เหตุผลเป็นความสามารถโดยเจตนาในการประยุกต์ตรรกะเพื่อค้นหาความจริง และสร้างข้อสรุปขึ้นใหม่หรือจากข้อมูลที่มีอยู่เดิม เหตุผลมีความเกี่ยวพันอย่างมากกับกิจกรรมที่เป็นเอกลักษณ์ของมนุษย์ เช่น ปรัชญา, วิทยาศาสตร์, ภาษา, คณิตศาสตร์ และศิลปะ และโดยทั่วไปมักถือกันว่าการมีเหตุผลเป็นคุณลักษณะพิเศษที่ใช้แยกมนุษย์จากสิ่งมีชีวิตอื่น บางครั้งอาจเรียกเหตุผลว่า (rationality)
ส่วน การให้เหตุผล เกี่ยวข้องการและรับรู้ รวมถึงการใช้ปัญญาของบุคคลหนึ่ง ๆ ประกอบ วิชาตรรกะคือการศึกษาวิธีการใช้ของมนุษย์เพื่อใช้เหตุผลผลิตที่
อ้างอิง
- Proudfoot, Michael (2010). The Routledge dictionary of philosophy. A. R. Lacey, A. R.. Lacey (4th ed.). London: Routledge. p. 341. ISBN . OCLC 503050369.
Reason: A general faculty common to all or nearly all humans...this faculty has seemed to be of two sorts, a faculty of intuition by which one 'sees' truths or abstract things ('essences' or universals, etc.), and a faculty of reasoning, i.e. passing from premises to a conclusion (discursive reason). The verb 'reason is confined to this latter sense, which is now anyway the commonest for the noun too
- Rescher, Nicholas (2005). The Oxford companion to philosophy. Ted Honderich (2nd ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 791. ISBN . OCLC 62563098.
reason. The general human 'faculty' or capacity for truth-seeking and problem solving
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: CS1 maint: date and year () - Mercier, Hugo; (2017). The Enigma of Reason. Cambridge, MA: . p. 2. ISBN . OCLC 959650235.
Enhanced with reason, cognition can secure better knowledge in all domains and adjust action to novel and ambitious goals, or so the story goes. [...] Understanding why only a few species have echolocation is easy. Understanding why only humans have reason is much more challenging.
Compare: (1999). Dependent Rational Animals: Why Human Beings Need the Virtues. The Paul Carus Lectures. Vol. 20. . ISBN . OCLC 40632451. สืบค้นเมื่อ 2014-12-01.[...] the exercise of independent practical reasoning is one essential constituent to full human flourishing. It is not—as I have already insisted—that one cannot flourish at all, if unable to reason. Nonetheless not to be able to reason soundly at the level of practice is a grave disability.
- See, for example:
- Amoretti, Maria Cristina; , บ.ก. (2013). Reason and Rationality. Philosophische Analyse / Philosophical Analysis. Vol. 48. Berlin: . doi:10.1515/9783110325867. ISBN . OCLC 807032616.
- (2001). The Architecture of Reason: The Structure and Substance of Rationality. Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195158427.001.0001. ISBN . OCLC 44046914.
- (2008). On Reason: Rationality in a World of Cultural Conflict and Racism. Durham, NC: . doi:10.1215/9780822388777. ISBN . OCLC 180989486.
- (1988). Rationality: A Philosophical Inquiry into the Nature and the Rationale of Reason. Clarendon Library of Logic and Philosophy. Oxford; New York: ; . ISBN . OCLC 17954516.
- "Philosophy of logic". Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. สืบค้นเมื่อ 12 November 2013.
แหล่งข้อมูลอื่น
- เหตุผล ที่
- Beer, Francis A., "Words of Reason", Political Communication 11 (Summer, 1994): 185–201.
- (1991), How We Know What Isn't So: The Fallibility of Human Reason in Everyday Life, New York: The , ISBN
- , On Faith and Reason 2013-05-22 ที่ เวย์แบ็กแมชชีน, The Harmonist, May 27, 2009.
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