หินกวาง (อังกฤษ: Deer stones) หรือ หินเรนเดียร์ (อังกฤษ: reindeer stones) หรือที่บางครั้งอรียก กลุ่มหินกวาง-คีรีกซูร์ (Deer stone-khirigsuur complex; DSKC) ควบคู่กับหมู่หลุมศพ เป็นหินเดี่ยวก้อนใหญ่แกะสลักด้วยสัญลักณ์ซึ่งพบได้ส่วนใหญ่ในไซบีเรียและมองโกเลีย ชื่อ "กวาง" ในที่นี้มาจากการแกะสลักรูปกวางบิน หินกวางมีความเกี่ยวพันกับสมัยยุคสัมฤทธิ์ตอนปลายในแง่ของวิถีชีวิตและเทคโนโลยี
ภูมิภาค | , มองโกเลีย |
---|---|
สมัย | ยุคสัมฤทธิ์, ตอนต้น |
ช่วงเวลา | 1200 — 700 BCE |
ก่อนหน้า | , , |
ถัดไป | , , |
หินกวางเป็นส่วนหนึ่งของธรรมเนียมทางจิตวิญญาณในการสร้างหลุมศพนูนด้วยหินที่พบในมองโกเลียและพื้นที่โดยรอบมาตั้งแต่ยุคสัมฤทธิ์ (ca. 3000–700 BCE) วัฒนธรรมมากมายที่มีขอบเขตอยู่ในบริเวณนี้ และล้วนมีส่วนสร้างอนุสรณ์จากหินขนาดใหญ่ เช่น , , และ วัฒนธรรมหินกวางมีอายุอยู่ระหว่าง 1200 ถึง 700 ปีก่อนคริสต์กาล และมีอยู่มาก่อน
ในมองโกเลีย หินกวางมักจะเกี่ยวเนื่องกันกับหลุมศพนูน และเป็นไปได้ว่ารวมกันเป็นส่วนหนึ่งของธรรมเนียมพิธีศพในระห่วาง 1200-700 ปีก่อนคริสต์กาล[5]
อ้างอิง
- Fitzhugh 2009.
- Fitzhugh 2009a, p. 183.
- Fitzhugh 2009b, p. 73, Because deer stone art illustrates many features of the lives and technology of these late Bronze Age peoples....
- Taylor, William; Wilkin, Shevan; Wright, Joshua; Dee, Michael; Erdene, Myagmar; Clark, Julia; Tuvshinjargal, Tumurbaatar; Bayarsaikhan, Jamsranjav; Fitzhugh, William; Boivin, Nicole (6 November 2019). "Radiocarbon dating and cultural dynamics across Mongolia's early pastoral transition". PLoS ONE. 14 (11): e0224241. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0224241. ISSN 1932-6203.
One rare source of empirically dateable material useful for understanding eastern Eurasia’s pastoral tradition comes from the stone burial mounds and monumental constructions that began to appear across the landscape of Mongolia and adjacent regions during the Bronze Age (ca. 3000–700 BCE). Here, along with presenting 28 new radiocarbon dates from Mongolia’s earliest pastoral monumental burials, we synthesise, critically analyse, and model existing dates to present the first precision Bayesian radiocarbon model for the emergence and geographic spread of Bronze Age monument and burial forms. Model results demonstrate a cultural succession between ambiguously dated Afanasievo, Chemurchek, and Munkhkhairkhan traditions. Geographic patterning reveals the existence of important cultural frontiers during the second millennium BCE.
- Fitzhugh 2009a, p. 183, "Often accompanied by stone burial mounds with fenced perimeters and satellite mounds, deer stones and khirigsuurs are interlinked components of a single Late Bronze Age mortuary ceremonial system dating to ca. 1200-700 BC.".
บรรณานุกรม
- Jeong, Choongwon; Wang, Ke; Wilkin, Shevan; Taylor, William Timothy Treal; Miller, Bryan K.; Bemmann, Jan H.; Stahl, Raphaela; Chiovelli, Chelsea; Knolle, Florian; Ulziibayar, Sodnom; Khatanbaatar, Dorjpurev; Erdenebaatar, Diimaajav; Erdenebat, Ulambayar; Ochir, Ayudai; Ankhsanaa, Ganbold; Vanchigdash, Chuluunkhuu; Ochir, Battuga; Munkhbayar, Chuluunbat; Tumen, Dashzeveg; Kovalev, Alexey; Kradin, Nikolay; Bazarov, Bilikto A.; Miyagashev, Denis A.; Konovalov, Prokopiy B.; Zhambaltarova, Elena; Miller, Alicia Ventresca; Haak, Wolfgang; Schiffels, Stephan; Krause, Johannes; Boivin, Nicole; Erdene, Myagmar; Hendy, Jessica; Warinner, Christina (12 November 2020). "A Dynamic 6,000-Year Genetic History of Eurasia's Eastern Steppe". Cell. 183 (4): 890–904.e29. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2020.10.015. ISSN 0092-8674.
- Eric A. Powell - Mongolia (Archaeology magazine January/February 2006)
- Jacobson, Esther, The Deer Goddess of Ancient Siberia BRILL, 1993 ISBN
- Masson, Vadim, History of Civilizations of Central Asia, Volume 1 Motilal Banarsidass Publ., 1999 ISBN
- Cremin, Aedeen, Archaeologica: The World's Most Significant Sites and Cultural Treasures frances lincoln ltd, 2007 ISBN p 236
- History of Civilizations of Central Asia UNESCO, 1992 ISBN
- Jacobson-Tepfer, Esther (2023). "Deer Stones (pp.155–191)". Monumental Archaeology in the Mongolian Altai (ภาษาอังกฤษ). Brill. ISBN .
- Magail Jérôme (2004).– Les « Pierres à cerfs » de Mongolie, cosmologie des pasteurs, chasseurs et guerriers des steppes du Ier millénaire avant notre ère. International Newsletter on Rock Art, Editor Dr Jean Clottes, n° 39, pp. 17–27. ISSN 1022-3282
- Magail Jérôme (2005a).– Les « Pierres à cerfs » de Mongolie. Arts asiatiques, revue du Musée national des Arts asiatiques –Guimet 2013-12-13 ที่ เวย์แบ็กแมชชีน, n° 60, pp. 172-180. ISSN 0004-3958
- Magail Jérôme (2005b).– Les « pierres à cerfs » des vallées Hunuy et Tamir en Mongolie, Bulletin du Musée d’Anthropologie préhistorique de Monaco, Monaco, n° 45, pp. 41–56. ISSN 0544-7631
- Magail Jérôme (2008).– Tsatsiin Ereg, site majeur du début du Ier millénaire en Mongolie. Bulletin du Musée d’Anthropologie préhistorique de Monaco 2016-12-02 ที่ เวย์แบ็กแมชชีน, 48, pp. 107-120. ISSN 0544-7631
- Rawson, Jessica (June 2020). "Chariotry and Prone Burials: Reassessing Late Shang China's Relationship with Its Northern Neighbours". Journal of World Prehistory. 33 (2): 135–168. doi:10.1007/s10963-020-09142-4.
- Savinov D.G. : Савинов Д. Г. (1994).- Оленные камни в культуре кочевников Евразии. Санкт-Петербург, 209 с.
- Fitzhugh, William (2009a). "The Mongolian Deer Stone-Khirigsuur Complex: Dating and Organization of a Late Bronze Age Menagerie" (PDF). ใน J Bemmann; H Parzinger; E Pohl; D Tseveendorj (บ.ก.). Current Archaeological Research in Mongolia. Bonn: Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universitat. pp. 183–199.
- Fitzhugh, W. W. (1 January 2009b). "Stone Shamans and Flying Deer of Northern Mongolia: Deer Goddess of Siberia or Chimera of the Steppe?". Arctic Anthropology (ภาษาอังกฤษ). 46 (1–2): 72–88. doi:10.1353/arc.0.0025. ISSN 0066-6939.
- Volkov,V.V. (1995). - Chapter 20 Early Nomads of Mongolia in Nomads of the Eurasian Steppes in the Early Iron Age Edited by Davis-Kimball, J. et al. ISBN
- Taylor, William T. T.; Cao, Jinping; Fan, Wenquan; Ma, Xiaolin; Hou, Yanfeng; Wang, Juan; Li, Yue; Zhang, Chengrui; Miton, Helena; Chechushkov, Igor; Bayarsaikhan, Jamsranjav; Cook, Robert; Jones, Emily L.; Mijiddorj, Enkhbayar; Odbaatar, Tserendorj; Bayandelger, Chinbold; Morrison, Barbara; Miller, Bryan (December 2021). "Understanding early horse transport in eastern Eurasia through analysis of equine dentition". Antiquity (ภาษาอังกฤษ). 95 (384): 1478–1494. doi:10.15184/aqy.2021.146. ISSN 0003-598X.
- Volkov V.V. : Волков В.В. (1981).- Оленные камни Монголии. Улан-Батор.
- Volkov V.V. : Волков В.В. (2002).- Оленные камни Монголии. Москва.
wikipedia, แบบไทย, วิกิพีเดีย, วิกิ หนังสือ, หนังสือ, ห้องสมุด, บทความ, อ่าน, ดาวน์โหลด, ฟรี, ดาวน์โหลดฟรี, mp3, วิดีโอ, mp4, 3gp, jpg, jpeg, gif, png, รูปภาพ, เพลง, เพลง, หนัง, หนังสือ, เกม, เกม, มือถือ, โทรศัพท์, Android, iOS, Apple, โทรศัพท์โมบิล, Samsung, iPhone, Xiomi, Xiaomi, Redmi, Honor, Oppo, Nokia, Sonya, MI, PC, พีซี, web, เว็บ, คอมพิวเตอร์
hinkwang xngkvs Deer stones hrux hinernediyr xngkvs reindeer stones hruxthibangkhrngxriyk klumhinkwang khiriksur Deer stone khirigsuur complex DSKC khwbkhukbhmuhlumsph epnhinediywkxnihyaekaslkdwysylknsungphbidswnihyinisbieriyaelamxngokeliy chux kwang inthinimacakkaraekaslkrupkwangbin hinkwangmikhwamekiywphnkbsmyyukhsmvththitxnplayinaengkhxngwithichiwitaelaethkhonolyiwthnthrrmhinkwangphumiphakh mxngokeliysmyyukhsmvththi txntnchwngewla1200 700 BCEkxnhna thdip hinkwangepnswnhnungkhxngthrrmeniymthangcitwiyyaninkarsranghlumsphnundwyhinthiphbinmxngokeliyaelaphunthiodyrxbmatngaetyukhsmvththi ca 3000 700 BCE wthnthrrmmakmaythimikhxbekhtxyuinbriewnni aelalwnmiswnsrangxnusrncakhinkhnadihy echn aela wthnthrrmhinkwangmixayuxyurahwang 1200 thung 700 pikxnkhristkal aelamixyumakxn inmxngokeliy hinkwangmkcaekiywenuxngknkbhlumsphnun aelaepnipidwarwmknepnswnhnungkhxngthrrmeniymphithisphinrahwang 1200 700 pikxnkhristkal 5 xangxingFitzhugh 2009 sfn error no target CITEREFFitzhugh2009 Fitzhugh 2009a p 183 Fitzhugh 2009b p 73 Because deer stone art illustrates many features of the lives and technology of these late Bronze Age peoples Taylor William Wilkin Shevan Wright Joshua Dee Michael Erdene Myagmar Clark Julia Tuvshinjargal Tumurbaatar Bayarsaikhan Jamsranjav Fitzhugh William Boivin Nicole 6 November 2019 Radiocarbon dating and cultural dynamics across Mongolia s early pastoral transition PLoS ONE 14 11 e0224241 doi 10 1371 journal pone 0224241 ISSN 1932 6203 One rare source of empirically dateable material useful for understanding eastern Eurasia s pastoral tradition comes from the stone burial mounds and monumental constructions that began to appear across the landscape of Mongolia and adjacent regions during the Bronze Age ca 3000 700 BCE Here along with presenting 28 new radiocarbon dates from Mongolia s earliest pastoral monumental burials we synthesise critically analyse and model existing dates to present the first precision Bayesian radiocarbon model for the emergence and geographic spread of Bronze Age monument and burial forms Model results demonstrate a cultural succession between ambiguously dated Afanasievo Chemurchek and Munkhkhairkhan traditions Geographic patterning reveals the existence of important cultural frontiers during the second millennium BCE Fitzhugh 2009a p 183 Often accompanied by stone burial mounds with fenced perimeters and satellite mounds deer stones and khirigsuurs are interlinked components of a single Late Bronze Age mortuary ceremonial system dating to ca 1200 700 BC brrnanukrm Jeong Choongwon Wang Ke Wilkin Shevan Taylor William Timothy Treal Miller Bryan K Bemmann Jan H Stahl Raphaela Chiovelli Chelsea Knolle Florian Ulziibayar Sodnom Khatanbaatar Dorjpurev Erdenebaatar Diimaajav Erdenebat Ulambayar Ochir Ayudai Ankhsanaa Ganbold Vanchigdash Chuluunkhuu Ochir Battuga Munkhbayar Chuluunbat Tumen Dashzeveg Kovalev Alexey Kradin Nikolay Bazarov Bilikto A Miyagashev Denis A Konovalov Prokopiy B Zhambaltarova Elena Miller Alicia Ventresca Haak Wolfgang Schiffels Stephan Krause Johannes Boivin Nicole Erdene Myagmar Hendy Jessica Warinner Christina 12 November 2020 A Dynamic 6 000 Year Genetic History of Eurasia s Eastern Steppe Cell 183 4 890 904 e29 doi 10 1016 j cell 2020 10 015 ISSN 0092 8674 Eric A Powell Mongolia Archaeology magazine January February 2006 Jacobson Esther The Deer Goddess of Ancient Siberia BRILL 1993 ISBN 978 90 04 09628 8 Masson Vadim History of Civilizations of Central Asia Volume 1 Motilal Banarsidass Publ 1999 ISBN 9788120814073 Cremin Aedeen Archaeologica The World s Most Significant Sites and Cultural Treasures frances lincoln ltd 2007 ISBN 978 0 7112 2822 1 p 236 History of Civilizations of Central Asia UNESCO 1992 ISBN 978 92 3 102719 2 Jacobson Tepfer Esther 2023 Deer Stones pp 155 191 Monumental Archaeology in the Mongolian Altai phasaxngkvs Brill ISBN 978 90 04 54130 6 Magail Jerome 2004 Les Pierres a cerfs de Mongolie cosmologie des pasteurs chasseurs et guerriers des steppes du Ier millenaire avant notre ere International Newsletter on Rock Art Editor Dr Jean Clottes n 39 pp 17 27 ISSN 1022 3282 Magail Jerome 2005a Les Pierres a cerfs de Mongolie Arts asiatiques revue du Musee national des Arts asiatiques Guimet 2013 12 13 thi ewyaebkaemchchin n 60 pp 172 180 ISSN 0004 3958 Magail Jerome 2005b Les pierres a cerfs des vallees Hunuy et Tamir en Mongolie Bulletin du Musee d Anthropologie prehistorique de Monaco Monaco n 45 pp 41 56 ISSN 0544 7631 Magail Jerome 2008 Tsatsiin Ereg site majeur du debut du Ier millenaire en Mongolie Bulletin du Musee d Anthropologie prehistorique de Monaco 2016 12 02 thi ewyaebkaemchchin 48 pp 107 120 ISSN 0544 7631 Rawson Jessica June 2020 Chariotry and Prone Burials Reassessing Late Shang China s Relationship with Its Northern Neighbours Journal of World Prehistory 33 2 135 168 doi 10 1007 s10963 020 09142 4 Savinov D G Savinov D G 1994 Olennye kamni v kulture kochevnikov Evrazii Sankt Peterburg 209 s Fitzhugh William 2009a The Mongolian Deer Stone Khirigsuur Complex Dating and Organization of a Late Bronze Age Menagerie PDF in J Bemmann H Parzinger E Pohl D Tseveendorj b k Current Archaeological Research in Mongolia Bonn Rheinische Friedrich Wilhelms Universitat pp 183 199 Fitzhugh W W 1 January 2009b Stone Shamans and Flying Deer of Northern Mongolia Deer Goddess of Siberia or Chimera of the Steppe Arctic Anthropology phasaxngkvs 46 1 2 72 88 doi 10 1353 arc 0 0025 ISSN 0066 6939 Volkov V V 1995 Chapter 20 Early Nomads of Mongolia in Nomads of the Eurasian Steppes in the Early Iron Age Edited by Davis Kimball J et al ISBN 1 885979 00 2 Taylor William T T Cao Jinping Fan Wenquan Ma Xiaolin Hou Yanfeng Wang Juan Li Yue Zhang Chengrui Miton Helena Chechushkov Igor Bayarsaikhan Jamsranjav Cook Robert Jones Emily L Mijiddorj Enkhbayar Odbaatar Tserendorj Bayandelger Chinbold Morrison Barbara Miller Bryan December 2021 Understanding early horse transport in eastern Eurasia through analysis of equine dentition Antiquity phasaxngkvs 95 384 1478 1494 doi 10 15184 aqy 2021 146 ISSN 0003 598X Volkov V V Volkov V V 1981 Olennye kamni Mongolii Ulan Bator Volkov V V Volkov V V 2002 Olennye kamni Mongolii Moskva