ฮอลอดอมอร์ (ยูเครน: Голодомо́р, ออกเสียง: [ɦolodoˈmɔr]; มาจาก мори́ти го́лодом, 'ฆ่าด้วยความหิวโหย') หรือที่รู้จักกันในชื่อ การฆ่าล้างเผ่าพันธุ์ด้วยทุพภิกขภัยในยูเครนมหาทุพภิกขภัย หรือ การฆ่าล้างเผ่าพันธุ์ชาวยูเครน ค.ศ. 1932–1933 เป็นการฆ่าล้างเผ่าพันธุ์ชาวยูเครนด้วยการปล่อยให้อดอาหารในสาธารณรัฐสังคมนิยมโซเวียตยูเครนในระหว่างปี ค.ศ. 1932 ถึง ค.ศ. 1933 โดยเหตุการณ์ครั้งนั้นคร่าชีวิตชาวยูเครนพื้นเมืองไปหลายล้านคนเนื่องจากภาวะทุพภิกขภัยที่เกิดขึ้นอย่างหนักซึ่งเป็นไปอย่างสงบโดยไม่เคยเกิดขึ้นมาก่อนใน
ฮอลอดอมอร์ในยูเครน Голодомо́р в Украї́ні | |
---|---|
ชาวนาที่ประสบทุพภิกขภัยในคาร์กิวเมื่อ ค.ศ. 1933 | |
ประเทศ | สาธารณรัฐสังคมนิยมโซเวียตยูเครน สหภาพโซเวียต |
สถานที่ | และของยูเครน |
ยุค | ค.ศ. 1932–1933 |
เสียชีวิตรวม | ประมาณ 3.5 ล้านคน |
สังเกตการณ์ |
|
ความช่วยเหลือ | รัฐไม่รับของบรรเทาทุกข์ต่างประเทศ แต่นำเมล็ดธัญพืช 176,200 ถึง 325,000 ตันแจกจ่ายเป็นอาหารและของบรรเทาทุกข์ในเดือนกุมภาพันธ์ถึงกรกฎาคม ค.ศ. 1933 |
คำว่าฮอลอดอมอร์มีความหมายที่เน้นเกี่ยวกับภาวะทุพภิกขภัยที่เกิดขึ้นจากมนุษย์โดยตั้งใจ เช่น การปฏิเสธความช่วยเหลือจากภายนอก การริบอาหารภายในครัวเรือน และการจำกัดการเคลื่อนย้ายของประชากร ประเด็นที่ว่าฮอลอดอมอร์เป็นการฆ่าล้างเผ่าพันธุ์หรือไม่นั้นยังเป็นที่ถกเถียงกันอยู่ เนื่องจากเป็นสาเหตุให้เกิดภาวะทุพภิกขภัยและการตายโดยตั้งใจ นักวิชาการบางส่วนเชื่อว่าเหตุการณ์นี้ถูกวางแผนโดยโจเซฟ สตาลิน เพื่อป้องกันการประกาศเอกราชของยูเครน[15] การสูญเสียในครั้งนี้ได้ถูกนำไปเปรียบเทียบกับในเหตุการณ์ฮอโลคอสต์ อย่างไรก็ตาม นักประวัติศาสตร์บางส่วนโต้แย้งว่าเหตุการณ์ในครั้งนี้ถือเป็นการฆ่าล้างเผ่าพันธุ์
หมายเหตุ
- หรือ "การกำจัดด้วยความหิว"
อ้างอิง
- Davies & Wheatcroft 2010, pp. 479–484.
- Jones, Adam (2016). Genocide: A Comprehensive Introduction (3rd ed.). London: Routledge. p. 90.
Holodomor – the Ukrainian "famine-extermination" of 1932–1933 at the hands of Stalin's Soviet regime (Chapter 5); "a compound word combining the root holod 'hunge' with the verbal root mor 'extinguish', 'exterminate' (Lubomyr Hajda, Harvard University).
- Graziosi, Andrea. 2005. "Les Famines Soviétiques de 1931–1933 et le Holodomor Ukrainien." Cahiers du monde russe et soviétique 46(3): 453–472 [457]. doi:10.4000/monderusse.8817.
- . 2007. "La grande famine ukrainienne de 1932–1933." In La terreur et le désarroi: Staline et son système, edited by N. Werth. Paris. ISBN . p. 132.
- Graziosi, Andrea (2005). LES FAMINES SOVIÉTIQUES DE 1931–1933 ET LE HOLODOMOR UKRAINIEN [The Soviet famines of 1931–1933 and the Ukrainian Holodomor]. Cahier du Monde Russe. p. 464.
- Davies 2006, p. 145.
- Baumeister 1999, p. 179.
- Sternberg & Sternberg 2008, p. 67.
- Boriak, Hennadii. 2009. Sources for the Study of the 'Great Famine' in Ukraine. Cambridge, MA.
- "Ukrainian Genocide of 1932–1933". Ukrainian Genocide Famine Foundation – USA, Inc. จากแหล่งเดิมเมื่อ 24 November 2016. สืบค้นเมื่อ 22 November 2016.
- "The famine of 1932–33". Encyclopædia Britannica online. จากแหล่งเดิมเมื่อ 23 November 2015. สืบค้นเมื่อ 2 November 2015.
The Great Famine (Holodomor) of 1932–33 – a man-made demographic catastrophe unprecedented in peacetime. Of the estimated six to eight million people who died in the Soviet Union, about four to five million were Ukrainians ... Its deliberate nature is underscored by the fact that no physical basis for famine existed in Ukraine ... Soviet authorities set requisition quotas for Ukraine at an impossibly high level. Brigades of special agents were dispatched to Ukraine to assist in procurement, and homes were routinely searched and foodstuffs confiscated ... The rural population was left with insufficient food to feed itself.
- ; (2009). The Industrialisation of Soviet Russia Volume 5: The Years of Hunger: Soviet Agriculture 1931–1933. Palgrave Macmillan UK. p. xiv. ISBN . สืบค้นเมื่อ 15 June 2017.
- Tauger, Mark B. (2001). "Natural Disaster and Human Actions in the Soviet Famine of 1931–1933". The Carl Beck Papers in Russian and East European Studies (1506): 1–65. doi:10.5195/CBP.2001.89. ISSN 2163-839X. จากแหล่งเดิมเมื่อ 12 June 2017.
- (2000). "The Future Did Not Work". . สืบค้นเมื่อ 18 July 2020.
Similarly, the overwhelming weight of opinion among scholars working in the new archives (including Courtois's co-editor Werth) is that the terrible famine of the 1930s was the result of Stalinist bungling and rigidity rather than some genocidal plan.
- Davies & Wheatcroft 2002, p. 77. "[T]he drought of 1931 was particularly severe, and drought conditions continued in 1932. This certainly helped to worsen the conditions for obtaining the harvest in 1932".
- Engerman 2003, p. 194.
- ; Halyna Kharaz (11 November 2007). . world.maidan.org.ua. คลังข้อมูลเก่าเก็บจากแหล่งเดิมเมื่อ 28 June 2007. สืบค้นเมื่อ 21 July 2012.
- Mytsyk, Y. A. (2003). [The tragedy of the Holodomor in the memories of eyewitnesses]. archives.gov.ua. ISBN . คลังข้อมูลเก่าเก็บจากแหล่งเดิมเมื่อ 18 February 2007. สืบค้นเมื่อ 9 December 2015.
- Stanislav Kulchytsky (2 September 2008). "The Holodomor of 1932–1933: the scholarly verdict". day.kiev.ua. จากแหล่งเดิมเมื่อ 9 January 2016. สืบค้นเมื่อ 9 December 2015.
- . "Seven million died in the 'forgotten' holocaust". ukemonde.com. จากแหล่งเดิมเมื่อ 9 September 2017. สืบค้นเมื่อ 8 October 2017.
- ; (2009). The Industrialisation of Soviet Russia Volume 5: The Years of Hunger: Soviet Agriculture 1931–1933. Palgrave Macmillan UK. p. xiv. ISBN . สืบค้นเมื่อ 15 June 2017.
- Tauger, Mark B. (2001). "Natural Disaster and Human Actions in the Soviet Famine of 1931–1933". The Carl Beck Papers in Russian and East European Studies (1506): 1–65. doi:10.5195/CBP.2001.89. ISSN 2163-839X. จากแหล่งเดิมเมื่อ 12 June 2017.
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อ่านเพิ่ม
คำประกาศและนิติกรรม
- . 19 April 1988. "" (Report to Congress).
- United Nations. 2003. Joint Statement on the Great Famine of 1932–1933 in Ukraine (Holodomor)
- Address of the Verkhovna Rada to the Ukrainian nation on commemorating the victims of Holodomor 1932–1933 (in Ukrainian)
หนังสือและบทความ
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- International Commission of Inquiry into the 1932–33 Famine in Ukraine, Proceedings [transcript], 23–27 May 1988, Brussels, Belgium, Jakob W.F. Sundberg, President; Legal Counsel, World Congress of Free Ukrainians: John Sopinka, Alexandra Chyczij; Legal Council for the commission, Ian A. Hunter, 1988.
- International Commission of Inquiry into the 1932–33 Famine in Ukraine. Proceedings [transcript], 21 October – 5 November 1988, New York City, [Jakob W.F. Sundberg, President; Counsel for the Petitioner, William Liber; General Counsel, Ian A. Hunter], 1988.
- International Commission of Inquiry into the 1932–1933 Famine in Ukraine. Final report, [Jacob W.F. Sundberg, President], 1990. [Proceedings of the International Commission of Inquiry and its Final report are in typescript, contained in 6 vols. Copies available from the World Congress of Free Ukrainians, Toronto].
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- Klady, Leonard, "Famine Film Harvest of Despair", Forum: A Ukrainian Review, No. 61, Spring 1985, (Scranton: Ukrainian Fraternal Association, 1985).
- Kolektyvizatsia і Holod na Ukraini 1929–1933: Zbirnyk documentiv і materialiv, Z.M. Mychailycenko, E.P. Shatalina, S.V. Kulcycky, eds., (Kyiv: Naukova Dumka, 1992).
- Kostiuk, Hryhory, Stalinist rule in Ukraine: a study of the decade of mass terror, 1929–1939, (Munich: Institut zur Erforschung der UdSSSR, 1960).
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- Krawchenko, Bohdan, Social change and national consciousness in twentieth-century Ukraine, (Basingstoke: Macmillan in association with St. Anthony's College, Oxford, 1985).
- R. Kuśnierz, ,Torun 2022-03-14 ที่ เวย์แบ็กแมชชีน, 2005
- Leonard Leshuk, ed., Days of Famine, Nights of Terror: Firsthand Accounts of Soviet Collectivization, 1928–1934 (Kingston: Kashtan Press, 1995)
- Luciuk, Lubomyr (and L Grekul), Holodomor: Reflections on the Great Famine of 1932–1933 in Soviet Ukraine (Kashtan Press, Kingston, 2008.)
- Lubomyr Luciuk, ed., Not Worthy: Walter Duranty's Pulitzer Prize and The New York Times (Kingston: Kashtan Press, 2004)
- Lettere da Kharkov: la carestia in Ucraina e nel Caucaso del Nord nei rapporti dei diplomatici italiani, 1932–33, a cura di Andrea Graziosi, (Torino: Einaudi, 1991).
- Mace, James E., Communism and the dilemma of national liberation: national communism in Soviet Ukraine, 1918–1933, (Cambridge, Massachusetts: Distributed by Harvard University Press for the Ukrainian Research Institute and the Ukrainian Academy of Arts and Sciences in the U.S., 1983).
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- Martchenko, Borys, La famine-genocide en Ukraine: 1932–1933, (Paris: Publications de l'Est europeen, 1983).
- Marunchak, Mykhailo H., Natsiia v borot'bi za svoie isnuvannia: 1932 і 1933 v Ukraini і diiaspori, (Winnipeg: Nakl. Ukrains'koi vil'noi akademii nauk v Kanadi, 1985).
- Memorial, compiled by Lubomyr Y. Luciuk and Alexandra Chyczij; translated into English by Marco Carynnyk, (Toronto: Published by Kashtan Press for Canadian Friends of "Memorial", 1989). [Bilingual edition in Ukrainian and English. this is a selection of resolutions, aims and objectives, and other documents, pertaining to the activities of the Memorial Society in Ukraine].
- Mishchenko, Oleksandr, Bezkrovna viina: knyha svidchen', (Kyiv: Molod', 1991).
- Oleksiw, Stephen, The agony of a nation: the great man-made famine in Ukraine, 1932–1933, (London: The National Committee to Commemorate the 50th Anniversary of the Artificial Famine in Ukraine, 1932–1933, 1983).
- Pavel P. Postyshev, envoy of Moscow in Ukraine 1933–1934, [selected newspaper articles, documents, and sections in books], (Toronto: World Congress of Free Ukrainians, Secretariat, [1988], The 1932–33 Famine in Ukraine research documentation).
- Pidnayny, Alexandra, A bibliography of the great famine in Ukraine, 1932–1933, (Toronto: New Review Books, 1975).
- Pravoberezhnyi, Fedir, 8,000,000: 1933-i rik na Ukraini, (Winnipeg: Kultura і osvita, 1951).
- Rajca, Czesław (2005). Głód na Ukrainie. Lublin/Toronto: Werset. ISBN .
- Senyshyn, Halyna, Bibliohrafia holody v Ukraini 1932–1933, (Ottawa: Montreal: Umman, 1983).
- Solovei, Dmytro, The Golgotha of Ukraine: eye-witness accounts of the famine in Ukraine, compiled by Dmytro Soloviy, (New York: Ukrainian Congress Committee of America, 1953).
- Stradnyk, Petro, Pravda pro soviets'ku vladu v Ukraini, (New York: N. Chyhyryns'kyi, 1972).
- Taylor, S.J., Stalin's apologist: Walter Duranty, the New York Times's Man in Moscow, (New York: Oxford University Press, 1990).
- The Foreign Office and the famine: British documents on Ukraine and the great famine of 1932–1933, edited by Marco Carynnyk, Lubomyr Y. Luciuk and Bohdan Kor.
- The man-made famine in Ukraine (Washington D.C.: American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research, 1984). [Seminar. Participants: Robert Conquest, Dana Dalrymple, James Mace, Michael Nowak].
- United States, Commission on the Ukraine Famine. Investigation of the Ukrainian Famine, 1932–1933: report to Congress / Commission on the Ukraine Famine, [Daniel E. Mica, chairman; James E. Mace, Staff Director]. (Washington D.C.: U.S. G.P.O. 1988).
- United States, Commission on the Ukrainian Famine. Oral history project of the Commission on the Ukraine Famine, James E. Mace and Leonid Heretz, eds. (Washington, D.C.: Supt. of Docs, U.S. G.P.O., 1990).
- Velykyi holod v Ukraini, 1932–33: zbirnyk svidchen', spohadiv, dopovidiv ta stattiv, vyholoshenykh ta drukovanykh v 1983 rotsi na vidznachennia 50-littia holodu v Ukraini – The Great Famine in Ukraine 1932–1933: a collection of memoirs, speeches and essays prepared in 1983 in commemoration of the 50th anniversary of the Famine in Ukraine during 1932–33, [Publication Committee members: V. Rudenko, T. Khokhitva, P. Makohon, F. Podopryhora], (Toronto: Ukrains'ke Pravoslavne Bratstvo Sv. Volodymyra, 1988), [Bilingual edition in Ukrainian and English].
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- (2000). "The Scale and Nature of Stalinist Repression and its Demographic Significance: On Comments by Keep and Conquest" (PDF). . 52 (6): 1143–1159. doi:10.1080/09668130050143860. ISSN 0966-8136. PMID 19326595. S2CID 205667754.
- ; Serbyn, Roman (1986). Famine in Ukraine 1932–1933 (ภาษาอังกฤษ). Canada: Canadian Institute of Ukrainian Studies. p. 208. ISBN .
แหล่งข้อมูลอื่น
- "Holodomor Museum website". สืบค้นเมื่อ 20 January 2021.
- "Holodomor survivors share their stories". สืบค้นเมื่อ 20 January 2021.
- "Harvard Ukrainian Research Institute's MAPA Digital Atlas of Ukraine focus on the history of the Holodomor". สืบค้นเมื่อ 20 January 2021.
- "Gareth Jones' international exposure of the Holodomor, plus many related background articles". สืบค้นเมื่อ 5 July 2006.
- (ในภาษายูเครน) Famine in Ukraine 1932–1933 7 กุมภาพันธ์ 2020 ที่ เวย์แบ็กแมชชีน at the Central State Archive of Ukraine (, )
- Stanislav Kulchytsky, , October 2005.
- Stanislav Kulchytsky, "Why did Stalin exterminate the Ukrainians? Comprehending the Holodomor. The position of Soviet historians" – Six-part series from : Part 1, Part 2, Part 3, Part 4, Part 5, Part 6;
- (ในภาษายูเครนและรัสเซีย) Valeriy Soldatenko, "A starved 1933: subjective thoughts on objective processes", , Kyiv, Ukraine, 28 June – 4 July 2003. Available online[]
- (ในภาษายูเครนและรัสเซีย) Stanislav Kulchytsky's articles in , Kyiv, Ukraine
- "How many of us perish in Holodomor on 1933", 23 November 2002 – 29 November 2002. Available online[]
- "Reasons of the 1933 famine in Ukraine. Through the pages of one almost forgotten book" 16–22 August 2003. Available online[]
- "Reasons of the 1933 famine in Ukraine-2", 4 October 2003 – 10 October 2003. Available online[]
- "Demographic losses in Ukraine in the twentieth century", 2 October 2004 – 8 October 2004. Available online[]
- "Holodomor-33: Why and how?" 25 November – 1 December. Available online[]
- Ukraine Famine Revelations from the Russian Archives at the Library of Congress
- Sergei Melnikoff, Photos of Holodomor gulag.ipvnews.org
- The General Committee decided this afternoon not to recommend the inclusion of an item on the seventy-fifth anniversary of the Great Famine (Holodomor) of 1932–1933 in Ukraine. www.un.org
- Nicolas Werth Case Study: The Great Ukrainian Famine of 1932–1933 / CNRS – France
- archived from kiev.usembassy.gov
- – collection of archive materials rusarchives.ru
- – official site of the , www.sbu.gov.ua
- archived from www.cbc.ca
- Murphy, Caryle (1 October 1983). . The Washington Post. คลังข้อมูลเก่าเก็บจากแหล่งเดิมเมื่อ 15 March 2012.
- archived from www.narodnaviyna.org.ua
- Oksana Kis, Defying Death Women's Experience of the Holodomor, 1932–1933 www.academia.edu
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tnaeckcayepnxaharaelakhxngbrrethathukkhineduxnkumphaphnththungkrkdakhm kh s 1933Recognition of the Holodomor as a genocide Officially recognized as an act of genocide Officially condemned as an act of extermination Officially not recognized as an act of genocide khawahxlxdxmxrmikhwamhmaythiennekiywkbphawathuphphikkhphythiekidkhuncakmnusyodytngic echn karptiesthkhwamchwyehluxcakphaynxk karribxaharphayinkhrweruxn aelakarcakdkarekhluxnyaykhxngprachakr praednthiwahxlxdxmxrepnkarkhalangephaphnthuhruximnnyngepnthithkethiyngknxyu enuxngcakepnsaehtuihekidphawathuphphikkhphyaelakartayodytngic nkwichakarbangswnechuxwaehtukarnnithukwangaephnodyocesf stalin ephuxpxngknkarprakasexkrachkhxngyuekhrn 15 karsuyesiyinkhrngniidthuknaipepriybethiybkbinehtukarnhxolkhxst xyangirktam nkprawtisastrbangswnotaeyngwaehtukarninkhrngnithuxepnkarkhalangephaphnthuhmayehtuhrux karkacddwykhwamhiw xangxingDavies amp Wheatcroft 2010 pp 479 484 Jones Adam 2016 Genocide A Comprehensive Introduction 3rd ed London Routledge p 90 Holodomor the Ukrainian famine extermination of 1932 1933 at the hands of Stalin s Soviet regime Chapter 5 a compound word combining the root holod hunge with the verbal root mor extinguish exterminate Lubomyr Hajda Harvard University Graziosi Andrea 2005 Les Famines Sovietiques de 1931 1933 et le Holodomor Ukrainien Cahiers du monde russe et sovietique 46 3 453 472 457 doi 10 4000 monderusse 8817 2007 La grande famine ukrainienne de 1932 1933 In La terreur et le desarroi Staline et son systeme edited by N Werth Paris ISBN 2 262 02462 6 p 132 Graziosi Andrea 2005 LES FAMINES SOVIETIQUES DE 1931 1933 ET LE HOLODOMOR UKRAINIEN The Soviet famines of 1931 1933 and the Ukrainian Holodomor Cahier du Monde Russe p 464 Davies 2006 p 145 Baumeister 1999 p 179 Sternberg amp Sternberg 2008 p 67 Boriak Hennadii 2009 Sources for the Study of the Great Famine in Ukraine Cambridge MA Ukrainian Genocide of 1932 1933 Ukrainian Genocide Famine Foundation USA Inc cakaehlngedimemux 24 November 2016 subkhnemux 22 November 2016 The famine of 1932 33 Encyclopaedia Britannica online cakaehlngedimemux 23 November 2015 subkhnemux 2 November 2015 The Great Famine Holodomor of 1932 33 a man made demographic catastrophe unprecedented in peacetime Of the estimated six to eight million people who died in the Soviet Union about four to five million were Ukrainians Its deliberate nature is underscored by the fact that no physical basis for famine existed in Ukraine Soviet authorities set requisition quotas for Ukraine at an impossibly high level Brigades of special agents were dispatched to Ukraine to assist in procurement and homes were routinely searched and foodstuffs confiscated The rural population was left with insufficient food to feed itself 2009 The Industrialisation of Soviet Russia Volume 5 The Years of Hunger Soviet Agriculture 1931 1933 Palgrave Macmillan UK p xiv ISBN 978 0 230 27397 9 subkhnemux 15 June 2017 Tauger Mark B 2001 Natural Disaster and Human Actions in the Soviet Famine of 1931 1933 The Carl Beck Papers in Russian and East European Studies 1506 1 65 doi 10 5195 CBP 2001 89 ISSN 2163 839X cakaehlngedimemux 12 June 2017 2000 The Future Did Not Work subkhnemux 18 July 2020 Similarly the overwhelming weight of opinion among scholars working in the new archives including Courtois s co editor Werth is that the terrible famine of the 1930s was the result of Stalinist bungling and rigidity rather than some genocidal plan Davies amp Wheatcroft 2002 p 77 T he drought of 1931 was particularly severe and drought conditions continued in 1932 This certainly helped to worsen the conditions for obtaining the harvest in 1932 Engerman 2003 p 194 Halyna Kharaz 11 November 2007 world maidan org ua khlngkhxmulekaekbcakaehlngedimemux 28 June 2007 subkhnemux 21 July 2012 Mytsyk Y A 2003 The tragedy of the Holodomor in the memories of eyewitnesses archives gov ua ISBN 978 966 518 210 8 khlngkhxmulekaekbcakaehlngedimemux 18 February 2007 subkhnemux 9 December 2015 Stanislav Kulchytsky 2 September 2008 The Holodomor of 1932 1933 the scholarly verdict day kiev ua cakaehlngedimemux 9 January 2016 subkhnemux 9 December 2015 Seven million died in the forgotten holocaust ukemonde com cakaehlngedimemux 9 September 2017 subkhnemux 8 October 2017 2009 The Industrialisation of Soviet Russia Volume 5 The Years of Hunger Soviet Agriculture 1931 1933 Palgrave Macmillan UK p xiv ISBN 978 0 230 27397 9 subkhnemux 15 June 2017 Tauger Mark B 2001 Natural Disaster and Human Actions in the Soviet Famine of 1931 1933 The Carl Beck Papers in Russian and East European Studies 1506 1 65 doi 10 5195 CBP 2001 89 ISSN 2163 839X cakaehlngedimemux 12 June 2017 brrnanukrm 2017 ISBN 9780385538862 1999 Evil Inside Human Violence and Cruelty New York ISBN 978 0 8050 7165 8 Bilinsky Yaroslav 1999 1 2 147 156 doi 10 1080 14623529908413948 khlngkhxmulekaekbcakaehlngedimemux 15 June 2008 subkhnemux 5 June 2006 1999 Comment on Wheatcroft 51 8 1479 1483 doi 10 1080 09668139998426 JSTOR 153839 Conquest Robert 2001 Reflections on a Ravaged Century New ed New York ISBN 978 0 393 32086 2 Conquest Robert 2002 1986 The Harvest Of Sorrow Soviet Collectivisation and the Terror Famine London Pimlico ISBN 978 0 7126 9750 7 2002 The Soviet Famine of 1932 33 and the Crisis in Agriculture PDF in Wheatcroft Stephen G b k Challenging Traditional Views of Russian History Houndmills ISBN 978 0 333 75461 0 Davies Robert W Wheatcroft Stephen G 2006 Stalin and the Soviet Famine of 1932 33 A Reply to Ellman PDF Europe Asia Studies 58 4 625 633 doi 10 1080 09668130600652217 JSTOR 20451229 S2CID 145729808 Davies Robert W Wheatcroft Stephen G 2010 The Years of Hunger Soviet Agriculture 1931 1933 Houndmills Palgrave Macmillan ISBN 978 0 230 23855 8 2006 Europe East and West London ISBN 978 0 224 06924 3 Dolot Miron 1985 Execution by Hunger The Hidden Holocaust New York ISBN 978 0 393 30416 9 2005 PDF Europe Asia Studies 57 6 823 41 doi 10 1080 09668130500199392 S2CID 13880089 khlngkhxmulekaekbcakaehlngedim PDF emux 2009 02 27 subkhnemux 2022 03 03 Ellman Michael 2007 Europe Asia Studies 59 4 663 693 doi 10 1080 09668130701291899 S2CID 53655536 khlngkhxmulekaekbcakaehlngedim PDF emux 2007 10 14 subkhnemux 2022 03 03 Engerman David 2003 Modernization from the Other Shore American Intellectuals and the Romance of Russian Development Cambridge MA ISBN 978 0 674 01151 9 Hadzewycz Roma Zarycky George B Kolomayets Martha b k 1983 The Great Famine in Ukraine The Unknown Holocaust Jersey City NJ Hryshko Vasyl 1978 Ukrains kyi Holokast 1933 New York DOBRUS Toronto SUZHERO 2010 Genocide A Comprehensive Introduction 2nd ed Milton Park ISBN 978 0 415 48619 4 2017 Stalin volume 2 Waiting for Hitler 1929 1941 New York Penguin Press ISBN 978 1594203800 Kulchytsky Stanislav Yefimenko Hennadiy 2003 Demografichni naslidki golodomoru 1933 r v Ukrayini Vsesoyuznij perepis 1937 r v Ukrayini dokumenti ta materiali Demographic consequences of the 1933 Holodomor in Ukraine The all Union census of 1937 in Ukraine Documents and Materials phasayuekhrn Kyiv Institute of History ISBN 978 966 02 3014 9 2010 The Power of Freedom Central and Eastern Europe after 1945 Unitas Foundation ISBN 978 9949 21 479 2 subkhnemux 2 November 2015 Liber George Total wars and the making of modern Ukraine 1914 1954 U of Toronto Press 2016 Luciuk Lubomyr editor Holodomor Reflections on the Great Famine of 1932 1933 in Soviet Ukraine Kashtan Press Kingston 2008 2004 Soviet Man Made Famine in Ukraine in Totten Samuel Parsons William S Charny Israel W b k Century of Genocide Critical Essays and Eyewitness Accounts London Routledge ISBN 978 0 415 94430 4 Mace James E 2008 Vashi mertvi vibrali mene Your dead chose me Kyiv Vyd vo ZAT Ukrains ka pres hrupa ISBN 978 966 8152 13 9 A collection of Mace s articles and columns published in from 1993 to 2004 Marples David R 2007 Heroes and Villains Creating National History in Contemporary Ukraine Budapest ISBN 978 963 7326 98 1 Mesle France Pison Gilles Vallin Jacques 2005 PDF Population and Societies 413 1 4 khlngkhxmulekaekbcakaehlngedim PDF emux 26 May 2011 2003 Stalin The Court of the Red Tsar New York Alfre ISBN 978 0307291448 Mordini Emilio Green Manfred 2009 PDF Amsterdam Netherlands ISBN 978 1 58603 940 0 khlngkhxmulekaekbcakaehlngedim PDF emux 2019 10 26 subkhnemux 2022 03 03 2010 Stalin s Genocides Princeton NJ ISBN 978 0 691 14784 0 1995 Russia Under the Bolshevik Regime New York ISBN 978 0 679 76184 6 Potocki Robert 2003 Polityka panstwa polskiego wobec zagadnienia ukrainskiego w latach 1930 1939 phasaopaelnd aela xngkvs Lublin Instytut Europy Srodkowo Wschodniej ISBN 978 83 917615 4 0 Pourchot Georgeta 2008 Eurasia Rising Democracy and Independence in the Post Soviet Space Santa Barbara CA ISBN 978 0 275 99916 2 1996 London ISBN 978 0 340 60619 3 1983 Excess Mortality in the Soviet Union A Reconsideration of the Demographic Consequences of Forced Industrialization 1929 1949 35 3 385 409 doi 10 1080 09668138308411488 JSTOR 151363 PMID 11636006 Rosefielde Steven 2009 Red Holocaust Milton Park Routledge ISBN 978 0 415 77756 8 2010 New York ISBN 978 0 465 00239 9 khlngkhxmulekaekbcakaehlngedimemux 22 February 2013 Sternberg Karin 2008 The Nature of Hate New York Cambridge University Press ISBN 978 0 521 72179 0 Tauger Mark B 1991 PDF 50 1 70 89 doi 10 2307 2500600 JSTOR 2500600 khlngkhxmulekaekbcakaehlngedim PDF emux 14 January 2016 Tauger Mark B 2001 Natural Disasters and Human Actions in the Soviet Famine of 1931 1933 The Carl Beck Papers in Russian and East European Studies 1506 67 doi 10 5195 CBP 2001 89 Vallin Jacques Mesle France Adamets Serguei Pyrozhkov Serhii 2002 PDF 56 3 249 264 doi 10 1080 00324720215934 PMID 12553326 S2CID 21128795 khlngkhxmulekaekbcakaehlngedim PDF emux 2022 03 14 subkhnemux 2022 03 03 Vardy Steven Bela Vardy Agnes Huszar 2007 PDF East European Quarterly 41 2 223 238 khlngkhxmulekaekbcakaehlngedim PDF emux 2020 11 08 subkhnemux 2022 03 03 Weiss Wendt Anton 2005 PDF Journal of Genocide Research 7 4 551 559 doi 10 1080 14623520500350017 S2CID 144612446 khlngkhxmulekaekbcakaehlngedim PDF emux 10 June 2007 Werth Nicolas 2010 Mass deportations Ethnic Cleansing and Genocidal Politics in the Latter Russian Empire and the USSR in Bloxham Donald A Dirk Moses b k The Oxford Handbook of Genocide Studies Oxford ISBN 978 0 19 923211 6 Wheatcroft Stephen G 2001 Current knowledge of the level and nature of mortality in the Ukrainian famine of 1931 3 PDF in V Vasil ev Y Shapovala b k Komandiri velikogo golodu Poizdki V Molotova I L Kaganovicha v Ukrainu ta na Pivnichnii Kavkaz 1932 1933 rr Kyiv Geneza Wheatcroft Stephen G 2004 Towards Explaining the Soviet Famine of 1931 1933 Political and Natural Factors in Perspective Food and Foodways 12 2 3 107 136 doi 10 1080 07409710490491447 S2CID 155003439 Wheatcroft Stephen G 2018 The Turn Away from Economic Explanations for Soviet Famines 27 3 465 469 doi 10 1017 S0960777318000358 2002 The Ukrainians Unexpected Nation 2nd ed New Haven CT ISBN 978 0 300 09309 4 Uitkroft S 2001 O demograficheskih svidetelstvah tragedii sovetskoj derevni v 1931 1933 gg On demographic evidence of the tragedy of the Soviet village in 1931 1933 in V P Danilov aelakhna b k The Tragedy of the Soviet Village Collectivization and Dekulakization 1927 39 Documents and Materials phasarsesiy Vol 3 Moscow ISBN 978 5 8243 0225 7 khlngkhxmulekaekbcakaehlngedimemux 20 March 2008 xanephimkhaprakasaelanitikrrm 19 April 1988 Report to Congress United Nations 2003 Joint Statement on the Great Famine of 1932 1933 in Ukraine Holodomor Address of the Verkhovna Rada to the Ukrainian nation on commemorating the victims of Holodomor 1932 1933 in Ukrainian hnngsuxaelabthkhwam Ammende Ewald Human life in Russia Cleveland J T Zubal 1984 Reprint Originally published London Allen amp Unwin 1936 The Black Deeds of the Kremlin a white book S O Pidhainy Editor In Chief Toronto Ukrainian Association of Victims of Russian Communist Terror 1953 Vol 1 Book of testimonies Vol 2 The Great Famine in Ukraine in 1932 1933 Bruski Jan Jacek 2008 Holodomor 1932 1933 Wielki Glod na Ukrainie w dokumentach polskiej dyplomacji i wywiadu phasaopaelnd Warszawa Polski Instytut Spraw Miedzynarodowych ISBN 978 83 89607 56 0 Marco Carynnyk Lubomyr Luciuk and Bohdan S Kordan eds The Foreign Office and the Famine British Documents on Ukraine and the Great Famine of 1932 1933 foreword by Michael Marrus Kingston Limestone Press 1988 Boriak H 2001 The Publication of Sources on the History of the 1932 1933 Famine Genocide History Current State and Prospects Harvard Ukrainian Studies 25 3 4 167 186 Chastushka Journal of American folklore Volume 89 Houghton Mifflin and Co 1976 Curran Declan with L Luciuk amp A G Newby co eds Famines in European Economic History The last great European famines reconsidered Routledge 2015 Davies R W The Socialist offensive the collectivization of Soviet agriculture 1929 1930 London Macmillan 1980 Der ukrainische Hunger Holocaust Stalins verschwiegener Volkermord 1932 33 an 7 Millionen ukrainischen Bauern im Spiegel geheimgehaltener Akten des deutschen Auswartigen Amtes Sonnebuhl H Wild 1988 By Dmytro Zlepko eine Dokumentation herausgegeben und eingeleitet von Dmytro Zlepko Dolot Miron Who killed them and why in remembrance of those killed in the Famine of 1932 1933 in Ukraine Cambridge Massachusetts Harvard University Ukrainian Studies Fund 1984 Execution By Hunger The Hidden Holocaust W W Norton amp Company 1985 Dushnyk Walter 50 years ago the famine holocaust in Ukraine New York Toronto World Congress of Free Ukrainians 1983 Barbara Falk Sowjetische Stadte in der Hungersnot 1932 33 Staatliche Ernahrungspolitik und stadtisches Alltagsleben Beitrage zur Geschichte Osteuropas 38 Koln Bohlau Verlag 2005 ISBN 3 412 10105 2 Furst Juliane Stalin s Last Generation Soviet Post War Youth and the Emergence of Mature Socialism Oxford University Press 2010 ISBN 978 0 19 957506 0 Gregorovich Andrew Black Famine in Ukraine 1932 33 A Struggle for Existence Forum A Ukrainian Review No 24 Scranton Ukrainian Workingmen s Association 1974 Kowalski Ludwik Hell on Earth Brutality and Violence Under the Stalinist Regime Wasteland Press 2008 ISBN 978 1 60047 232 9 Luciuk L Y ed Holodomor Reflections on the Great Famine of 1932 1933 in Soviet Ukraine Kingston Kashtan Press 2009 Halii Mykola Organized famine in Ukraine 1932 1933 Chicago Ukrainian Research and Information Institute 1963 Hlushanytsia Pavlo Tretia svitova viina Pavla Hlushanytsi The third world war of Pavlo Hlushanytsia translated by Vera Moroz Toronto Anabasis Magazine 1986 Bilingual edition in Ukrainian and English Holod na Ukraini 1932 1933 vybrani statti uporiadkuvala Nadiia Karatnyts ka New York Suchasnist 1985 Holod 1932 33 rokiv na Ukraini ochyma istorykiv movoij dokumentiv Kyiv Vydavnytstvo politychnoyi literatury Ukrainy 1990 Hryshko Vasyl The Ukrainian Holocaust of 1933 Edited and translated by Marco Carynnyk Toronto Bahrianyi Foundation Suzhero Dobrus 1983 Holodomor The Great Famine in Ukraine 1932 1933 Warsaw Kyiv 2009 Ipn gov pl 2009 khlngkhxmulekaekbcakaehlngedimemux 18 May 2015 subkhnemux 6 July 2015 International Commission of Inquiry into the 1932 33 Famine in Ukraine Proceedings transcript 23 27 May 1988 Brussels Belgium Jakob W F Sundberg President Legal Counsel World Congress of Free Ukrainians John Sopinka Alexandra Chyczij Legal Council for the commission Ian A Hunter 1988 International Commission of Inquiry into the 1932 33 Famine in Ukraine Proceedings transcript 21 October 5 November 1988 New York City Jakob W F Sundberg President Counsel for the Petitioner William Liber General Counsel Ian A Hunter 1988 International Commission of Inquiry into the 1932 1933 Famine in Ukraine Final report Jacob W F Sundberg President 1990 Proceedings of the International Commission of Inquiry and its Final report are in typescript contained in 6 vols Copies available from the World Congress of Free Ukrainians Toronto Kalynyk Oleksa Communism the enemy of mankind documents about the methods and practise of Russian Bolshevik occupation in Ukraine London The Ukrainian Youth Association in Great Britain 1955 Klady Leonard Famine Film Harvest of Despair Forum A Ukrainian Review No 61 Spring 1985 Scranton Ukrainian Fraternal Association 1985 Kolektyvizatsia i Holod na Ukraini 1929 1933 Zbirnyk documentiv i materialiv Z M Mychailycenko E P Shatalina S V Kulcycky eds Kyiv Naukova Dumka 1992 Kostiuk Hryhory Stalinist rule in Ukraine a study of the decade of mass terror 1929 1939 Munich Institut zur Erforschung der UdSSSR 1960 Kovalenko L B amp Maniak B A eds Holod 33 Narodna knyha memorial Kyiv Radians kyj pys mennyk 1991 Krawchenko Bohdan Social change and national consciousness in twentieth century Ukraine Basingstoke Macmillan in association with St Anthony s College Oxford 1985 R Kusnierz Torun 2022 03 14 thi ewyaebkaemchchin 2005 Leonard Leshuk ed Days of Famine Nights of Terror Firsthand Accounts of Soviet Collectivization 1928 1934 Kingston Kashtan Press 1995 Luciuk Lubomyr and L Grekul Holodomor Reflections on the Great Famine of 1932 1933 in Soviet Ukraine Kashtan Press Kingston 2008 Lubomyr Luciuk ed Not Worthy Walter Duranty s Pulitzer Prize and The New York Times Kingston Kashtan Press 2004 Lettere da Kharkov la carestia in Ucraina e nel Caucaso del Nord nei rapporti dei diplomatici italiani 1932 33 a cura di Andrea Graziosi Torino Einaudi 1991 Mace James E Communism and the dilemma of national liberation national communism in Soviet Ukraine 1918 1933 Cambridge Massachusetts Distributed by Harvard University Press for the Ukrainian Research Institute and the Ukrainian Academy of Arts and Sciences in the U S 1983 Makohon P Svidok Spohady pro 33 ho Toronto Anabasis Magazine 1983 Martchenko Borys La famine genocide en Ukraine 1932 1933 Paris Publications de l Est europeen 1983 Marunchak Mykhailo H Natsiia v borot bi za svoie isnuvannia 1932 i 1933 v Ukraini i diiaspori Winnipeg Nakl Ukrains koi vil noi akademii nauk v Kanadi 1985 Memorial compiled by Lubomyr Y Luciuk and Alexandra Chyczij translated into English by Marco Carynnyk Toronto Published by Kashtan Press for Canadian Friends of Memorial 1989 Bilingual edition in Ukrainian and English this is a selection of resolutions aims and objectives and other documents pertaining to the activities of the Memorial Society in Ukraine Mishchenko Oleksandr Bezkrovna viina knyha svidchen Kyiv Molod 1991 Oleksiw Stephen The agony of a nation the great man made famine in Ukraine 1932 1933 London The National Committee to Commemorate the 50th Anniversary of the Artificial Famine in Ukraine 1932 1933 1983 Pavel P Postyshev envoy of Moscow in Ukraine 1933 1934 selected newspaper articles documents and sections in books Toronto World Congress of Free Ukrainians Secretariat 1988 The 1932 33 Famine in Ukraine research documentation Pidnayny Alexandra A bibliography of the great famine in Ukraine 1932 1933 Toronto New Review Books 1975 Pravoberezhnyi Fedir 8 000 000 1933 i rik na Ukraini Winnipeg Kultura i osvita 1951 Rajca Czeslaw 2005 Glod na Ukrainie Lublin Toronto Werset ISBN 978 83 60133 04 0 Senyshyn Halyna Bibliohrafia holody v Ukraini 1932 1933 Ottawa Montreal Umman 1983 Solovei Dmytro The Golgotha of Ukraine eye witness accounts of the famine in Ukraine compiled by Dmytro Soloviy New York Ukrainian Congress Committee of America 1953 Stradnyk Petro Pravda pro soviets ku vladu v Ukraini New York N Chyhyryns kyi 1972 Taylor S J Stalin s apologist Walter Duranty the New York Times s Man in Moscow New York Oxford University Press 1990 The Foreign Office and the famine British documents on Ukraine and the great famine of 1932 1933 edited by Marco Carynnyk Lubomyr Y Luciuk and Bohdan Kor The man made famine in Ukraine Washington D C American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research 1984 Seminar Participants Robert Conquest Dana Dalrymple James Mace Michael Nowak United States Commission on the Ukraine Famine Investigation of the Ukrainian Famine 1932 1933 report to Congress Commission on the Ukraine Famine Daniel E Mica chairman James E Mace Staff Director Washington D C U S G P O 1988 United States Commission on the Ukrainian Famine Oral history project of the Commission on the Ukraine Famine James E Mace and Leonid Heretz eds Washington D C Supt of Docs U S G P O 1990 Velykyi holod v Ukraini 1932 33 zbirnyk svidchen spohadiv dopovidiv ta stattiv vyholoshenykh ta drukovanykh v 1983 rotsi na vidznachennia 50 littia holodu v Ukraini The Great Famine in Ukraine 1932 1933 a collection of memoirs speeches and essays prepared in 1983 in commemoration of the 50th anniversary of the Famine in Ukraine during 1932 33 Publication Committee members V Rudenko T Khokhitva P Makohon F Podopryhora Toronto Ukrains ke Pravoslavne Bratstvo Sv Volodymyra 1988 Bilingual edition in Ukrainian and English Verbyts kyi M Naibil shyi zlochyn Kremlia zaplianovanyi shtuchnyi holod v Ukraini 1932 1933 rokiv London Dobrus 1952 Voropai Oleksa V deviatim kruzi London England Sum 1953 Voropai Oleksa The Ninth Circle In Commemoration of the Victims of the Famine of 1933 Olexa Woropay edited with an introduction by James E Mace Cambridge Massachusetts Harvard University Ukrainian Studies Fund 1983 2000 The Scale and Nature of Stalinist Repression and its Demographic Significance On Comments by Keep and Conquest PDF 52 6 1143 1159 doi 10 1080 09668130050143860 ISSN 0966 8136 PMID 19326595 S2CID 205667754 Serbyn Roman 1986 Famine in Ukraine 1932 1933 phasaxngkvs Canada Canadian Institute of Ukrainian Studies p 208 ISBN 9780920862438 aehlngkhxmulxunwikimiediykhxmmxnsmisuxthiekiywkhxngkb hxlxdxmxr wikisxrs mingantnchbbekiywkb Joint Statement on Holodomor Holodomor Museum website subkhnemux 20 January 2021 Holodomor survivors share their stories subkhnemux 20 January 2021 Harvard Ukrainian Research Institute s MAPA Digital Atlas of Ukraine focus on the history of the Holodomor subkhnemux 20 January 2021 Gareth Jones international exposure of the Holodomor plus many related background articles subkhnemux 5 July 2006 inphasayuekhrn Famine in Ukraine 1932 1933 7 kumphaphnth 2020 thi ewyaebkaemchchin at the Central State Archive of Ukraine Stanislav Kulchytsky October 2005 Stanislav Kulchytsky Why did Stalin exterminate the Ukrainians Comprehending the Holodomor The position of Soviet historians Six part series from Part 1 Part 2 Part 3 Part 4 Part 5 Part 6 inphasayuekhrnaelarsesiy Valeriy Soldatenko A starved 1933 subjective thoughts on objective processes Kyiv Ukraine 28 June 4 July 2003 Available online lingkesiy inphasayuekhrnaelarsesiy Stanislav Kulchytsky s articles in Kyiv Ukraine How many of us perish in Holodomor on 1933 23 November 2002 29 November 2002 Available online lingkesiy Reasons of the 1933 famine in Ukraine Through the pages of one almost forgotten book 16 22 August 2003 Available online lingkesiy Reasons of the 1933 famine in Ukraine 2 4 October 2003 10 October 2003 Available online lingkesiy Demographic losses in Ukraine in the twentieth century 2 October 2004 8 October 2004 Available online lingkesiy Holodomor 33 Why and how 25 November 1 December Available online lingkesiy Ukraine Famine Revelations from the Russian Archives at the Library of Congress Sergei Melnikoff Photos of Holodomor gulag ipvnews org The General Committee decided this afternoon not to recommend the inclusion of an item on the seventy fifth anniversary of the Great Famine Holodomor of 1932 1933 in Ukraine www un org Nicolas Werth Case Study The Great Ukrainian Famine of 1932 1933 CNRS France archived from kiev usembassy gov collection of archive materials rusarchives ru official site of the www sbu gov ua archived from www cbc ca Murphy Caryle 1 October 1983 The Washington Post khlngkhxmulekaekbcakaehlngedimemux 15 March 2012 archived from www narodnaviyna org ua Oksana Kis Defying Death Women s Experience of the Holodomor 1932 1933 www academia edu