 Muslims venerate the Dome of the Rock as the site where Muhammad ascended to heaven, and Jews honor the site where Abraham sacrificed Isaac. Al-Qibli mosque is noted by Muslims as the initial direc- tion for prayer before Mecca.
- Omran M. Hassan, A Graphical Vision of Aesthetics of Al-Quds Architecture through the Digital Technology, International Journal of Advanced Science and Technology Vol. 29, No. 7s, (2020), pp. 2819-2838: "As shown, it is a part of the building of Al-Qibli mosque which is part of Al-Aqsa Mosque and one of its monuments with a roofed building topped by a dome covered by a layer of lead, located in the south side of Al-Aqsa Mosque towards Al-Qiblah in which the name Al-Qibli came from."
- , Al-Aqsa Mosque 16 กุมภาพันธ์ 2020 ที่ เวย์แบ็กแมชชีน, : "Al-Aqsa Mosque, also referred to as Al-Haram Ash-Sharif (the Noble Sanctuary), comprises the entire area within the compound walls (a total area of 144,000 m2) – including all the mosques, prayer rooms, buildings, platforms and open courtyards located above or under the grounds – and exceeds 200 historical monuments pertaining to various Islamic eras. According to Islamic creed and jurisprudence, all these buildings and courtyards enjoy the same degree of sacredness since they are built on Al-Aqsa’s holy grounds. This sacredness is not exclusive to the physical structures allocated for prayer, like the Dome of the Rock or Al-Qibly Mosque (the mosque with the large silver dome)
- Tim Marshall (2017). A Flag Worth Dying For: The Power and Politics of National Symbols. Simon and Schuster. p. 151. ISBN .: "Many people believe that the mosque depicted is called the Al-Aqsa; however, a visit to one of Palestine's most eminent intellectuals, Mahdi F. Abdul Hadi, clarified the issue. Hadi is chairman of the Palestinian Academic Society for the Study of International Affairs, based in East Jerusalem. His offices are a treasure trove of old photographs, documents, and symbols. He was kind enough to spend several hours with me. He spread out maps of Jerusalem's Old City on a huge desk and homed in on the Al-Aqsa compound, which sits above the Western Wall. "The mosque in the Al- Aqsa [Brigades] flag is the Dome of the Rock. Everyone takes it for granted that it is the Al-Aqsa mosque, but no, the whole compound is Al-Aqsa, and on it are two mosques, the Qibla mosque and the Dome of the Rock, and on the flags of both Al-Aqsa Brigades and the Qassam Brigades, it is the Dome of the Rock shown", he said."
- Abu-Sway, Mustafa (2013-03-31). "Al-Aqsa Mosque: Do Not Intrude!". Palestine-Israel Journal.
ข้อมูล
- Yavuz, Yildirim (1996). "The Restoration Project of the Masjid al-Aqsa by Mïmar Kemalettın (1922–1926)". Muqarnas. 13: 149–164. JSTOR 1523257.
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hlngcaknncungklayepnkxngbychakarkhxngxswinethmphlar hlngesaalahuddinyudphunthinikhunin kh s 1187 okhrngsrangnicungklbipepnmsyid aelwmiokhrngkarburna sxmaesm aelakhyayinstwrrsthdmakhxng rthsultanmmluk ckrwrrdixxtotmn khxng aelainsmy msyidnixyuphayitkarbriharaebbxisrakhxng nbtngaeterimtn msyidxlxksxtngxyuiklkbsthanthithangprawtisastraelasthanthiskdisiththitang insasnayudahaelasasnakhrist odyechphaainbriewnphrawiharinkrungeyrusaelm phunthithnghmdcungmikhwamsakhythangphumirthsastrsung aelaepnbriewnthiekidkhwamrunaerngaelakhwbkhumimidodyhlkinkhwamkhdaeyngxisraexl paelsitnkhaniyamswnhnungkhxngaephnthiin kh s 1841 aesdngthng msyidxlxksx kb yamixulxksx sphth msyidxlxksx macakxlkurxan msyidxniklophn icheriykphunthieninphrawiharthnghmd sungmixikchuxhnungwa harxmuchcharif swn yamixulxksx icheriykxakharmsyidrwmthimiodmsiengin nkekhiynchawxahrbaelaepxresiyhlaykhnxyangxlmkdisi nkphumisastrinkhriststwrrsthi 10 nkwichakarinkhriststwrrsthi 11xlxidrisi nkphumisastrinkhriststwrrsthi 12 aela nkwichakarxislaminkhriststwrrsthi 15 echnediywknkb inkhriststwrrsthi 19 aelaxthibaywa sphth msyidxlxksx suxthunglansnamwangthnghmdthimixikchuxwa eninphrawihar hruxharxmuchcharif nnkhux phunthithnghmdodyrwmodmaehngsila naphu aela enuxngcakxakharehlaniyngimmikarsranginchwngthimikarbnthukkurxan xlmkdisiklawthungxakharthangit hwkhxbthkhwamni epn Al Mughatta swnthithukkhlum aelanxsir khusorwklawthungsingnidwysphthepxresiywa Pushish khwamhmayediywknkb Al Mughatta hrux mksueraah swnkhxngsmphcnythnghmd xakharniyngmixikchuxeriykwa msyid xl kibli hruxmusxlla xl kibli suxthungthitngthangtxnitkhxngphunthithnghmd enuxngcakmikaryaykibltcakeyrusaelmipyngmkkahxangxingAl Ratrout H A The Architectural Development of Al Aqsa Mosque in the Early Islamic Period ALMI Press London 2004 1849 The Holy City Historical Topographical and Antiquarian Notices of Jerusalem Parker pp 143 160 The following detailed account of the Haram es Sherif with some interesting notices of the City is extracted from an Arabic work entitled The Sublime Companion to the History of Jerusalem and Hebron by who died A H 927 A d 1521 I have at the commencement called attention to the fact that the place now called by the name Aksa i e the most distant is the Mosk Jamia properly so called at the southern extremity of the area where is the Minbar and the great Mihrab But in fact Aksa is the name of the whole area enclosed within the walls the dimensions of which I have just given for the Mosk proper Jamia the Dome of the Rock the Cloisters and other buildings are all of late construction and Mesjid el Aksa is the correct name of the whole area and also 1811 Chapitre vingtieme Description de la mosquee Mesdjid ol aksa telle qu elle est de nos jours du temps de l auteur au dixieme siecle de l Hegire au seizieme apres J C Fundgruben des Orients phasafrngess Vol 2 Gedruckt bey A Schmid p 93 Nous avons des le commencement appele l attention sur que l endroit auquel les hommes donnent aujourd hui le nom d Aksa c est a dire la plus eloignee est la mosquee proprement dite batie a l extremite meridionale de l enceinte ou se trouve la chaire et le grand autel Mais en effet Aksa est le nom de l enceinte entiere en tant qu elle est enfermee de murs dont nous venons de donner la longueur et la largeur car la mosquee proprement dite le dome de la roche Sakhra les portiques et les autres batimens sont tous des constructions recentes et Mesdjidol aksa est le veritable nom de toute l enceinte Le Mesdjid des arabes repond a l ieron et le Djami au naos des grecs Yavuz 1996 Salameh Khader 2009 A New Saljuq Inscription in the Masjid al Aqsa Jerusalem Levant 41 1 107 117 doi 10 1179 175638009x427620 ISSN 0075 8914 S2CID 162230613 1936 map of the Old City of Jerusalem Tucker S C Roberts P 2008 The Encyclopedia of the Arab Israeli Conflict A Political Social and Military History 4 volumes A Political Social and Military History ABC CLIO history reference online ABC CLIO p 70 ISBN 978 1 85109 842 2 Al Aqsa Mosque The al Aqsa Mosque literally farthest mosque is both a building and a complex of religious buildings in Jerusalem It is known to Muslims as al Haram al Sharif the Noble Sanctuary and to Jews and Christians as the Har ha Bayit or Temple Mount The whole area of the Noble Sanctuary is considered by Muslims to be the al Aqsa Mosque and the entire precinct is inviolable according to Islamic law It is considered specifically part of the waqf endowment land that had included the Western Wall Wailing Wall property of an Algerian family and more generally a waqf of all of Islam When viewed as a complex of buildings the al Aqsa Mosque is dominated and bounded by two major structures the al Aqsa Mosque building on the east and the Dome of the Rock or the Mosque of Omar on the west The Dome of the Rock is the oldest holy building in Islam Jerusalem holy site clashes fuel fears of return to war BBC News 2022 04 22 cakaehlngedimemux 24 May 2022 subkhnemux 30 May 2022 Whole site also considered by Muslims as Al Aqsa Mosque UNESCO World Heritage Centre 2022 04 04 39 COM 7A 27 Decision UNESCO World Heritage Centre cakaehlngedimemux 30 May 2022 subkhnemux 2022 05 29 the historic Gates and windows of the Qibli Mosque inside Al Aqsa Mosque Al Haram Al Sharif which is a Muslim holy site of worship and an integral part of a World Heritage Site Jerusalem 1884 p 119 The Jamia el Aksa or distant mosque that is distant from Mecca is on the south reaching to the outer wall The whole enclosure of the Haram is called by Moslem writers Masjid el Aksa praying place of the Aksa from this mosque This article deals with the employment of religious symbols for national identities and national narratives by using the sacred compound in Jerusalem The Temple Mount al Aqsa as a case study The narrative of The Holy Land involves three concentric circles each encompassing the other with each side having its own names for each circle These are Palestine Eretz Israel i e the Land of Israel Jerusalem al Quds and finally The Temple Mount al Aqsa compound Within the struggle over public awareness of Jerusalem s importance one particular site is at the eye of the storm the Temple Mount and its Western Wall the Jewish Kotel or in Muslim terminology the al Aqsa compound alternatively al Haram al Sharif including the al Buraq Wall Al Aqsa for the Palestinian Arab Muslim side is not merely a mosque mentioned in the Quran within the context of the Prophet Muhammad s miraculous Night Journey to al Aqsa which according to tradition concluded with his ascension to heaven and prayer with all of the prophets and the Jewish and Christian religious figures who preceded him rather it also constitutes a unique symbol of identity one around which various political objectives may be formulated plans of action drawn up and masses mobilized for their realization Narratives of Jerusalem and its Sacred Compound 21 phvsphakhm 2022 thi ewyaebkaemchchin Israel Studies 18 2 115 132 July 2013 Annika Bjorkdahl and Susanne Buckley Zistel The site is known in Arabic as Haram al Sharif the Noble Sanctuary and colloquially as the Haram or the al Aqsa compound while in Hebrew it is called Har HaBeit the Temple Mount Annika Bjorkdahl Susanne Buckley Zistel 1 May 2016 Spatialising Peace and Conflict Mapping the Production of Places Sites and Scales of Violence Palgrave Macmillan UK pp 243 ISBN 978 1 137 55048 4 cakaehlngedimemux 21 May 2022 subkhnemux 21 May 2022 Al Aqsa Mosque also referred to as Al Haram Ash Sharif the Noble Sanctuary comprises the entire area within the compound walls a total area of 144 000 m2 including all the mosques prayer rooms buildings platforms and open courtyards located above or under the grounds and exceeds 200 historical monuments pertaining to various Islamic eras According to Islamic creed and jurisprudence all these buildings and courtyards enjoy the same degree of sacredness since they are built on Al Aqsa s holy grounds This sacredness is not exclusive to the physical structures allocated for prayer like the Dome of the Rock or Al Qibly Mosque the mosque with the large silver dome Mahdi Abdul Hadi 2020 02 16 thi ewyaebkaemchchin Tim Marshall Many people believe that the mosque depicted is called the Al Aqsa however a visit to one of Palestine s most eminent intellectuals Mahdi F Abdul Hadi clarified the issue Hadi is chairman of the Palestinian Academic Society for the Study of International Affairs based in East Jerusalem His offices are a treasure trove of old photographs documents and symbols He was kind enough to spend several hours with me He spread out maps of Jerusalem s Old City on a huge desk and homed in on the Al Aqsa compound which sits above the Western Wall The mosque in the Al Aqsa Brigades flag is the Dome of the Rock Everyone takes it for granted that it is the Al Aqsa mosque but no the whole compound is Al Aqsa and on it are two mosques the Qibla mosque and the Dome of the Rock and on the flags of both Al Aqsa Brigades and the Qassam Brigades it is the Dome of the Rock shown he said Tim Marshall 4 July 2017 A Flag Worth Dying For The Power and Politics of National Symbols Simon and Schuster pp 151 ISBN 978 1 5011 6833 8 cakaehlngedimemux 12 September 2019 subkhnemux 17 April 2018 Kershner Isabel 14 November 2009 Unusual Partners Study Divisive Jerusalem Site The New York Times 2014 Theorizing Islam Disciplinary Deconstruction and Reconstruction Religion in Culture Taylor amp Francis p 45 ISBN 978 1 317 54594 1 Although later commentators would debate whether or not this journey was a physical one or took place at an internal level it would come to play a crucial role in establishing Muhammad s prophetic credentials In the first part of this journey referred to as the isra he traveled from the Kaba in Mecca to the farthest mosque al masjid al aqsa identified with the Temple Mount in Jerusalem the al Aqsa mosque that stands there today eventually took its name from this larger precinct in which it was constructed Sway Mustafa A 2015 Al Aqsa Mosque Do Not Intrude Palestine Israel Journal of Politics Economics and Culture 20 21 4 108 113 1724483297 odythang ProQuest Ahmed ibn Hanbal 780 855 Verily Al Aqsa is a name for the whole mosque which is surrounded by the wall the length and width of which are mentioned here for the building that exists in the southern part of the Mosque and the other ones such as the Dome of the Rock and the corridors and other buildings are novel muhdatha Mustafa Sway More than 500 years ago when Mujir Al Din Al Hanbali offered the above definition of Al Aqsa Mosque in the year 900 AH 1495 there were no conflicts no occupation and no contesting narratives surrounding the site Omar Abdallah Marouf 2017 Al Aqsa Mosque s Incident in July 2017 Affirming the Policy of Deterrence Insight Turkey 19 3 69 82 doi 10 25253 99 2017193 05 JSTOR 26300531 In a treaty signed by Jordan and the Palestinian Authority on March 31 2013 both sides define al Aqsa Mosque as being al Masjid al Aqsa with its 144 dunums which include the Qibli Mosque of al Aqsa the Mosque of the Dome of the Rock and all its mosques buildings walls courtyards Israel insists on identifying al Aqsa Mosque as being a small building Nonetheless the Executive Board of UNESCO adopted the Jordanian definition of al Aqsa Mosque in its Resolution 199 EX PX DR 19 1 Rev Occupied Palestine draft decision 199 EX PX DR 19 1 REV UNESCO Executive Board UNESCO 2016 Arab states neglect Al Aqsa says head of Jerusalem Waqf 5 September 2014 cakaehlngedimemux 24 April 2016 subkhnemux 5 April 2016 The Archaeology of the Holy Land From the Destruction of Solomon s Temple to the Muslim Conquest 15 krkdakhm 2020 thi ewyaebkaemchchin Cambridge University Press Jodi Magness page 355 Robinson E Smith E 1841 John Murray The Jami a el Aksa is the mosk alone the Mesjid el Aksa is the mosk with all the sacred enclosure and precincts including the Sukhrah Thus the words Mesjid and Jami a differ in usage somewhat like the Greek ieron and naos 1871 History of the Haram Es Sherif Compiled from the Arabic Historians Palestine Exploration Quarterly 3 3 122 132 doi 10 1179 peq 1871 012 ISSN 0031 0328 EXCURSUS ON THE NAME MASJID EL AKSA In order to understand the native accounts of the sacred area at Jerusalem it is essentially necessary to keep in mind the proper application of the various names by which it is spoken of When the Masjid el Aksa is mentioned that name is usually supposed to refer to the well known mosque on the south side of the Haram but such is not really the case The latter building is called El Jamʻi el Aksa or simply El Aksa and the substructures are called El Aksa el Kadimeh the ancient Aksa while the title El Masjid el Aksa is applied to the whole sanctuary The word Jami is exactly equivalent in sense to the Greek synagwgh and is applied to the church or building in which the worshippers congregate Masjid on the other hand is a much more general term it is derived from the verb sejada to adore and is applied to any spot the sacred character of which would especially incite the visitor to an act of devotion Our word mosque is a corruption of masjid but it is usually misapplied as the building is never so designated although the whole area on which it stands may be so spoken of The Cubbet es Sakhrah El Aksa Jam i el Magharibeh amp c are each called a Jami but the entire Haram is a masjid This will explain how it is that Omar after visiting the churches of the Anastasis Sion amp c was taken to the Masjid of Jerusalem and will account for the statement of Ibn el Asa kir and others that the Masjid el Aksa measured over 600 cubits in length that is the length of the whole Haram area The name Masjid el Aksa is borrowed from the passage in the Coran xvii 1 when allusion is made to the pretended ascent of Mohammed into heaven from the temple of Jerusalem Praise be unto Him who transported His servant by night from El Masjid el Haram i e the Sacred place of Adoration at Mecca to El Masjid el Aksa i e the Remote place of Adoration at Jerusalem the precincts of which we have blessed amp c The title El Aksa the Remote according to the Mohammedan doctors is applied to the temple of Jerusalem either because of its distance from Mecca or because it is in the centre of the earth Jerusalem 1884 p 119 The Jamia el Aksa or distant mosque that is distant from Mecca is on the south reaching to the outer wall The whole enclosure of the Haram is called by Moslem writers Masjid el Aksa praying place of the Aksa from this mosque 1890 Palestine Under the Moslems A Description of Syria and the Holy Land from A D 650 to 1500 Translated from the Works of the Medieval Arab Geographers Houghton Mifflin p 96 Great confusion is introduced into the Arab descriptions of the Noble Sanctuary by the indiscriminate use of the terms Al Masjid or Al Masjid al Aksa Jami or Jami al Aksa and nothing but an intimate acquaintance with the locality described will prevent a translator ever and again misunderstanding the text he has before him since the native authorities use the technical terms in an extraordinarily inexact manner often confounding the whole and its part under the single denomination of Masjid Further the usage of various writers differs considerably on these points Mukaddasi invariably speaks of the whole Haram Area as Al Masjid or as Al Masjid al Aksi the Aksa Mosque or the mosque while the Main building of the mosque at the south end of the Haram Area which we generally term the Aksa he refers to as Al Mughatta the Covered part Thus he writes the mosque is entered by thirteen gates meaning the gates of the Haram Area So also on the right of the court means along the west wall of the Haram Area on the left side means the east wall and at the back denotes the northern boundary wall of the Haram Area Nasir i Khusrau who wrote in Persian uses for the Main building of the Aksa Mosque the Persian word Pushish that is Covered part which exactly translates the Arabic Al Mughatta On some occasions however the Aksa Mosque as we call it is spoken of by Nasir as the Maksurah a term used especially to denote the railed off oratory of the Sultan facing the Mihrab and hence in an extended sense applied to the building which includes the same The great Court of the Haram Area Nasir always speaks of as the Masjid or the Masjid al Aksa or again as the Friday Mosque Masjid i Jum ah Idrisi Muhammad 1836 Geographie d Edrisi phasafrngess a l Imprimerie royale pp 343 344 Sous la domination musulmane il fut agrandi et c est aujourd hui la grande mosquee connue par les Musulmans sous le nom de Mesdjid el Acsa مسجد الأقصى Il n en existe pas au monde qui l egale en grandeur si l on en excepte toutefois la grande mosquee de Cordoue en Andalousie car d apres ce qu on rapporte le toit de cette mosquee est plus grand que celui de la Mesdjid el Acsa Au surplus l aire de cette derniere forme un parallelogramme dont la hauteur est de deux cents brasses ba a et le base de cents quatre vingts La moitie de cet espace celle qui est voisin du Mihrab est couverte d un toit ou plutot d un dome en pierres soutenu par plusieurs rangs de colonnes l autre est a ciel ouvert Au centre de l edifice est un grand dome connu sous le nom de Dome de la roche il fut orne d arabesques en or et d autres beaux ouvrages par les soins de divers califes musulmans Le dome est perce de quatre portes en face de celle qui est a l occident on voit l autel sur lequel les enfants d Israel offraient leurs sacrifices aupres de la porte orientale est l eglise nommee le saint des saints d une construction elegante au midi est une chapelle qui etait a l usage des Musulmans mais les chretiens s en sont empares de vive force et elle est restee en leur pouvoir jusqu a l epoque de la composition du present ouvrage Ils ont converti cette chapelle en un couvent ou resident des religieux de l ordre des templiers c est a dire des serviteurs de la maison de Dieu Also at Williams G Willis R 1849 Account of Jerusalem during the Frank Occupation extracted from the Universal Geography of Edrisi Climate III sect 5 Translated by P Amedee Jaubert Tome 1 pp 341 345 The Holy City Historical Topographical and Antiquarian Notices of Jerusalem J W Parker Mustafa Abu Sway Fall 2000 The Holy Land Jerusalem and Al Aqsa Mosque in the Islamic Sources Journal of the Central Conference of American Rabbis CCAR 60 68 Quoting Verily Al Aqsa is a name for the whole mosque which is surrounded by the wall the length and width of which are mentioned here for the building that exists in the southern part of the Mosque and the other ones such as the Dome of the Rock and the corridors and other buildings are novel 1890 Palestine Under the Moslems A Description of Syria and the Holy Land from A D 650 to 1500 Translated from the Works of the Medieval Arab Geographers Houghton Mifflin THE AKSA MOSQUE The great mosque of Jerusalem Al Masjid al Aksa the Further Mosque derives its name from the traditional Night Journey of Muhammad to which allusion is made in the words of the Kuran xvii I the term Mosque being here taken to denote the whole area of the Noble Sanctuary and not the Main building of the Aksa only which in the Prophet s days did not exist Strange Guy le 1887 Description of the Noble Sanctuary at Jerusalem in 1470 A D by Kamal or Shams ad Din as Suyuti Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland 19 2 247 305 doi 10 1017 S0035869X00019420 ISSN 0035 869X JSTOR 25208864 S2CID 163050043 the term Masjid whence through the Spanish Mezquita our word Mosque denotes the whole of the sacred edifice comprising the main building and the court with its lateral arcades and minor chapels The earliest specimen of the Arab mosque consisted of an open courtyard within which round its four walls run colonades or cloisters to give shelter to the worshippers On the side of the court towards the Kiblah in the direction of Mekka and facing which the worshipper must stand the colonade instead of being single is for the convenience of the increased numbers of the congregation widened out to form the Jami or place of assembly coming now to the Noble Sanctuary at Jerusalem we must remember that the term Masjid belongs not only to the Aksa mosque more properly the Jami or place of assembly for prayer but to the whole enclosure with the Dome of the Rock in the middle and all the other minor domes and chapels Abu Sway Mustafa 2013 03 31 Al Aqsa Mosque Do Not Intrude Palestine Israel Journal Not only do the Israeli occupation authorities prevent freedom of movement and freedom of worship they interfere in defining Al Aqsa Mosque by restricting the meaning of Al Aqsa Mosque to the southernmost building Qibli Mosque rather than all 144 dunums or 36 acres Omar Abdallah Marouf 2017 Al Aqsa Mosque s Incident in July 2017 Affirming the Policy of Deterrence 19 3 69 82 doi 10 25253 99 2017193 05 JSTOR 26300531 As shown before Israel tried first to play with the definition of al Aqsa as being only the Qibli Mosque building This would give Israel an excuse to request a share in administrating the whole compound claiming that not all of it is al Aqsa Mosque Yehia Hassan Wazeri THE FARTHEST MOSQUE OR THE ALLEGED TEMPLE AN ANALYTIC STUDY Journal of Islamic Architecture Volume 2 Issue 3 June 2013 The blessed Al Masjid Al Aqsa which is mentioned in the Ever Glorious Qur an in Sura Al Isra is the blessed spot that is now called Al Haram Al Qudsi and is surrounded by the great wall along with the buildings and monuments that have been built on it on top of which is Al Masjid Al Qibli covered Masjid and the Dome of the Rock Kamil Meryem 2020 09 01 Postspatial Postcolonial Social Text Duke University Press 38 3 55 82 doi 10 1215 01642472 8352247 ISSN 0164 2472 S2CID 234613673 The compound is an enclosed platform with its western portion demarcated as the Jewish holy site of the Wailing Wall Within the com pound are two hallowed buildings the Dome of the Rock and al Qibli mosque 19 Muslims venerate the Dome of the Rock as the site where Muhammad ascended to heaven and Jews honor the site where Abraham sacrificed Isaac Al Qibli mosque is noted by Muslims as the initial direc tion for prayer before Mecca Omran M Hassan A Graphical Vision of Aesthetics of Al Quds Architecture through the Digital Technology International Journal of Advanced Science and Technology Vol 29 No 7s 2020 pp 2819 2838 As shown it is a part of the building of Al Qibli mosque which is part of Al Aqsa Mosque and one of its monuments with a roofed building topped by a dome covered by a layer of lead located in the south side of Al Aqsa Mosque towards Al Qiblah in which the name Al Qibli came from Al Aqsa Mosque 16 kumphaphnth 2020 thi ewyaebkaemchchin Al Aqsa Mosque also referred to as Al Haram Ash Sharif the Noble Sanctuary comprises the entire area within the compound walls a total area of 144 000 m2 including all the mosques prayer rooms buildings platforms and open courtyards located above or under the grounds and exceeds 200 historical monuments pertaining to various Islamic eras According to Islamic creed and jurisprudence all these buildings and courtyards enjoy the same degree of sacredness since they are built on Al Aqsa s holy grounds This sacredness is not exclusive to the physical structures allocated for prayer like the Dome of the Rock or Al Qibly Mosque the mosque with the large silver dome Tim Marshall 2017 A Flag Worth Dying For The Power and Politics of National Symbols Simon and Schuster p 151 ISBN 978 1 5011 6833 8 Many people believe that the mosque depicted is called the Al Aqsa however a visit to one of Palestine s most eminent intellectuals Mahdi F Abdul Hadi clarified the issue Hadi is chairman of the Palestinian Academic Society for the Study of International Affairs based in East Jerusalem His offices are a treasure trove of old photographs documents and symbols He was kind enough to spend several hours with me He spread out maps of Jerusalem s Old City on a huge desk and homed in on the Al Aqsa compound which sits above the Western Wall The mosque in the Al Aqsa Brigades flag is the Dome of the Rock Everyone takes it for granted that it is the Al Aqsa mosque but no the whole compound is Al Aqsa and on it are two mosques the Qibla mosque and the Dome of the Rock and on the flags of both Al Aqsa Brigades and the Qassam Brigades it is the Dome of the Rock shown he said khxmul Yavuz Yildirim 1996 The Restoration Project of the Masjid al Aqsa by Mimar Kemalettin 1922 1926 Muqarnas 13 149 164 JSTOR 1523257 aehlngkhxmulxunwikimiediykhxmmxnsmisuxekiywkb msyidxlxksx bthkhwammsyid hruxsthanthisakhythangsasnaxislamniyngepnokhrng khunsamarthchwywikiphiediyidodykarephimetimkhxmuldk