การแปลงพื้นที่เพื่อเปลี่ยนชนชั้น (อังกฤษ: gentrification) เป็นกระบวนการเปลี่ยนแปลงลักษณะของย่านในเมืองย่านหนึ่ง ๆ ผ่านการไหลบ่าเข้ามาของผู้อยู่อาศัยและธุรกิจที่มีความมั่งคั่งมากกว่าผู้อยู่อาศัยและธุรกิจดั้งเดิม ย่านที่ตกเป็นเป้าหมายของการแปลงพื้นที่เพื่อเปลี่ยนชนชั้นจะถูกแปลงสภาพผ่านการปรับปรุงอาคารให้สูงหรือทันสมัยกว่าอาคารที่มีอยู่เดิม ผลที่ตามมาคือ ค่าเช่าหรือค่าครองชีพในย่านดังกล่าวสูงขึ้น ผู้ที่อยู่อาศัยและธุรกิจที่มีรายได้น้อยต้องย้ายออกไปตั้งหลักแหล่งในพื้นที่รอบนอกแทน และย่านที่ถูกแปลงสภาพนี้ก็จะถูกกลุ่มคนและธุรกิจที่มีรายได้สูงกว่าเข้าครอบครองในที่สุด กระบวนการนี้เป็นหัวข้อที่พบบ่อยและเป็นที่โต้เถียงในทางการเมืองและการวางผังเมือง การแปลงพื้นที่เพื่อเปลี่ยนชนชั้นมักเพิ่มมูลค่าทางเศรษฐกิจของย่านนั้น ๆ แต่การเปลี่ยนแปลงทางประชากรที่เกิดขึ้นก็มักเป็นที่มาของความขัดแย้งเช่นกัน
การแปลงพื้นที่เพื่อเปลี่ยนชนชั้นมักเคลื่อนย้ายองค์ประกอบทางเชื้อชาติ/ชาติพันธุ์และรายได้ครัวเรือนโดยเฉลี่ย ผ่านการพัฒนาที่อยู่อาศัย ธุรกิจ และทรัพยากรที่ปรับปรุงแล้วและมีราคาแพงขึ้น กระบวนการแปลงพื้นที่เพื่อเปลี่ยนชนชั้นโดยทั่วไปเป็นผลมาจากความสนใจที่เพิ่มขึ้นต่อย่านหนึ่ง ๆ ของกลุ่มคนผู้มีรายได้สูงกว่าซึ่งขยายตัวออกมาจากนคร เมือง หรือย่านที่อยู่ใกล้เคียง ขั้นตอนต่อไปคือการลงทุนที่เพิ่มขึ้นในชุมชนและโครงสร้างพื้นฐานที่เกี่ยวข้องโดยธุรกิจพัฒนาอสังหาริมทรัพย์ รัฐบาลท้องถิ่น หรือนักกิจกรรมในชุมชน รวมทั้งการพัฒนาเศรษฐกิจ ความสนใจธุรกิจที่เพิ่มขึ้น และอัตราอาชญากรรมที่ลดลง นอกเหนือจากผลประโยชน์ที่อาจเป็นไปได้เหล่านี้แล้ว การแปลงพื้นที่เพื่อเปลี่ยนชนชั้นยังนำไปสู่การอพยพและการโยกย้ายประชากรด้วย อย่างไรก็ตาม บางคนมองว่าความกังวลต่อการโยกย้ายประชากร (ซึ่งมักเป็นที่กล่าวถึงในการถกเถียงเกี่ยวกับการแปลงพื้นที่เพื่อเปลี่ยนชนชั้น) เป็นอุปสรรคต่อการอภิปรายว่าด้วยวิธีการที่ก้าวหน้าอย่างแท้จริงในการกระจายผลประโยชน์จากกลยุทธ์การพัฒนาเมือง
อ้างอิง
- สำนักงานราชบัณฑิตยสภา. พจนานุกรมศัพท์ผังเมือง ฉบับราชบัณฑิตยสภา. กรุงเทพฯ : สำนักงานราชบัณฑิตยสภา, 2565.
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บรรณานุกรม
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อ่านเพิ่ม
- Fink, Homer (16 February 2014). "Heights History (A Slight Return): How Brooklyn Heights Became A Landmark District (Video)". brooklynheightsblog.com. Brooklyn Heights Blog.
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epnxupsrrkhtxkarxphipraywadwywithikarthikawhnaxyangaethcringinkarkracayphlpraoychncakklyuththkarphthnaemuxngxangxingsanknganrachbnthityspha phcnanukrmsphthphngemuxng chbbrachbnthityspha krungethph sanknganrachbnthityspha 2565 Gentrification Dictionary com Lees Slater amp Wyly 2010 define gentrification as the transformation of a working class or vacant area of the central city to a middle class residential and or commercial use Health Effects of Gentrification Centers for Disease Control Centers for Disease Control 24 March 2015 subkhnemux 24 March 2015 MacDonald John M Stokes Robert J 2019 09 30 Gentrification Land Use and Crime Annual Review of Criminology 3 121 138 doi 10 1146 annurev criminol 011419 041505 ISSN 2572 4568 Morisson amp Bevilacqua 2018brrnanukrmAtkinson Doreen 2009 Economic Decline and Gentrification in a Small Town The Business Sector in Aberdeen Eastern Cape Development Southern Africa 26 2 271 288 doi 10 1080 03768350902899595 S2CID 154802146 Atkinson Rowland Bridge Gary b k 2005 Gentrification in a Global Context The New Urban Colonialism Gentrification in a Global Context London Routledge ISBN 978 0 415 32951 4 Clark Eric 2005 The order and simplicity of gentrification a political challenge in Atkinson Rowland Bridge Gary b k Gentrification in a Global Context pp 256 264 ISBN 978 0 415 32951 4 Belanger Helene 2012 The meaning of the built environment during gentrification in Canada Journal of Housing and the Built Environment 27 1 31 47 doi 10 1007 s10901 011 9248 3 S2CID 154873842 Belanger Helene 6 9 July 2008 Are revitalizing actions with respect to public spaces contributing to the gentrification process Some preliminary results on the socioresidential dynamic of three cities Shrinking Cities Sprawling Suburbs Changing Countrysides European Network for Housing Research International Conference Dublin Booza Jason Cutsinger Jackie Galster George 28 July 2006 khlngkhxmulekaekbcakaehlngedimemux 11 July 2007 Boyd Michelle July 2008 Defensive development The role of racial conflict in gentrification Urban Affairs Review 43 6 751 776 doi 10 1177 1078087407313581 S2CID 154673967 Buntin John 14 January 2015 The gentrification myth It s rare and not as bad for the poor as people think Slate com subkhnemux 2 April 2017 Butler Tim 1997 Gentrification and the Middle Classes Aldershot Hants England Ashgate ISBN 9781859723715 Castells Manuel 1983 Cultural identity sexual liberation and urban structure the gay community in San Francisco The City and the Grassroots A Cross Cultural Theory of Urban Social Movements London Edward Arnold ISBN 978 0 520 05617 6 Caulfield J Peake L b k 1996 City lives and city forms Critical research and Canadian urbanism Free Download Borrow and Streaming Internet Archive City lives and city forms Critical research and Canadian urbanism Toronto University of Toronto Press ISBN 9780802005144 Rose Demaris 1996 Economic restructuring and the diversification of gentrification in the 1980s A view from a marginal metropolis in Caulfield J Peake L b k City lives and city forms Critical research and Canadian urbanism Toronto University of Toronto Press pp 131 172 ISBN 9780802005144 Dobson Cory Gregory 2007 Can gentrification be stopped A case study of Grandview Woodland Vancouver withyaniphnth Masters University of British Columbia doi 10 14288 1 0100689 Florida Richard 8 September 2015 The Complex Relationship Between Gentrification and Displacement Bloomberg com subkhnemux 2 April 2017 Freeman Lance 2006 There Goes the Hood Views of Gentrification from the Ground Up Philadelphia PA Temple University ISBN 978 1 59213 437 3 Freeman Lance 2005 Displacement or Succession Residential Mobility in Gentrifying Neighborhoods Urban Affairs Review 40 4 463 491 doi 10 1177 1078087404273341 S2CID 154267676 Freeman Lance Braconi Frank 2004 Gentrification and Displacement New York City in the 1990s Journal of the American Planning Association 70 1 39 52 doi 10 1080 01944360408976337 S2CID 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