การจัดเรียงอิเล็กตรอน
- การจัดเรียงอิเล็กตรอน ของอะตอม ในสถานะแก๊ส ในสภาวะพื้น (ground state)
- สูตรการเขียน ตัวเลขข้างหน้า หมายถึง ลำดับของชั้นย่อย ตัวเลขข้างบน หมายถึง จำนวนอิเล็กตรอนในชั้นย่อย
1 H ไฮโดรเจน : 1s1 | ||||||||||||||||||
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1s1 | ||||||||||||||||||
1 | ||||||||||||||||||
2 He ฮีเลียม : 1s2 | ||||||||||||||||||
1s2 | ||||||||||||||||||
2 | ||||||||||||||||||
3 Li ลิเทียม : 1s2 2s1 | ||||||||||||||||||
1s2 | 2s1 | |||||||||||||||||
2 | 1 | |||||||||||||||||
4 Be เบริลเลียม : 1s2 2s2 | ||||||||||||||||||
1s2 | 2s2 | |||||||||||||||||
2 | 2 | |||||||||||||||||
5 B โบรอน : 1s2 2s2 2p1 | ||||||||||||||||||
1s2 | 2s2 | 2p1 | ||||||||||||||||
2 | 3 | |||||||||||||||||
6 C คาร์บอน : 1s2 2s2 2p2 | ||||||||||||||||||
1s2 | 2s2 | 2p2 | ||||||||||||||||
2 | 4 | |||||||||||||||||
7 N ไนโตรเจน : 1s2 2s2 2p3 | ||||||||||||||||||
1s2 | 2s2 | 2p3 | ||||||||||||||||
2 | 5 | |||||||||||||||||
8 O ออกซิเจน : 1s2 2s2 2p4 | ||||||||||||||||||
1s2 | 2s2 | 2p4 | ||||||||||||||||
2 | 6 | |||||||||||||||||
9 F ฟลูออรีน : 1s2 2s2 2p5 | ||||||||||||||||||
1s2 | 2s2 | 2p5 | ||||||||||||||||
2 | 7 | |||||||||||||||||
10 Ne นีออน : 1s2 2s2 2p6 | ||||||||||||||||||
1s2 | 2s2 | 2p6 | ||||||||||||||||
2 | 8 | |||||||||||||||||
11 Na โซเดียม : [Ne] 3s1 | ||||||||||||||||||
1s2 | 2s2 | 2p6 | 3s1 | |||||||||||||||
2 | 8 | 1 | ||||||||||||||||
12 Mg แมกนีเซียม : [Ne] 3s2 | ||||||||||||||||||
1s2 | 2s2 | 2p6 | 3s2 | |||||||||||||||
2 | 8 | 2 | ||||||||||||||||
13 Al อะลูมิเนียม : [Ne] 3s2 3p1 | ||||||||||||||||||
1s2 | 2s2 | 2p6 | 3s2 | 3p1 | ||||||||||||||
2 | 8 | 3 | ||||||||||||||||
14 Si ซิลิกอน : [Ne] 3s2 3p2 | ||||||||||||||||||
1s2 | 2s2 | 2p6 | 3s2 | 3p2 | ||||||||||||||
2 | 8 | 4 | ||||||||||||||||
15 P ฟอสฟอรัส : [Ne] 3s2 3p3 | ||||||||||||||||||
1s2 | 2s2 | 2p6 | 3s2 | 3p3 | ||||||||||||||
2 | 8 | 5 | ||||||||||||||||
16 S กำมะถัน : [Ne] 3s2 3p4 | ||||||||||||||||||
1s2 | 2s2 | 2p6 | 3s2 | 3p4 | ||||||||||||||
2 | 8 | 6 | ||||||||||||||||
17 Cl คลอรีน : [Ne] 3s2 3p5 | ||||||||||||||||||
1s2 | 2s2 | 2p6 | 3s2 | 3p5 | ||||||||||||||
2 | 8 | 7 | ||||||||||||||||
18 Ar อาร์กอน : [Ne] 3s2 3p6 | ||||||||||||||||||
1s2 | 2s2 | 2p6 | 3s2 | 3p6 | ||||||||||||||
2 | 8 | 8 | ||||||||||||||||
19 K โพแทสเซียม : [Ar] 4s1 | ||||||||||||||||||
1s2 | 2s2 | 2p6 | 3s2 | 3p6 | 4s1 | |||||||||||||
2 | 8 | 8 | 1 | |||||||||||||||
20 Ca แคลเซียม : [Ar] 4s2 | ||||||||||||||||||
1s2 | 2s2 | 2p6 | 3s2 | 3p6 | 4s2 | |||||||||||||
2 | 8 | 8 | 2 | |||||||||||||||
21 Sc สแคนเดียม : [Ar] 3d1 4s2 | ||||||||||||||||||
1s2 | 2s2 | 2p6 | 3s2 | 3p6 | 3d1 | 4s2 | ||||||||||||
2 | 8 | 9 | 2 | |||||||||||||||
22 Ti ไทเทเนียม : [Ar] 3d2 4s2 | ||||||||||||||||||
1s2 | 2s2 | 2p6 | 3s2 | 3p6 | 3d2 | 4s2 | ||||||||||||
2 | 8 | 10 | 2 | |||||||||||||||
23 V วาเนเดียม : [Ar] 3d3 4s2 | ||||||||||||||||||
1s2 | 2s2 | 2p6 | 3s2 | 3p6 | 3d3 | 4s2 | ||||||||||||
2 | 8 | 11 | 2 | |||||||||||||||
24 Cr โครเมียม : [Ar] 3d5 4s1 | ||||||||||||||||||
1s2 | 2s2 | 2p6 | 3s2 | 3p6 | 3d5 | 4s1 | ||||||||||||
2 | 8 | 13 | 1 | |||||||||||||||
25 Mn แมงกานีส : [Ar] 3d5 4s2 | ||||||||||||||||||
1s2 | 2s2 | 2p6 | 3s2 | 3p6 | 3d5 | 4s2 | ||||||||||||
2 | 8 | 13 | 2 | |||||||||||||||
26 Fe เหล็ก : [Ar] 3d6 4s2 | ||||||||||||||||||
1s2 | 2s2 | 2p6 | 3s2 | 3p6 | 3d6 | 4s2 | ||||||||||||
2 | 8 | 14 | 2 | |||||||||||||||
27 Co โคบอลต์ : [Ar] 3d7 4s2 | ||||||||||||||||||
1s2 | 2s2 | 2p6 | 3s2 | 3p6 | 3d7 | 4s2 | ||||||||||||
2 | 8 | 15 | 2 | |||||||||||||||
28 Ni นิกเกิล : [Ar] 3d8 4s2 | ||||||||||||||||||
1s2 | 2s2 | 2p6 | 3s2 | 3p6 | 3d8 | 4s2 | ||||||||||||
2 | 8 | 16 | 2 | |||||||||||||||
29 Cu ทองแดง : [Ar] 3d10 4s1 | ||||||||||||||||||
1s2 | 2s2 | 2p6 | 3s2 | 3p6 | 3d10 | 4s1 | ||||||||||||
2 | 8 | 18 | 1 | |||||||||||||||
30 Zn สังกะสี : [Ar] 3d10 4s2 | ||||||||||||||||||
1s2 | 2s2 | 2p6 | 3s2 | 3p6 | 3d10 | 4s2 | ||||||||||||
2 | 8 | 18 | 2 | |||||||||||||||
31 Ga แกลเลียม : [Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p1 | ||||||||||||||||||
1s2 | 2s2 | 2p6 | 3s2 | 3p6 | 3d10 | 4s2 | 4p1 | |||||||||||
2 | 8 | 18 | 3 | |||||||||||||||
32 Ge เจอร์เมเนียม : [Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p2 | ||||||||||||||||||
1s2 | 2s2 | 2p6 | 3s2 | 3p6 | 3d10 | 4s2 | 4p2 | |||||||||||
2 | 8 | 18 | 4 | |||||||||||||||
33 As สารหนู : [Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p3 | ||||||||||||||||||
1s2 | 2s2 | 2p6 | 3s2 | 3p6 | 3d10 | 4s2 | 4p3 | |||||||||||
2 | 8 | 18 | 5 | |||||||||||||||
34 Se ซีลีเนียม : [Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p4 | ||||||||||||||||||
1s2 | 2s2 | 2p6 | 3s2 | 3p6 | 3d10 | 4s2 | 4p4 | |||||||||||
2 | 8 | 18 | 6 | |||||||||||||||
35 Br โบรมีน : [Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p5 | ||||||||||||||||||
1s2 | 2s2 | 2p6 | 3s2 | 3p6 | 3d10 | 4s2 | 4p5 | |||||||||||
2 | 8 | 18 | 7 | |||||||||||||||
36 Kr คริปทอน : [Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p6 | ||||||||||||||||||
1s2 | 2s2 | 2p6 | 3s2 | 3p6 | 3d10 | 4s2 | 4p6 | |||||||||||
2 | 8 | 18 | 8 | |||||||||||||||
37 Rb รูบิเดียม : [Kr] 5s1 | ||||||||||||||||||
1s2 | 2s2 | 2p6 | 3s2 | 3p6 | 3d10 | 4s2 | 4p6 | 5s1 | ||||||||||
2 | 8 | 18 | 8 | 1 | ||||||||||||||
38 Sr สตรอนเชียม : [Kr] 5s2 | ||||||||||||||||||
1s2 | 2s2 | 2p6 | 3s2 | 3p6 | 3d10 | 4s2 | 4p6 | 5s2 | ||||||||||
2 | 8 | 18 | 8 | 2 | ||||||||||||||
39 Y อิตเทรียม : [Kr] 4d1 5s2 | ||||||||||||||||||
1s2 | 2s2 | 2p6 | 3s2 | 3p6 | 3d10 | 4s2 | 4p6 | 4d1 | 5s2 | |||||||||
2 | 8 | 18 | 9 | 2 | ||||||||||||||
40 Zr เซอร์โคเนียม : [Kr] 4d2 5s2 | ||||||||||||||||||
1s2 | 2s2 | 2p6 | 3s2 | 3p6 | 3d10 | 4s2 | 4p6 | 4d2 | 5s2 | |||||||||
2 | 8 | 18 | 10 | 2 | ||||||||||||||
41 Nb ไนโอเบียม : [Kr] 4d4 5s1 | ||||||||||||||||||
1s2 | 2s2 | 2p6 | 3s2 | 3p6 | 3d10 | 4s2 | 4p6 | 4d4 | 5s1 | |||||||||
2 | 8 | 18 | 12 | 1 | ||||||||||||||
42 Mo โมลิบดีนัม : [Kr] 4d5 5s1 | ||||||||||||||||||
1s2 | 2s2 | 2p6 | 3s2 | 3p6 | 3d10 | 4s2 | 4p6 | 4d5 | 5s1 | |||||||||
2 | 8 | 18 | 13 | 1 | ||||||||||||||
43 Tc เทคนีเชียม : [Kr] 4d5 5s2 | ||||||||||||||||||
1s2 | 2s2 | 2p6 | 3s2 | 3p6 | 3d10 | 4s2 | 4p6 | 4d5 | 5s2 | |||||||||
2 | 8 | 18 | 13 | 2 | ||||||||||||||
44 Ru รูทีเนียม : [Kr] 4d7 5s1 | ||||||||||||||||||
1s2 | 2s2 | 2p6 | 3s2 | 3p6 | 3d10 | 4s2 | 4p6 | 4d7 | 5s1 | |||||||||
2 | 8 | 18 | 15 | 1 | ||||||||||||||
45 Rh โรเดียม : [Kr] 4d8 5s1 | ||||||||||||||||||
1s2 | 2s2 | 2p6 | 3s2 | 3p6 | 3d10 | 4s2 | 4p6 | 4d8 | 5s1 | |||||||||
2 | 8 | 18 | 16 | 1 | ||||||||||||||
46 Pd แพลเลเดียม : [Kr] 4d10 | ||||||||||||||||||
1s2 | 2s2 | 2p6 | 3s2 | 3p6 | 3d10 | 4s2 | 4p6 | 4d10 | ||||||||||
2 | 8 | 18 | 18 | |||||||||||||||
47 Ag เงิน : [Kr] 4d10 5s1 | ||||||||||||||||||
1s2 | 2s2 | 2p6 | 3s2 | 3p6 | 3d10 | 4s2 | 4p6 | 4d10 | 5s1 | |||||||||
2 | 8 | 18 | 18 | 1 | ||||||||||||||
48 Cd แคดเมียม : [Kr] 4d10 5s2 | ||||||||||||||||||
1s2 | 2s2 | 2p6 | 3s2 | 3p6 | 3d10 | 4s2 | 4p6 | 4d10 | 5s2 | |||||||||
2 | 8 | 18 | 18 | 2 | ||||||||||||||
49 In อินเดียม : [Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p1 | ||||||||||||||||||
1s2 | 2s2 | 2p6 | 3s2 | 3p6 | 3d10 | 4s2 | 4p6 | 4d10 | 5s2 | 5p1 | ||||||||
2 | 8 | 18 | 18 | 3 | ||||||||||||||
50 Sn ดีบุก : [Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p2 | ||||||||||||||||||
1s2 | 2s2 | 2p6 | 3s2 | 3p6 | 3d10 | 4s2 | 4p6 | 4d10 | 5s2 | 5p2 | ||||||||
2 | 8 | 18 | 18 | 4 | ||||||||||||||
51 Sb พลวง : [Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p3 | ||||||||||||||||||
1s2 | 2s2 | 2p6 | 3s2 | 3p6 | 3d10 | 4s2 | 4p6 | 4d10 | 5s2 | 5p3 | ||||||||
2 | 8 | 18 | 18 | 5 | ||||||||||||||
52 Te เทลลูเรียม : [Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p4 | ||||||||||||||||||
1s2 | 2s2 | 2p6 | 3s2 | 3p6 | 3d10 | 4s2 | 4p6 | 4d10 | 5s2 | 5p4 | ||||||||
2 | 8 | 18 | 18 | 6 | ||||||||||||||
53 I ไอโอดีน : [Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p5 | ||||||||||||||||||
1s2 | 2s2 | 2p6 | 3s2 | 3p6 | 3d10 | 4s2 | 4p6 | 4d10 | 5s2 | 5p5 | ||||||||
2 | 8 | 18 | 18 | 7 | ||||||||||||||
54 Xe ซีนอน : [Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p6 | ||||||||||||||||||
1s2 | 2s2 | 2p6 | 3s2 | 3p6 | 3d10 | 4s2 | 4p6 | 4d10 | 5s2 | 5p6 | ||||||||
2 | 8 | 18 | 18 | 8 | ||||||||||||||
55 Cs ซีเซียม : [Xe] 6s1 | ||||||||||||||||||
1s2 | 2s2 | 2p6 | 3s2 | 3p6 | 3d10 | 4s2 | 4p6 | 4d10 | 5s2 | 5p6 | 6s1 | |||||||
2 | 8 | 18 | 18 | 8 | 1 | |||||||||||||
56 Ba แบเรียม : [Xe] 6s2 | ||||||||||||||||||
1s2 | 2s2 | 2p6 | 3s2 | 3p6 | 3d10 | 4s2 | 4p6 | 4d10 | 5s2 | 5p6 | 6s2 | |||||||
2 | 8 | 18 | 18 | 8 | 2 | |||||||||||||
57 La แลนทานัม : [Xe] 5d1 6s2 | ||||||||||||||||||
1s2 | 2s2 | 2p6 | 3s2 | 3p6 | 3d10 | 4s2 | 4p6 | 4d10 | 5s2 | 5p6 | 5d1 | 6s2 | ||||||
2 | 8 | 18 | 18 | 9 | 2 | |||||||||||||
58 Ce ซีเรียม : [Xe] 4f1 5d1 6s2 | ||||||||||||||||||
1s2 | 2s2 | 2p6 | 3s2 | 3p6 | 3d10 | 4s2 | 4p6 | 4d10 | 4f1 | 5s2 | 5p6 | 5d1 | 6s2 | |||||
2 | 8 | 18 | 19 | 9 | 2 | |||||||||||||
59 Pr เพรซีโอดิเมียม : [Xe] 4f3 6s2 | ||||||||||||||||||
1s2 | 2s2 | 2p6 | 3s2 | 3p6 | 3d10 | 4s2 | 4p6 | 4d10 | 4f3 | 5s2 | 5p6 | 6s2 | ||||||
2 | 8 | 18 | 21 | 8 | 2 | |||||||||||||
60 Nd นีโอดิเมียม : [Xe] 4f4 6s2 | ||||||||||||||||||
1s2 | 2s2 | 2p6 | 3s2 | 3p6 | 3d10 | 4s2 | 4p6 | 4d10 | 4f4 | 5s2 | 5p6 | 6s2 | ||||||
2 | 8 | 18 | 22 | 8 | 2 | |||||||||||||
61 Pm โพรมีเทียม : [Xe] 4f5 6s2 | ||||||||||||||||||
1s2 | 2s2 | 2p6 | 3s2 | 3p6 | 3d10 | 4s2 | 4p6 | 4d10 | 4f5 | 5s2 | 5p6 | 6s2 | ||||||
2 | 8 | 18 | 23 | 8 | 2 | |||||||||||||
62 Sm ซาแมเรียม : [Xe] 4f6 6s2 | ||||||||||||||||||
1s2 | 2s2 | 2p6 | 3s2 | 3p6 | 3d10 | 4s2 | 4p6 | 4d10 | 4f6 | 5s2 | 5p6 | 6s2 | ||||||
2 | 8 | 18 | 24 | 8 | 2 | |||||||||||||
63 Eu ยูโรเพียม : [Xe] 4f7 6s2 | ||||||||||||||||||
1s2 | 2s2 | 2p6 | 3s2 | 3p6 | 3d10 | 4s2 | 4p6 | 4d10 | 4f7 | 5s2 | 5p6 | 6s2 | ||||||
2 | 8 | 18 | 25 | 8 | 2 | |||||||||||||
64 Gd แกโดลิเนียม : [Xe] 4f7 5d1 6s2 | ||||||||||||||||||
1s2 | 2s2 | 2p6 | 3s2 | 3p6 | 3d10 | 4s2 | 4p6 | 4d10 | 4f7 | 5s2 | 5p6 | 5d1 | 6s2 | |||||
2 | 8 | 18 | 25 | 9 | 2 | |||||||||||||
65 Tb เทอร์เบียม : [Xe] 4f9 6s2 | ||||||||||||||||||
1s2 | 2s2 | 2p6 | 3s2 | 3p6 | 3d10 | 4s2 | 4p6 | 4d10 | 4f9 | 5s2 | 5p6 | 6s2 | ||||||
2 | 8 | 18 | 27 | 8 | 2 | |||||||||||||
66 Dy ดิสโพรเซียม : [Xe] 4f10 6s2 | ||||||||||||||||||
1s2 | 2s2 | 2p6 | 3s2 | 3p6 | 3d10 | 4s2 | 4p6 | 4d10 | 4f10 | 5s2 | 5p6 | 6s2 | ||||||
2 | 8 | 18 | 28 | 8 | 2 | |||||||||||||
67 Ho โฮลเมียม : [Xe] 4f11 6s2 | ||||||||||||||||||
1s2 | 2s2 | 2p6 | 3s2 | 3p6 | 3d10 | 4s2 | 4p6 | 4d10 | 4f11 | 5s2 | 5p6 | 6s2 | ||||||
2 | 8 | 18 | 29 | 8 | 2 | |||||||||||||
68 Er เออร์เบียม : [Xe] 4f12 6s2 | ||||||||||||||||||
1s2 | 2s2 | 2p6 | 3s2 | 3p6 | 3d10 | 4s2 | 4p6 | 4d10 | 4f12 | 5s2 | 5p6 | 6s2 | ||||||
2 | 8 | 18 | 30 | 8 | 2 | |||||||||||||
69 Tm ทูเลียม : [Xe] 4f13 6s2 | ||||||||||||||||||
1s2 | 2s2 | 2p6 | 3s2 | 3p6 | 3d10 | 4s2 | 4p6 | 4d10 | 4f13 | 5s2 | 5p6 | 6s2 | ||||||
2 | 8 | 18 | 31 | 8 | 2 | |||||||||||||
70 Yb อิตเทอร์เบียม : [Xe] 4f14 6s2 | ||||||||||||||||||
1s2 | 2s2 | 2p6 | 3s2 | 3p6 | 3d10 | 4s2 | 4p6 | 4d10 | 4f14 | 5s2 | 5p6 | 6s2 | ||||||
2 | 8 | 18 | 32 | 8 | 2 | |||||||||||||
71 Lu ลูทีเตียม : [Xe] 4f14 5d1 6s2 | ||||||||||||||||||
1s2 | 2s2 | 2p6 | 3s2 | 3p6 | 3d10 | 4s2 | 4p6 | 4d10 | 4f14 | 5s2 | 5p6 | 5d1 | 6s2 | |||||
2 | 8 | 18 | 32 | 9 | 2 | |||||||||||||
72 Hf แฮฟเนียม : [Xe] 4f14 5d2 6s2 | ||||||||||||||||||
1s2 | 2s2 | 2p6 | 3s2 | 3p6 | 3d10 | 4s2 | 4p6 | 4d10 | 4f14 | 5s2 | 5p6 | 5d2 | 6s2 | |||||
2 | 8 | 18 | 32 | 10 | 2 | |||||||||||||
73 Ta แทนทาลัม : [Xe] 4f14 5d3 6s2 | ||||||||||||||||||
1s2 | 2s2 | 2p6 | 3s2 | 3p6 | 3d10 | 4s2 | 4p6 | 4d10 | 4f14 | 5s2 | 5p6 | 5d3 | 6s2 | |||||
2 | 8 | 18 | 32 | 11 | 2 | |||||||||||||
74 W ทังสเตน : [Xe] 4f14 5d4 6s2 | ||||||||||||||||||
1s2 | 2s2 | 2p6 | 3s2 | 3p6 | 3d10 | 4s2 | 4p6 | 4d10 | 4f14 | 5s2 | 5p6 | 5d4 | 6s2 | |||||
2 | 8 | 18 | 32 | 12 | 2 | |||||||||||||
75 Re รีเนียม : [Xe] 4f14 5d5 6s2 | ||||||||||||||||||
1s2 | 2s2 | 2p6 | 3s2 | 3p6 | 3d10 | 4s2 | 4p6 | 4d10 | 4f14 | 5s2 | 5p6 | 5d5 | 6s2 | |||||
2 | 8 | 18 | 32 | 13 | 2 | |||||||||||||
76 Os ออสเมียม : [Xe] 4f14 5d6 6s2 | ||||||||||||||||||
1s2 | 2s2 | 2p6 | 3s2 | 3p6 | 3d10 | 4s2 | 4p6 | 4d10 | 4f14 | 5s2 | 5p6 | 5d6 | 6s2 | |||||
2 | 8 | 18 | 32 | 14 | 2 | |||||||||||||
77 Ir อิริเดียม : [Xe] 4f14 5d7 6s2 | ||||||||||||||||||
1s2 | 2s2 | 2p6 | 3s2 | 3p6 | 3d10 | 4s2 | 4p6 | 4d10 | 4f14 | 5s2 | 5p6 | 5d7 | 6s2 | |||||
2 | 8 | 18 | 32 | 15 | 2 | |||||||||||||
78 Pt แพลทินัม : [Xe] 4f14 5d9 6s1 | ||||||||||||||||||
1s2 | 2s2 | 2p6 | 3s2 | 3p6 | 3d10 | 4s2 | 4p6 | 4d10 | 4f14 | 5s2 | 5p6 | 5d9 | 6s1 | |||||
2 | 8 | 18 | 32 | 17 | 1 | |||||||||||||
79 Au ทองคำ : [Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s1 | ||||||||||||||||||
1s2 | 2s2 | 2p6 | 3s2 | 3p6 | 3d10 | 4s2 | 4p6 | 4d10 | 4f14 | 5s2 | 5p6 | 5d10 | 6s1 | |||||
2 | 8 | 18 | 32 | 18 | 1 | |||||||||||||
80 Hg ปรอท : [Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 | ||||||||||||||||||
1s2 | 2s2 | 2p6 | 3s2 | 3p6 | 3d10 | 4s2 | 4p6 | 4d10 | 4f14 | 5s2 | 5p6 | 5d10 | 6s2 | |||||
2 | 8 | 18 | 32 | 18 | 2 | |||||||||||||
81 Tl แทลเลียม : [Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p1 | ||||||||||||||||||
1s2 | 2s2 | 2p6 | 3s2 | 3p6 | 3d10 | 4s2 | 4p6 | 4d10 | 4f14 | 5s2 | 5p6 | 5d10 | 6s2 | 6p1 | ||||
2 | 8 | 18 | 32 | 18 | 3 | |||||||||||||
82 Pb ตะกั่ว : [Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p2 | ||||||||||||||||||
1s2 | 2s2 | 2p6 | 3s2 | 3p6 | 3d10 | 4s2 | 4p6 | 4d10 | 4f14 | 5s2 | 5p6 | 5d10 | 6s2 | 6p2 | ||||
2 | 8 | 18 | 32 | 18 | 4 | |||||||||||||
83 Bi บิสมัท : [Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p3 | ||||||||||||||||||
1s2 | 2s2 | 2p6 | 3s2 | 3p6 | 3d10 | 4s2 | 4p6 | 4d10 | 4f14 | 5s2 | 5p6 | 5d10 | 6s2 | 6p3 | ||||
2 | 8 | 18 | 32 | 18 | 5 | |||||||||||||
84 Po พอโลเนียม : [Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p4 | ||||||||||||||||||
1s2 | 2s2 | 2p6 | 3s2 | 3p6 | 3d10 | 4s2 | 4p6 | 4d10 | 4f14 | 5s2 | 5p6 | 5d10 | 6s2 | 6p4 | ||||
2 | 8 | 18 | 32 | 18 | 6 | |||||||||||||
85 At แอสทาทีน : [Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p5 | ||||||||||||||||||
1s2 | 2s2 | 2p6 | 3s2 | 3p6 | 3d10 | 4s2 | 4p6 | 4d10 | 4f14 | 5s2 | 5p6 | 5d10 | 6s2 | 6p5 | ||||
2 | 8 | 18 | 32 | 18 | 7 | |||||||||||||
86 Rn เรดอน : [Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p6 | ||||||||||||||||||
1s2 | 2s2 | 2p6 | 3s2 | 3p6 | 3d10 | 4s2 | 4p6 | 4d10 | 4f14 | 5s2 | 5p6 | 5d10 | 6s2 | 6p6 | ||||
2 | 8 | 18 | 32 | 18 | 8 | |||||||||||||
87 Fr แฟรนเซียม : [Rn] 7s1 | ||||||||||||||||||
1s2 | 2s2 | 2p6 | 3s2 | 3p6 | 3d10 | 4s2 | 4p6 | 4d10 | 4f14 | 5s2 | 5p6 | 5d10 | 6s2 | 6p6 | 7s1 | |||
2 | 8 | 18 | 32 | 18 | 8 | 1 | ||||||||||||
88 Ra เรเดียม : [Rn] 7s2 | ||||||||||||||||||
1s2 | 2s2 | 2p6 | 3s2 | 3p6 | 3d10 | 4s2 | 4p6 | 4d10 | 4f14 | 5s2 | 5p6 | 5d10 | 6s2 | 6p6 | 7s2 | |||
2 | 8 | 18 | 32 | 18 | 8 | 2 | ||||||||||||
89 Ac แอกทิเนียม : [Rn] 6d1 7s2 | ||||||||||||||||||
1s2 | 2s2 | 2p6 | 3s2 | 3p6 | 3d10 | 4s2 | 4p6 | 4d10 | 4f14 | 5s2 | 5p6 | 5d10 | 6s2 | 6p6 | 6d1 | 7s2 | ||
2 | 8 | 18 | 32 | 18 | 9 | 2 | ||||||||||||
90 Th ทอเรียม : [Rn] 6d2 7s2 | ||||||||||||||||||
1s2 | 2s2 | 2p6 | 3s2 | 3p6 | 3d10 | 4s2 | 4p6 | 4d10 | 4f14 | 5s2 | 5p6 | 5d10 | 6s2 | 6p6 | 6d2 | 7s2 | ||
2 | 8 | 18 | 32 | 18 | 10 | 2 | ||||||||||||
91 Pa โพรแทกทิเนียม : [Rn] 5f2 6d1 7s2 | ||||||||||||||||||
1s2 | 2s2 | 2p6 | 3s2 | 3p6 | 3d10 | 4s2 | 4p6 | 4d10 | 4f14 | 5s2 | 5p6 | 5d10 | 5f2 | 6s2 | 6p6 | 6d1 | 7s2 | |
2 | 8 | 18 | 32 | 20 | 9 | 2 | ||||||||||||
92 U ยูเรเนียม : [Rn] 5f3 6d1 7s2 | ||||||||||||||||||
1s2 | 2s2 | 2p6 | 3s2 | 3p6 | 3d10 | 4s2 | 4p6 | 4d10 | 4f14 | 5s2 | 5p6 | 5d10 | 5f3 | 6s2 | 6p6 | 6d1 | 7s2 | |
2 | 8 | 18 | 32 | 21 | 9 | 2 | ||||||||||||
93 Np เนปทูเนียม : [Rn] 5f4 6d1 7s2 | ||||||||||||||||||
1s2 | 2s2 | 2p6 | 3s2 | 3p6 | 3d10 | 4s2 | 4p6 | 4d10 | 4f14 | 5s2 | 5p6 | 5d10 | 5f4 | 6s2 | 6p6 | 6d1 | 7s2 | |
2 | 8 | 18 | 32 | 22 | 9 | 2 | ||||||||||||
94 Pu พลูโทเนียม : [Rn] 5f6 7s2 | ||||||||||||||||||
1s2 | 2s2 | 2p6 | 3s2 | 3p6 | 3d10 | 4s2 | 4p6 | 4d10 | 4f14 | 5s2 | 5p6 | 5d10 | 5f6 | 6s2 | 6p6 | 7s2 | ||
2 | 8 | 18 | 32 | 24 | 8 | 2 | ||||||||||||
95 Am อะเมริเซียม : [Rn] 5f7 7s2 | ||||||||||||||||||
1s2 | 2s2 | 2p6 | 3s2 | 3p6 | 3d10 | 4s2 | 4p6 | 4d10 | 4f14 | 5s2 | 5p6 | 5d10 | 5f7 | 6s2 | 6p6 | 7s2 | ||
2 | 8 | 18 | 32 | 25 | 8 | 2 | ||||||||||||
96 Cm คูเรียม : [Rn] 5f7 6d1 7s2 | ||||||||||||||||||
1s2 | 2s2 | 2p6 | 3s2 | 3p6 | 3d10 | 4s2 | 4p6 | 4d10 | 4f14 | 5s2 | 5p6 | 5d10 | 5f7 | 6s2 | 6p6 | 6d1 | 7s2 | |
2 | 8 | 18 | 32 | 25 | 9 | 2 | ||||||||||||
97 Bk เบอร์คีเลียม : [Rn] 5f9 7s2 | ||||||||||||||||||
1s2 | 2s2 | 2p6 | 3s2 | 3p6 | 3d10 | 4s2 | 4p6 | 4d10 | 4f14 | 5s2 | 5p6 | 5d10 | 5f9 | 6s2 | 6p6 | 7s2 | ||
2 | 8 | 18 | 32 | 27 | 8 | 2 | ||||||||||||
98 Cf แคลิฟอร์เนียม : [Rn] 5f10 7s2 | ||||||||||||||||||
1s2 | 2s2 | 2p6 | 3s2 | 3p6 | 3d10 | 4s2 | 4p6 | 4d10 | 4f14 | 5s2 | 5p6 | 5d10 | 5f10 | 6s2 | 6p6 | 7s2 | ||
2 | 8 | 18 | 32 | 28 | 8 | 2 | ||||||||||||
99 Es ไอน์สไตเนียม : [Rn] 5f11 7s2 | ||||||||||||||||||
1s2 | 2s2 | 2p6 | 3s2 | 3p6 | 3d10 | 4s2 | 4p6 | 4d10 | 4f14 | 5s2 | 5p6 | 5d10 | 5f11 | 6s2 | 6p6 | 7s2 | ||
2 | 8 | 18 | 32 | 29 | 8 | 2 | ||||||||||||
100 Fm เฟอร์เมียม : [Rn] 5f12 7s2 | ||||||||||||||||||
1s2 | 2s2 | 2p6 | 3s2 | 3p6 | 3d10 | 4s2 | 4p6 | 4d10 | 4f14 | 5s2 | 5p6 | 5d10 | 5f12 | 6s2 | 6p6 | 7s2 | ||
2 | 8 | 18 | 32 | 30 | 8 | 2 | ||||||||||||
101 Md เมนเดลีเวียม : [Rn] 5f13 7s2 | ||||||||||||||||||
1s2 | 2s2 | 2p6 | 3s2 | 3p6 | 3d10 | 4s2 | 4p6 | 4d10 | 4f14 | 5s2 | 5p6 | 5d10 | 5f13 | 6s2 | 6p6 | 7s2 | ||
2 | 8 | 18 | 32 | 31 | 8 | 2 | ||||||||||||
102 No โนเบเลียม : [Rn] 5f14 7s2 | ||||||||||||||||||
1s2 | 2s2 | 2p6 | 3s2 | 3p6 | 3d10 | 4s2 | 4p6 | 4d10 | 4f14 | 5s2 | 5p6 | 5d10 | 5f14 | 6s2 | 6p6 | 7s2 | ||
2 | 8 | 18 | 32 | 32 | 8 | 2 | ||||||||||||
103 Lr ลอว์เรนเซียม : probably [Rn] 5f14 7s2 7p1 | ||||||||||||||||||
1s2 | 2s2 | 2p6 | 3s2 | 3p6 | 3d10 | 4s2 | 4p6 | 4d10 | 4f14 | 5s2 | 5p6 | 5d10 | 5f14 | 6s2 | 6p6 | 7s2 | 7p1 | |
2 | 8 | 18 | 32 | 32 | 8 | 3 | ||||||||||||
104 Rf รัทเทอร์ฟอร์เดียม : probably [Rn] 5f14 6d2 7s2 | ||||||||||||||||||
1s2 | 2s2 | 2p6 | 3s2 | 3p6 | 3d10 | 4s2 | 4p6 | 4d10 | 4f14 | 5s2 | 5p6 | 5d10 | 5f14 | 6s2 | 6p6 | 6d2 | 7s2 | |
2 | 8 | 18 | 32 | 32 | 10 | 2 |
อ้างอิง
All sources concur with the data above except in the separately listed instances:
- NIST
- http://physics.nist.gov/PhysRefData/IonEnergy/ionEnergy.html ; retrieved July 2005, (elements 1-104) อ้างต้นฉบับ ได้แก่
- Atomic Spectroscopy, by W.C. Martin and W.L. Wiese in Atomic, Molecular, & Optical Physics Handbook, ed. by G.W.F. Drake (AIP, Woodbury, NY, 1996) Chapter 10, pp. 135-153.
โดย CRC Handbook บทที่ 1 subsection Electron Configuration of Neutral Atoms in the Ground State.
- 91 Pa : [Rn] 5f2(3H4) 6d 7s2
- 92 U : [Rn] 5f3(4Io9/2) 6d 7s2
- 93 Np : [Rn] 5f4(5I4) 6d 7s2
- 103 Lr : [Rn] 5f14 7s2 7p1 question-marked
- 104 Rf : [Rn] 5f14 6d2 7s2 question-marked
- CRC
- David R. Lide (ed), CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 84th Edition, online version. CRC Press. Boca Raton, Florida, 2003; Section 1, Basic Constants, Units, and Conversion Factors; Electron Configuration of Neutral Atoms in the Ground State. (elements 1-104)
- Also subsection Periodic Table of the Elements, (elements 1-103) อ้างต้นฉบับ ได้แก่
- G. J. Leigh, Editor, Nomenclature of Inorganic Chemistry, Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, 1990.
- Chemical and Engineering News, 63(5), 27, 1985.
- Atomic Weights of the Elements, 1999, Pure & Appl. Chem., 73, 667, 2001.
- WebElements
- http://www.webelements.com/ อ้างต้นฉบับได้แก่
- Atomic, Molecular, & Optical Physics Handbook, Ed. Gordon W. F. Drake, American Institute of Physics, Woodbury, New York, USA, 1996.
- J.E. Huheey, E.A. Keiter, and R.L. Keiter in Inorganic Chemistry : Principles of Structure and Reactivity, 4th edition, HarperCollins, New York, USA, 1993.
- R.L. DeKock and H.B. Gray in Chemical Structure and bonding, Benjamin/Cummings, Menlo Park, California, USA, 1980.
- A.M. James and M.P. Lord in Macmillan's Chemical and Physical Data, Macmillan, London, UK, 1992.
- http://www.webelements.com/ อ้างต้นฉบับได้แก่
- 103 Lr : [Rn].5f14.7s2.7p1 tentative ; 2.8.18.32.32.9.2 [inconsistent]
- 104 Rf : [Rn].5f14.6d2.7s2 tentative
- 105 Db : [Rn].5f14.6d3.7s2 (a guess based upon that of tantalum) ; 2.8.18.32.32.11.2
- 106 Sg : [Rn].5f14.6d4.7s2 (a guess based upon that of tungsten) ; 2.8.18.32.32.12.2
- 107 Bh : [Rn].5f14.6d5.7s2 (a guess based upon that of rhenium) ; 2.8.18.32.32.13.2
- 108 Hs : [Rn].5f14.6d6.7s2 (a guess based upon that of osmium) ; 2.8.18.32.32.14.2
- 109 Mt : [Rn].5f14.6d7.7s2 (a guess based upon that of iridium) ; 2.8.18.32.32.15.2
- 110 Ds : [Rn].5f14.6d9.7s1 (a guess based upon that of platinum) ; 2.8.18.32.32.17.1
- 111 Rg : [Rn].5f14.6d10.7s1 (a guess based upon that of gold) ; 2.8.18.32.32.18.1
- 112 Uub : [Rn].5f14.6d10.7s2 (a guess based upon that of mercury) ; 2.8.18.32.32.18.2
- 113 Uut : [Rn].5f14.6d10.7s2.7p1 (a guess based upon that of thallium) ; 2.8.18.32.32.18.3
- 114 Uuq : [Rn].5f14.6d10.7s2.7p2 (a guess based upon that of lead) ; 2.8.18.32.32.18.4
- 115 Uup : [Rn].5f14.6d10.7s2.7p3 (a guess based upon that of bismuth) ; 2.8.18.32.32.18.5
- 116 Uuh : [Rn].5f14.6d10.7s2.7p4 (a guess based upon that of polonium) ; 2.8.18.32.32.18.6
- 117 Uus : [Rn].5f14.6d10.7s2.7p5 (a guess based upon that of astatine) ; 2.8.18.32.32.18.7
- 118 Uuo : [Rn].5f14.6d10.7s2.7p6 (a guess based upon that of radon) ; 2.8.18.32.32.18.8
- Lange
- J.A. Dean (ed), Lange's Handbook of Chemistry (15th Edition), online version, McGraw-Hill, 1999; Section 4, Table 4.1 Electronic Configuration and Properties of the Elements. (Elements 1-103)
- 97 Bk : [Rn] 5f8 6d 7s2
- 103 Lr : [Rn] 4f14 [sic] 6d 7s2
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karcderiyngxielktrxnkarcderiyngxielktrxn khxngxatxm insthanaaeks insphawaphun ground state sutrkarekhiyn twelkhkhanghna hmaythung ladbkhxngchnyxy twelkhkhangbn hmaythung canwnxielktrxninchnyxy1 H ihodrecn 1s11s1 1 2 He hieliym 1s21s2 2 3 Li liethiym 1s2 2s11s2 2s1 2 1 4 Be ebrileliym 1s2 2s21s2 2s2 2 2 5 B obrxn 1s2 2s2 2p11s2 2s2 2p1 2 3 6 C kharbxn 1s2 2s2 2p21s2 2s2 2p2 2 4 7 N inotrecn 1s2 2s2 2p31s2 2s2 2p3 2 5 8 O xxksiecn 1s2 2s2 2p41s2 2s2 2p4 2 6 9 F fluxxrin 1s2 2s2 2p51s2 2s2 2p5 2 7 10 Ne nixxn 1s2 2s2 2p61s2 2s2 2p6 2 8 11 Na osediym Ne 3s11s2 2s2 2p6 3s1 2 8 1 12 Mg aemkniesiym Ne 3s21s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 2 8 2 13 Al xalumieniym Ne 3s2 3p11s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p1 2 8 3 14 Si silikxn Ne 3s2 3p21s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p2 2 8 4 15 P fxsfxrs Ne 3s2 3p31s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p3 2 8 5 16 S kamathn Ne 3s2 3p41s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p4 2 8 6 17 Cl khlxrin Ne 3s2 3p51s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p5 2 8 7 18 Ar xarkxn Ne 3s2 3p61s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 2 8 8 19 K ophaethsesiym Ar 4s11s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s1 2 8 8 1 20 Ca aekhlesiym Ar 4s21s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 2 8 8 2 21 Sc saekhnediym Ar 3d1 4s21s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d1 4s2 2 8 9 2 22 Ti ithetheniym Ar 3d2 4s21s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d2 4s2 2 8 10 2 23 V waenediym Ar 3d3 4s21s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d3 4s2 2 8 11 2 24 Cr okhremiym Ar 3d5 4s11s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d5 4s1 2 8 13 1 25 Mn aemngkanis Ar 3d5 4s21s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d5 4s2 2 8 13 2 26 Fe ehlk Ar 3d6 4s21s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d6 4s2 2 8 14 2 27 Co okhbxlt Ar 3d7 4s21s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d7 4s2 2 8 15 2 28 Ni nikekil Ar 3d8 4s21s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d8 4s2 2 8 16 2 29 Cu thxngaedng Ar 3d10 4s11s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s1 2 8 18 1 30 Zn sngkasi Ar 3d10 4s21s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 2 8 18 2 31 Ga aekleliym Ar 3d10 4s2 4p11s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p1 2 8 18 3 32 Ge ecxremeniym Ar 3d10 4s2 4p21s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p2 2 8 18 4 33 As sarhnu Ar 3d10 4s2 4p31s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p3 2 8 18 5 34 Se silieniym Ar 3d10 4s2 4p41s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p4 2 8 18 6 35 Br obrmin Ar 3d10 4s2 4p51s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p5 2 8 18 7 36 Kr khripthxn Ar 3d10 4s2 4p61s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 2 8 18 8 37 Rb rubiediym Kr 5s11s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 5s1 2 8 18 8 1 38 Sr strxnechiym Kr 5s21s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 5s2 2 8 18 8 2 39 Y xitethriym Kr 4d1 5s21s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d1 5s2 2 8 18 9 2 40 Zr esxrokheniym Kr 4d2 5s21s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d2 5s2 2 8 18 10 2 41 Nb inoxebiym Kr 4d4 5s11s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d4 5s1 2 8 18 12 1 42 Mo omlibdinm Kr 4d5 5s11s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d5 5s1 2 8 18 13 1 43 Tc ethkhniechiym Kr 4d5 5s21s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d5 5s2 2 8 18 13 2 44 Ru ruthieniym Kr 4d7 5s11s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d7 5s1 2 8 18 15 1 45 Rh orediym Kr 4d8 5s11s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d8 5s1 2 8 18 16 1 46 Pd aephlelediym Kr 4d101s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 2 8 18 18 47 Ag engin Kr 4d10 5s11s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 5s1 2 8 18 18 1 48 Cd aekhdemiym Kr 4d10 5s21s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 5s2 2 8 18 18 2 49 In xinediym Kr 4d10 5s2 5p11s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 5s2 5p1 2 8 18 18 3 50 Sn dibuk Kr 4d10 5s2 5p21s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 5s2 5p2 2 8 18 18 4 51 Sb phlwng Kr 4d10 5s2 5p31s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 5s2 5p3 2 8 18 18 5 52 Te ethllueriym Kr 4d10 5s2 5p41s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 5s2 5p4 2 8 18 18 6 53 I ixoxdin Kr 4d10 5s2 5p51s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 5s2 5p5 2 8 18 18 7 54 Xe sinxn Kr 4d10 5s2 5p61s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 5s2 5p6 2 8 18 18 8 55 Cs siesiym Xe 6s11s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 5s2 5p6 6s1 2 8 18 18 8 1 56 Ba aeberiym Xe 6s21s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 5s2 5p6 6s2 2 8 18 18 8 2 57 La aelnthanm Xe 5d1 6s21s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 5s2 5p6 5d1 6s2 2 8 18 18 9 2 58 Ce sieriym Xe 4f1 5d1 6s21s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 4f1 5s2 5p6 5d1 6s2 2 8 18 19 9 2 59 Pr ephrsioxdiemiym Xe 4f3 6s21s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 4f3 5s2 5p6 6s2 2 8 18 21 8 2 60 Nd nioxdiemiym Xe 4f4 6s21s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 4f4 5s2 5p6 6s2 2 8 18 22 8 2 61 Pm ophrmiethiym Xe 4f5 6s21s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 4f5 5s2 5p6 6s2 2 8 18 23 8 2 62 Sm saaemeriym Xe 4f6 6s21s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 4f6 5s2 5p6 6s2 2 8 18 24 8 2 63 Eu yuorephiym Xe 4f7 6s21s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 4f7 5s2 5p6 6s2 2 8 18 25 8 2 64 Gd aekodlieniym Xe 4f7 5d1 6s21s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 4f7 5s2 5p6 5d1 6s2 2 8 18 25 9 2 65 Tb ethxrebiym Xe 4f9 6s21s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 4f9 5s2 5p6 6s2 2 8 18 27 8 2 66 Dy disophresiym Xe 4f10 6s21s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 4f10 5s2 5p6 6s2 2 8 18 28 8 2 67 Ho ohlemiym Xe 4f11 6s21s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 4f11 5s2 5p6 6s2 2 8 18 29 8 2 68 Er exxrebiym Xe 4f12 6s21s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 4f12 5s2 5p6 6s2 2 8 18 30 8 2 69 Tm thueliym Xe 4f13 6s21s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 4f13 5s2 5p6 6s2 2 8 18 31 8 2 70 Yb xitethxrebiym Xe 4f14 6s21s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 4f14 5s2 5p6 6s2 2 8 18 32 8 2 71 Lu luthietiym Xe 4f14 5d1 6s21s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 4f14 5s2 5p6 5d1 6s2 2 8 18 32 9 2 72 Hf aehfeniym Xe 4f14 5d2 6s21s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 4f14 5s2 5p6 5d2 6s2 2 8 18 32 10 2 73 Ta aethnthalm Xe 4f14 5d3 6s21s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 4f14 5s2 5p6 5d3 6s2 2 8 18 32 11 2 74 W thngsetn Xe 4f14 5d4 6s21s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 4f14 5s2 5p6 5d4 6s2 2 8 18 32 12 2 75 Re rieniym Xe 4f14 5d5 6s21s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 4f14 5s2 5p6 5d5 6s2 2 8 18 32 13 2 76 Os xxsemiym Xe 4f14 5d6 6s21s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 4f14 5s2 5p6 5d6 6s2 2 8 18 32 14 2 77 Ir xiriediym Xe 4f14 5d7 6s21s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 4f14 5s2 5p6 5d7 6s2 2 8 18 32 15 2 78 Pt aephlthinm Xe 4f14 5d9 6s11s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 4f14 5s2 5p6 5d9 6s1 2 8 18 32 17 1 79 Au thxngkha Xe 4f14 5d10 6s11s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 4f14 5s2 5p6 5d10 6s1 2 8 18 32 18 1 80 Hg prxth Xe 4f14 5d10 6s21s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 4f14 5s2 5p6 5d10 6s2 2 8 18 32 18 2 81 Tl aethleliym Xe 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p11s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 4f14 5s2 5p6 5d10 6s2 6p1 2 8 18 32 18 3 82 Pb takw Xe 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p21s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 4f14 5s2 5p6 5d10 6s2 6p2 2 8 18 32 18 4 83 Bi bismth Xe 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p31s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 4f14 5s2 5p6 5d10 6s2 6p3 2 8 18 32 18 5 84 Po phxoleniym Xe 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p41s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 4f14 5s2 5p6 5d10 6s2 6p4 2 8 18 32 18 6 85 At aexsthathin Xe 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p51s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 4f14 5s2 5p6 5d10 6s2 6p5 2 8 18 32 18 7 86 Rn erdxn Xe 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p61s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 4f14 5s2 5p6 5d10 6s2 6p6 2 8 18 32 18 8 87 Fr aefrnesiym Rn 7s11s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 4f14 5s2 5p6 5d10 6s2 6p6 7s1 2 8 18 32 18 8 188 Ra erediym Rn 7s21s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 4f14 5s2 5p6 5d10 6s2 6p6 7s2 2 8 18 32 18 8 289 Ac aexkthieniym Rn 6d1 7s21s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 4f14 5s2 5p6 5d10 6s2 6p6 6d1 7s2 2 8 18 32 18 9 290 Th thxeriym Rn 6d2 7s21s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 4f14 5s2 5p6 5d10 6s2 6p6 6d2 7s2 2 8 18 32 18 10 291 Pa ophraethkthieniym Rn 5f2 6d1 7s21s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 4f14 5s2 5p6 5d10 5f2 6s2 6p6 6d1 7s2 2 8 18 32 20 9 292 U yuereniym Rn 5f3 6d1 7s21s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 4f14 5s2 5p6 5d10 5f3 6s2 6p6 6d1 7s2 2 8 18 32 21 9 293 Np enpthueniym Rn 5f4 6d1 7s21s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 4f14 5s2 5p6 5d10 5f4 6s2 6p6 6d1 7s2 2 8 18 32 22 9 294 Pu phluotheniym Rn 5f6 7s21s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 4f14 5s2 5p6 5d10 5f6 6s2 6p6 7s2 2 8 18 32 24 8 295 Am xaemriesiym Rn 5f7 7s21s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 4f14 5s2 5p6 5d10 5f7 6s2 6p6 7s2 2 8 18 32 25 8 296 Cm khueriym Rn 5f7 6d1 7s21s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 4f14 5s2 5p6 5d10 5f7 6s2 6p6 6d1 7s2 2 8 18 32 25 9 297 Bk ebxrkhieliym Rn 5f9 7s21s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 4f14 5s2 5p6 5d10 5f9 6s2 6p6 7s2 2 8 18 32 27 8 298 Cf aekhlifxreniym Rn 5f10 7s21s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 4f14 5s2 5p6 5d10 5f10 6s2 6p6 7s2 2 8 18 32 28 8 299 Es ixnsiteniym Rn 5f11 7s21s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 4f14 5s2 5p6 5d10 5f11 6s2 6p6 7s2 2 8 18 32 29 8 2100 Fm efxremiym Rn 5f12 7s21s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 4f14 5s2 5p6 5d10 5f12 6s2 6p6 7s2 2 8 18 32 30 8 2101 Md emnedliewiym Rn 5f13 7s21s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 4f14 5s2 5p6 5d10 5f13 6s2 6p6 7s2 2 8 18 32 31 8 2102 No onebeliym Rn 5f14 7s21s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 4f14 5s2 5p6 5d10 5f14 6s2 6p6 7s2 2 8 18 32 32 8 2103 Lr lxwernesiym probably Rn 5f14 7s2 7p11s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 4f14 5s2 5p6 5d10 5f14 6s2 6p6 7s2 7p12 8 18 32 32 8 3104 Rf rthethxrfxrediym probably Rn 5f14 6d2 7s21s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 4f14 5s2 5p6 5d10 5f14 6s2 6p6 6d2 7s2 2 8 18 32 32 10 2xangxingAll sources concur with the data above except in the separately listed instances NIST http physics nist gov PhysRefData IonEnergy ionEnergy html retrieved July 2005 elements 1 104 xangtnchbb idaek Atomic Spectroscopy by W C Martin and W L Wiese in Atomic Molecular amp Optical Physics Handbook ed by G W F Drake AIP Woodbury NY 1996 Chapter 10 pp 135 153 ody CRC Handbook bththi 1 subsection Electron Configuration of Neutral Atoms in the Ground State 91 Pa Rn 5f2 3H4 6d 7s2 92 U Rn 5f3 4Io9 2 6d 7s2 93 Np Rn 5f4 5I4 6d 7s2 103 Lr Rn 5f14 7s2 7p1 question marked 104 Rf Rn 5f14 6d2 7s2 question markedCRC David R Lide ed CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 84th Edition online version CRC Press Boca Raton Florida 2003 Section 1 Basic Constants Units and Conversion Factors Electron Configuration of Neutral Atoms in the Ground State elements 1 104 Also subsection Periodic Table of the Elements elements 1 103 xangtnchbb idaek G J Leigh Editor Nomenclature of Inorganic Chemistry Blackwell Scientific Publications Oxford 1990 Chemical and Engineering News 63 5 27 1985 Atomic Weights of the Elements 1999 Pure amp Appl Chem 73 667 2001 WebElements http www webelements com xangtnchbbidaek Atomic Molecular amp Optical Physics Handbook Ed Gordon W F Drake American Institute of Physics Woodbury New York USA 1996 J E Huheey E A Keiter and R L Keiter in Inorganic Chemistry Principles of Structure and Reactivity 4th edition HarperCollins New York USA 1993 R L DeKock and H B Gray in Chemical Structure and bonding Benjamin Cummings Menlo Park California USA 1980 A M James and M P Lord in Macmillan s Chemical and Physical Data Macmillan London UK 1992 103 Lr Rn 5f14 7s2 7p1 tentative 2 8 18 32 32 9 2 inconsistent 104 Rf Rn 5f14 6d2 7s2 tentative 105 Db Rn 5f14 6d3 7s2 a guess based upon that of tantalum 2 8 18 32 32 11 2 106 Sg Rn 5f14 6d4 7s2 a guess based upon that of tungsten 2 8 18 32 32 12 2 107 Bh Rn 5f14 6d5 7s2 a guess based upon that of rhenium 2 8 18 32 32 13 2 108 Hs Rn 5f14 6d6 7s2 a guess based upon that of osmium 2 8 18 32 32 14 2 109 Mt Rn 5f14 6d7 7s2 a guess based upon that of iridium 2 8 18 32 32 15 2 110 Ds Rn 5f14 6d9 7s1 a guess based upon that of platinum 2 8 18 32 32 17 1 111 Rg Rn 5f14 6d10 7s1 a guess based upon that of gold 2 8 18 32 32 18 1 112 Uub Rn 5f14 6d10 7s2 a guess based upon that of mercury 2 8 18 32 32 18 2 113 Uut Rn 5f14 6d10 7s2 7p1 a guess based upon that of thallium 2 8 18 32 32 18 3 114 Uuq Rn 5f14 6d10 7s2 7p2 a guess based upon that of lead 2 8 18 32 32 18 4 115 Uup Rn 5f14 6d10 7s2 7p3 a guess based upon that of bismuth 2 8 18 32 32 18 5 116 Uuh Rn 5f14 6d10 7s2 7p4 a guess based upon that of polonium 2 8 18 32 32 18 6 117 Uus Rn 5f14 6d10 7s2 7p5 a guess based upon that of astatine 2 8 18 32 32 18 7 118 Uuo Rn 5f14 6d10 7s2 7p6 a guess based upon that of radon 2 8 18 32 32 18 8Lange J A Dean ed Lange s Handbook of Chemistry 15th Edition online version McGraw Hill 1999 Section 4 Table 4 1 Electronic Configuration and Properties of the Elements Elements 1 103 97 Bk Rn 5f8 6d 7s2 103 Lr Rn 4f14 sic 6d 7s2 bthkhwamekhminiyngepnokhrng khunsamarthchwywikiphiediyidodykarephimetimkhxmuldkhk