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มุฮัมมัด เราะชีด ริฎอ (อาหรับ: محمد رشيد رضا, อักษรโรมัน: Muḥammad Rashīd Riḍā; ค.ศ. 1865–1935) เป็นนักปรัชญาอิสลามชาวซีเรียและได้อพยพมายังไคโรตามแรงบันดาลใจของมุฮัมมัด อับดุฮ์ เขาเกิดเมื่อ 23 กันยายน พ.ศ. 2408 ในอัลเกาะละมูน ใกล้เมืองตริโปลีของเลบานอน (ขณะนั้นเป็นส่วนหนึ่งของซีเรียออตโตมัน) เขาเริ่มเรียนหนังสือในมัสยิดที่อัลเกาะละมูน จากนั้นจึงเข้าไปเรียนในโรงเรียนของรัฐบาลตุรกี และได้ย้ายไปเรียนในโรงเรียนของชัยค์ ฮุซัยน์ อัลญิสร์ จนโรงเรียนแห่งนั้นปิดตัวลง
มุฮัมมัด เราะชีด ริฎอ | |
|---|---|
محمد رشید رضا | |
 | |
| คำนำหน้าชื่อ | ,, อิหม่าม, |
| ส่วนบุคคล | |
| เกิด | Muḥammad Rashīd ibn ʿAlī Riḍā ibn Muḥammad Shams al-Dīn ibn Muḥammad Bahāʾ al-Dīn ibn Munlā ʿAlī Khalīfa 23 กันยายน ค.ศ. 1865 or 17 ตุลาคม ค.ศ. 1865 เบรุตวิลาเยต จักรวรรดิออตโตมัน (ปัจจุบันคือประเทศเลบานอน) |
| มรณภาพ | 22 สิงหาคม ค.ศ. 1935 (69 ปี) |
| ศาสนา | อิสลาม |
| สัญชาติ |
|
| นิกาย | ซุนนี |
| สำนักคิด | อิจญ์ติฮาด |
| ลัทธิ | |
| |
| อาชีพ | , มุฟัซซิร, , มุฮัดดิษ |
| ตำแหน่งชั้นสูง | |
ได้รับอิทธิจาก | |
มีอิทธิพลต่อ
| |
แนวความคิดของริฎอได้รับอิทธิพลจากนักปรัชญาอิสลามที่สำคัญหลายคน เช่น อิบน์ ตัยมียะฮ์, มุฮัมมัด อิบน์ อับดุลวะฮ์ฮาบ, อัลเฆาะซาลี แต่ที่สำคัญคือความคิดของมุฮัมมัด อับดุฮ์ แนวความคิดของเขานั้นถือว่าอิสลามที่แท้จริงนั้นยอมรับความก้าวหน้าสมัยใหม่ ไม่ยอมรับการที่คนในยุคปัจจุบันจะถูกกำหนดโดยข้อกฎหมายที่สร้างขึ้นระหว่างสามร้อยปีแรกของการ มุสลิมทุกคนจะต้องถือว่าตนเองมีความรับผิดชอบที่จะทำตามความผูกพันระหว่างเพื่อนร่วมศาสนา สนับสนุนหน้าที่และความต้องการทางจริยธรรมและต้องเผยแผ่ศาสนาด้วย เขาเสียชีวิตเมื่อ 22 สิงหาคม พ.ศ. 2478
อ้างอิง
- Suleiman Al-Fahdawi, Khaled (2007). Allama Muhammad Rashid Rida: His Era - Challenges - And Reform Approach. Safahat Al-Dirasat wa-al Nushr.
- Bin Anwar Bin Muhammad Ghani, Muhammad (2018). . Social and Cultural Studies. Pakistan Research Database. 5 (2). คลังข้อมูลเก่าเก็บจากแหล่งเดิมเมื่อ 4 Sep 2022 – โดยทาง PRDB.pk.
- ibn Abd al-Aziz ibn Hammad al-Aql, Abdurrahman (2005). "Al-Ustadhun Al-Imam Hujjat al-Islam As-Sayyid Muhammad Rashid Rida" [Our Master, Imam Hujjat Al-Islam Sayyid Muhammad Rashid Rida]. Jamharat Maqalat Allamah As-Shaykh Ahmad Muhammad Shakir. Dar al-Riyadh. pp. 653–665.
- Ende, W. (2012). "Ras̲h̲īd Riḍā". ใน Bearman, P.; Bianquis, Th.; Bosworth, C.E.; van Donzel, E.; Heinrichs, W.P. (บ.ก.). Encyclopaedia of Islam (2nd ed.). Brill. doi:10.1163/1573-3912_islam_SIM_6240.
- Arthur Goldschmidt (2000). Biographical Dictionary of Modern Egypt. Lynne Rienner Publishers. p. 166. ISBN .
- Arabi, Oussama; Powers, David S.; Spectorsky, Susan A. (2013). "Chapter Twenty-One: MUḤAMMAD RASHĪD RIḌĀ (d. 1935)". ใน Haddad, Mahmoud O. (บ.ก.). Islamic Legal Thought: A Compendium of Muslim Jurists. Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill Publishers. p. 458. ISBN .
Although he was a Shāfiʿī, Riḍā defended the Ḥanbalī Wahhābīs.
- Lauzière, Henri (2016). The Making of Salafism: Islamic Reform in the Twentieth Century. New York: Columbia University Press. p. 96. ISBN .
- Soage, A.B. (2008). "Rash? d Ridā's Legacy". The Muslim World. 98 (1): 1–23. doi:10.1111/j.1478-1913.2008.00208.x.
He rejected the ulema unquestioning imitation of their medieval predecessors (taqlid), and the practice of blindly following a particular school of jurisprudence (madhhab).
- Lauzière, Henri (2016). The Making of Salafism: Islamic Reform in the Twentieth Century. New York: Columbia University Press. pp. 62–63. ISBN .
(Rida)... claimed to be Salafi in creed and relied more heavily on transmitted knowledge (naql) than did Muhammad Abduh.
- Halverson, Jeffrey R. (2010). Theology and Creed in Sunni Islam. New York, USA: Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 61–62, 71. ISBN .
... the early progressive liberalism of these modernists quickly gave way to the arch-conservatism of Athari thinkers who held even greater contempt for the ideas of the nonbelievers (as well as liberals). This shift was most pronounced in the person of Rashid Rida (d. 1935), once a close student of ‘Abduh, who increasingly moved to rigid Athari thought under Wahhabite influences in the early twentieth century. From Rida onward, the “Salafism” of al-Afghani and ‘Abduh became increasingly Athari-Wahhabite in nature, as it remains today.
- อ้างอิงผิดพลาด: ป้ายระบุ
<ref>ไม่ถูกต้อง ไม่มีการกำหนดข้อความสำหรับอ้างอิงชื่อwebman - Aziz, F.; Abbas, H.; Zia, S.M.; Anjum, M. (2011). "Some Social Issues in the Eyes of Muslim Modernist Thinkers". Interdisciplinary Journal of Contemporary Research in Business: 773.
- Saeed, A. (2013). "Salafiya, modernism, and revival". The Oxford handbook of Islam and politics. pp. 34–36.
Section: 'Muhammad Rashid Rida: Taking the Modernist-Salafiya Movement Toward Conservatism' "Under Rida Islamic reformism took a more conservative turn.. Despite Rida's commitment to Islamic reform and the important role of al-Manar, his modernism gave way to an increasing conservatism after WWI..... Rida became increasingly literalist in his understanding of the driving force behind the Salafiyya movement.... his later salaforientation was closer to the approach of contemporary groups that go under the banner of Salafism than to that of `Abduh."
- Olidort, Jacob (2015). "A New Curriculum: Rashīd Riḍā and Traditionalist Salafism". In Defense of Tradition: Muhammad Nasir Al-Din Al-Albani and the Salafi Method (วิทยานิพนธ์). Princeton, New Jersey, USA: Princeton University. pp. 52–62.
Rashīd Riḍā presented these core ideas of Traditionalist Salafism, especially the purported interest in ḥadīth of the early generations of Muslims, as a remedy for correcting Islamic practice and belief during his time.
- Lauzière, Henri (2016). The Making of Salafism: Islamic Reform in the Twentieth Century. New York: Columbia University Press. pp. 39–46. ISBN .
- Bennet, Andrew M. (2013). "Islamic History & Al-Qaeda: A Primer to Understanding the Rise of Islamist Movements in the Modern World". Pace International Law Review Online Companion. Stetson University College of Law. 3 (10): 345. JSTOR 41857681 – โดยทาง JSTOR.
Rida was motivated by celebrated revivalist influences – the doctrine of the conservative Sunni Hanabali school, Ibn Taymiyya, and the Wahabbi movement – and became increasingly Islamist throughout his lifetime....
- Hourani, Albert (1962). "Chapter IX: Rashid Rida". Arabic Thought in the Liberal Age: 1798-1939. University Printing House Cambridge United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press. pp. 225, 231. ISBN .
The suspicion of Sufism... was one of the factors which in later years was to draw him nearer to the teachings of Ibn Taymiyya and the practices of Wahhabism... Sympathy with Hanbalism led him, in later life, to give enthusiastic support to the revival of Wahhabism...
- Achcar, Gilbert (2016). Islamic exceptionalism: how the struggle over Islam is reshaping the world. New York: St Martin's Press. p. 91. ISBN .
The basic premise of Islamism was that Islam was the natural, authentic setting for all believing Muslims. In Rashid Rida's words, it was “the religion of innate disposition.” In that sense, Islamism... was meant to resolve the problem of ideology.
- Bennet, Andrew M. (2013). "Islamic History & Al-Qaeda: A Primer to Understanding the Rise of Islamist Movements in the Modern World". Pace International Law Review Online Companion. Stetson University College of Law. 3 (10): 345. JSTOR 41857681 – โดยทาง JSTOR.
Rida... became increasingly Islamist throughout his lifetime....Rida's views against modernity added a strong anti-Western element to the Islamist ideology, and were reinforced by the Muslim Brotherhood and other like-minded organizations with a greater intensity...
- Reynolds, Dwight F. (2015). The Cambridge Companion to Modern Arab Culture. Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press. p. 71. ISBN .
- Mishra, Pankaj (2017). . New York City, New York, USA: Farrar, Straus and Giroux. p. 27. ISBN .
- Olidort, Jacob (2015). In Defense of Tradition: Muhammad Nasir Al-Din Al-Albani and the Salafi Method (วิทยานิพนธ์). Princeton, New Jersey, USA: Princeton University. pp. 58–59.
Albānī’s son ‘Abd Allāh calls Rashīd Riḍā muḥaddith Miṣr (“the ḥadīth scholar of Egypt”)...
- Arabi, Oussama; Powers, Davis S.; Spectorsky, Susan A. (2013). "Chapter Twenty-One: MUḤAMMAD RASHĪD RIḌĀ (d. 1935)". ใน Haddad, Mahmoud O. (บ.ก.). Islamic Legal Thought: A Compendium of Muslim Jurists. Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill Publishers. p. 457. ISBN .
แหล่งข้อมูลอื่น
- . Les clés du Moyen-Orient. 5 November 2013. คลังข้อมูลเก่าเก็บจากแหล่งเดิมเมื่อ 6 January 2022.
- "Rashid Rida". Britannica. 18 August 2023.
จรัญ มะลูลีม. อิสลามการเมืองในการเมืองตะวันออกกลาง. กรุงเทพมหานคร : ศยาม, 2555, หน้า 76–80.
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muhmmd eraachid ridx xahrb محمد رشيد رضا xksrormn Muḥammad Rashid Riḍa kh s 1865 1935 epnnkprchyaxislamchawsieriyaelaidxphyphmayngikhortamaerngbndalickhxngmuhmmd xbduh ekhaekidemux 23 knyayn ph s 2408 inxlekaalamun iklemuxngtrioplikhxngelbanxn khnannepnswnhnungkhxngsieriyxxtotmn ekhaerimeriynhnngsuxinmsyidthixlekaalamun caknncungekhaiperiyninorngeriynkhxngrthbalturki aelaidyayiperiyninorngeriynkhxngchykh husyn xlyisr cnorngeriynaehngnnpidtwlngmuhmmd eraachid ridxمحمد رشید رضاkhanahnachux xihmam swnbukhkhlekidMuḥammad Rashid ibn ʿAli Riḍa ibn Muḥammad Shams al Din ibn Muḥammad Bahaʾ al Din ibn Munla ʿAli Khalifa 23 knyayn kh s 1865 1865 09 23 or 17 tulakhm kh s 1865 1865 10 17 ebrutwilaeyt ckrwrrdixxtotmn pccubnkhuxpraethselbanxn mrnphaph22 singhakhm kh s 1935 1935 08 22 69 pi ikhor rachxanackrxiyiptsasnaxislamsychatixxtotmn 1865 1922 xiyipt 1922 1935 nikaysunnisankkhidxicytihadlththi txnaerk wahhabiyahxachiph mufssir muhddistaaehnngchnsungidrbxiththicak xchchafixi xahmd xibn hmbl xibn tymiyah muhmmd xibn xbdulwahhab camaluddin xlxfkani muhmmd xbduh fr mixiththiphltx hasn xlbnna yusuf xlekaaeraadxwi syyid kutb xabul xala emadudiy aenwkhwamkhidkhxngridxidrbxiththiphlcaknkprchyaxislamthisakhyhlaykhn echn xibn tymiyah muhmmd xibn xbdulwahhab xlekhaasali aetthisakhykhuxkhwamkhidkhxngmuhmmd xbduh aenwkhwamkhidkhxngekhannthuxwaxislamthiaethcringnnyxmrbkhwamkawhnasmyihm imyxmrbkarthikhninyukhpccubncathukkahndodykhxkdhmaythisrangkhunrahwangsamrxypiaerkkhxngkar muslimthukkhncatxngthuxwatnexngmikhwamrbphidchxbthicathatamkhwamphukphnrahwangephuxnrwmsasna snbsnunhnathiaelakhwamtxngkarthangcriythrrmaelatxngephyaephsasnadwy ekhaesiychiwitemux 22 singhakhm ph s 2478xangxingSuleiman Al Fahdawi Khaled 2007 Allama Muhammad Rashid Rida His Era Challenges And Reform Approach Safahat Al Dirasat wa al Nushr Bin Anwar Bin Muhammad Ghani Muhammad 2018 Social and Cultural Studies Pakistan Research Database 5 2 khlngkhxmulekaekbcakaehlngedimemux 4 Sep 2022 odythang PRDB pk ibn Abd al Aziz ibn Hammad al Aql Abdurrahman 2005 Al Ustadhun Al Imam Hujjat al Islam As Sayyid Muhammad Rashid Rida Our Master Imam Hujjat Al Islam Sayyid Muhammad Rashid Rida Jamharat Maqalat Allamah As Shaykh Ahmad Muhammad Shakir Dar al Riyadh pp 653 665 Ende W 2012 Ras h id Riḍa in Bearman P Bianquis Th Bosworth C E van Donzel E Heinrichs W P b k Encyclopaedia of Islam 2nd ed Brill doi 10 1163 1573 3912 islam SIM 6240 Arthur Goldschmidt 2000 Biographical Dictionary of Modern Egypt Lynne Rienner Publishers p 166 ISBN 9781555872298 Arabi Oussama Powers David S Spectorsky Susan A 2013 Chapter Twenty One MUḤAMMAD RASHiD RIḌA d 1935 in Haddad Mahmoud O b k Islamic Legal Thought A Compendium of Muslim Jurists Leiden The Netherlands Brill Publishers p 458 ISBN 978 90 04 25452 7 Although he was a Shafiʿi Riḍa defended the Ḥanbali Wahhabis Lauziere Henri 2016 The Making of Salafism Islamic Reform in the Twentieth Century New York Columbia University Press p 96 ISBN 978 0 231 17550 0 Soage A B 2008 Rash d Rida s Legacy The Muslim World 98 1 1 23 doi 10 1111 j 1478 1913 2008 00208 x He rejected the ulema unquestioning imitation of their medieval predecessors taqlid and the practice of blindly following a particular school of jurisprudence madhhab Lauziere Henri 2016 The Making of Salafism Islamic Reform in the Twentieth Century New York Columbia University Press pp 62 63 ISBN 978 0 231 17550 0 Rida claimed to be Salafi in creed and relied more heavily on transmitted knowledge naql than did Muhammad Abduh Halverson Jeffrey R 2010 Theology and Creed in Sunni Islam New York USA Palgrave Macmillan pp 61 62 71 ISBN 978 0 230 10279 8 the early progressive liberalism of these modernists quickly gave way to the arch conservatism of Athari thinkers who held even greater contempt for the ideas of the nonbelievers as well as liberals This shift was most pronounced in the person of Rashid Rida d 1935 once a close student of Abduh who increasingly moved to rigid Athari thought under Wahhabite influences in the early twentieth century From Rida onward the Salafism of al Afghani and Abduh became increasingly Athari Wahhabite in nature as it remains today xangxingphidphlad payrabu lt ref gt imthuktxng immikarkahndkhxkhwamsahrbxangxingchux webman Aziz F Abbas H Zia S M Anjum M 2011 Some Social Issues in the Eyes of Muslim Modernist Thinkers Interdisciplinary Journal of Contemporary Research in Business 773 Saeed A 2013 Salafiya modernism and revival The Oxford handbook of Islam and politics pp 34 36 Section Muhammad Rashid Rida Taking the Modernist Salafiya Movement Toward Conservatism Under Rida Islamic reformism took a more conservative turn Despite Rida s commitment to Islamic reform and the important role of al Manar his modernism gave way to an increasing conservatism after WWI Rida became increasingly literalist in his understanding of the driving force behind the Salafiyya movement his later salaforientation was closer to the approach of contemporary groups that go under the banner of Salafism than to that of Abduh Olidort Jacob 2015 A New Curriculum Rashid Riḍa and Traditionalist Salafism In Defense of Tradition Muhammad Nasir Al Din Al Albani and the Salafi Method withyaniphnth Princeton New Jersey USA Princeton University pp 52 62 Rashid Riḍa presented these core ideas of Traditionalist Salafism especially the purported interest in ḥadith of the early generations of Muslims as a remedy for correcting Islamic practice and belief during his time Lauziere Henri 2016 The Making of Salafism Islamic Reform in the Twentieth Century New York Columbia University Press pp 39 46 ISBN 978 0 231 17550 0 Bennet Andrew M 2013 Islamic History amp Al Qaeda A Primer to Understanding the Rise of Islamist Movements in the Modern World Pace International Law Review Online Companion Stetson University College of Law 3 10 345 JSTOR 41857681 odythang JSTOR Rida was motivated by celebrated revivalist influences the doctrine of the conservative Sunni Hanabali school Ibn Taymiyya and the Wahabbi movement and became increasingly Islamist throughout his lifetime Hourani Albert 1962 Chapter IX Rashid Rida Arabic Thought in the Liberal Age 1798 1939 University Printing House Cambridge United Kingdom Cambridge University Press pp 225 231 ISBN 978 0 521 27423 4 The suspicion of Sufism was one of the factors which in later years was to draw him nearer to the teachings of Ibn Taymiyya and the practices of Wahhabism Sympathy with Hanbalism led him in later life to give enthusiastic support to the revival of Wahhabism Achcar Gilbert 2016 Islamic exceptionalism how the struggle over Islam is reshaping the world New York St Martin s Press p 91 ISBN 978 1 250 06101 0 The basic premise of Islamism was that Islam was the natural authentic setting for all believing Muslims In Rashid Rida s words it was the religion of innate disposition In that sense Islamism was meant to resolve the problem of ideology Bennet Andrew M 2013 Islamic History amp Al Qaeda A Primer to Understanding the Rise of Islamist Movements in the Modern World Pace International Law Review Online Companion Stetson University College of Law 3 10 345 JSTOR 41857681 odythang JSTOR Rida became increasingly Islamist throughout his lifetime Rida s views against modernity added a strong anti Western element to the Islamist ideology and were reinforced by the Muslim Brotherhood and other like minded organizations with a greater intensity Reynolds Dwight F 2015 The Cambridge Companion to Modern Arab Culture Cambridge United Kingdom Cambridge University Press p 71 ISBN 978 0 521 89807 2 Mishra Pankaj 2017 New York City New York USA Farrar Straus and Giroux p 27 ISBN 978 0 374 71582 3 Olidort Jacob 2015 In Defense of Tradition Muhammad Nasir Al Din Al Albani and the Salafi Method withyaniphnth Princeton New Jersey USA Princeton University pp 58 59 Albani s son Abd Allah calls Rashid Riḍa muḥaddith Miṣr the ḥadith scholar of Egypt Arabi Oussama Powers Davis S Spectorsky Susan A 2013 Chapter Twenty One MUḤAMMAD RASHiD RIḌA d 1935 in Haddad Mahmoud O b k Islamic Legal Thought A Compendium of Muslim Jurists Leiden The Netherlands Brill Publishers p 457 ISBN 978 90 04 25452 7 aehlngkhxmulxunWikisource wikisxrsphasaxahrb العربية mikhxmultnchbbekiywkb Rashid Rida wikimiediykhxmmxnsmisuxthiekiywkhxngkb muhmmd eraachid ridx Les cles du Moyen Orient 5 November 2013 khlngkhxmulekaekbcakaehlngedimemux 6 January 2022 Rashid Rida Britannica 18 August 2023 cry malulim xislamkaremuxnginkaremuxngtawnxxkklang krungethphmhankhr syam 2555 hna 76 80