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 | นี่เป็นมอดูลที่ถูกป้องกันถาวรเนื่องจากมีความเสี่ยงสูง กรุณาอภิปรายการเปลี่ยนแปลงใด ๆ ทาง(หน้าคุย) คุณอาจส่งคำขอแก้ไขไปยังเพื่อให้แก้ไขได้หากเป็นการแก้ไขที่ไม่มีการคัดค้านหรือมีความเห็นพ้องสนับสนุน คุณยังสามารถขอให้เลิกป้องกันหน้าได้ |
คู่มือการใช้งานมอดูล[สร้าง]| คุณอาจจะต้องการสร้างคู่มือการใช้งานของนี้ ผู้เขียนสามารถทำการทดลองได้ที่(กระบะทราย) (แก้ | ดูความแตกต่าง) และชุดทดสอบ (สร้าง) ของมอดูลนี้ โปรดเพิ่มหมวดหมู่ไปที่หน้าย่อย |
-- Convert a value from one unit of measurement to another. -- Example: {{convert|123|lb|kg}} --> 123 pounds (56 kg) -- See [[:en:Template:Convert/Transwiki guide]] if copying to another wiki. local MINUS = '−' -- Unicode U+2212 MINUS SIGN (UTF-8: e2 88 92) local abs = math.abs local floor = math.floor local format = string.format local log10 = math.log10 local ustring = mw.ustring local ulen = ustring.len local usub = ustring.sub -- Configuration options to keep magic values in one location. -- Conversion data and message text are defined in separate modules. local config, maxsigfig local numdot -- must be '.' or ',' or a character which works in a regex local numsep, numsep_remove, numsep_remove2 local data_code, all_units local text_code local varname -- can be a code to use variable names that depend on value local from_en_table -- to translate an output string of en digits to local language local to_en_table -- to translate an input string of digits in local language to en -- Use translation_table in convert/text to change the following. local en_default -- true uses lang=en unless convert has lang=local or local digits local group_method = 3 -- code for how many digits are in a group local per_word = 'per' -- for units like "liters per kilometer" local plural_suffix = 's' -- only other useful value is probably '' to disable plural unit names local omitsep -- true to omit separator before local symbol/name -- All units should be defined in the data module. However, to cater for quick changes -- and experiments, any unknown unit is looked up in an extra data module, if it exists. -- That module would be transcluded in only a small number of pages, so there should be -- little server overhead from making changes, and changes should propagate quickly. local extra_module -- name of module with extra units local extra_units -- nil or table of extra units from extra_module -- Some options in the invoking template can set variables used later in the module. local currency_text -- for a user-defined currency symbol: {{convert|12|$/ha|$=€}} (euro replaces dollar) local function from_en(text) -- Input is a string representing a number in en digits with '.' decimal mark, -- without digit grouping (which is done just after calling this). -- Return the translation of the string with numdot and digits in local language. if numdot ~= '.' then text = text:gsub('%.', numdot) end if from_en_table then text = text:gsub('%d', from_en_table) end return text end local function to_en(text) -- Input is a string representing a number in the local language with -- an optional numdot decimal mark and numsep digit grouping. -- Return the translation of the string with '.' mark and en digits, -- and no separators (they have to be removed here to handle cases like -- numsep = '.' and numdot = ',' with input "1.234.567,8"). if to_en_table then text = ustring.gsub(text, '%d', to_en_table) end if numsep_remove then text = text:gsub(numsep_remove, '') end if numsep_remove2 then text = text:gsub(numsep_remove2, '') end if numdot ~= '.' then text = text:gsub(numdot, '.') end return text end local function decimal_mark(text) -- Return ',' if text probably is using comma for decimal mark, or has no decimal mark. -- Return '.' if text probably is using dot for decimal mark. -- Otherwise return nothing (decimal mark not known). if not text:find('[.,]') then return ',' end text = text:gsub('^%-', ''):gsub('%+%d+/%d+$', ''):gsub('[Ee]%-?%d+$', '') local decimal = text:match('^0?([.,])%d+$') or text:match('%d([.,])%d?%d?$') or text:match('%d([.,])%d%d%d%d+$') if decimal then return decimal end if text:match('%.%d+%.') then return ',' end if text:match('%,%d+,') then return '.' end end local add_warning, with_separator -- forward declarations local function to_en_with_check(text, parms) -- Version of to_en() for a wiki using numdot = ',' and numsep = '.' to check -- text (an input number as a string) which might have been copied from enwiki. -- For example, in '1.234' the '.' could be a decimal mark or a group separator. -- From viwiki. if to_en_table then text = ustring.gsub(text, '%d', to_en_table) end if decimal_mark(text) == '.' then local original = text text = text:gsub(',', '') -- for example, interpret "1,234.5" as an enwiki value if parms then add_warning(parms, 0, 'cvt_enwiki_num', original, with_separator({}, text)) end else if numsep_remove then text = text:gsub(numsep_remove, '') end if numsep_remove2 then text = text:gsub(numsep_remove2, '') end if numdot ~= '.' then text = text:gsub(numdot, '.') end end return text end local function omit_separator(id) -- Return true if there should be no separator before id (a unit symbol or name). -- For zhwiki, there should be no separator if id uses local characters. -- The following kludge should be a sufficient test. if omitsep then if id:sub(1, 2) == '-{' then -- for "-{...}-" content language variant return true end if id:byte() > 127 then local first = usub(id, 1, 1) if first ~= 'Å' and first ~= '°' and first ~= 'µ' then return true end end end return id:sub(1, 1) == '/' -- no separator before units like "/ha" end local spell_module -- name of module that can spell numbers local speller -- function from that module to handle spelling (set if needed) local wikidata_module, wikidata_data_module -- names of Wikidata modules local wikidata_code, wikidata_data -- exported tables from those modules (set if needed) local function set_config(args) -- Set configuration options from template #invoke or defaults. config = args maxsigfig = config.maxsigfig or 14 -- maximum number of significant figures local data_module, text_module local sandbox = config.sandbox and ('/' .. config.sandbox) or '' data_module = "Module:Convert/data" .. sandbox text_module = "Module:Convert/text" .. sandbox extra_module = "Module:Convert/extra" .. sandbox wikidata_module = "Module:Convert/wikidata" .. sandbox wikidata_data_module = "Module:Convert/wikidata/data" .. sandbox spell_module = "Module:ConvertNumeric" data_code = mw.loadData(data_module) text_code = mw.loadData(text_module) all_units = data_code.all_units local translation = text_code.translation_table if translation then numdot = translation.numdot numsep = translation.numsep if numdot == ',' and numsep == '.' then if text_code.all_messages.cvt_enwiki_num then to_en = to_en_with_check end end if translation.group then group_method = translation.group end if translation.per_word then per_word = translation.per_word end if translation.plural_suffix then plural_suffix = translation.plural_suffix end varname = translation.varname from_en_table = translation.from_en local use_workaround = true if use_workaround then -- 2013-07-05 workaround bug by making a copy of the required table. -- mw.ustring.gsub fails with a table (to_en_table) as the replacement, -- if the table is accessed via mw.loadData. local source = translation.to_en if source then to_en_table = {} for k, v in pairs(source) do to_en_table[k] = v end end else to_en_table = translation.to_en end if translation.lang == 'en default' then en_default = true -- for hiwiki end omitsep = translation.omitsep -- for zhwiki end numdot = config.numdot or numdot or '.' -- decimal mark before fractional digits numsep = config.numsep or numsep or ',' -- group separator for numbers -- numsep should be ',' or '.' or '' or ' ' or a Unicode character. -- numsep_remove must work in a regex to identify separators to be removed. if numsep ~= '' then numsep_remove = (numsep == '.') and '%.' or numsep end if numsep ~= ',' and numdot ~= ',' then numsep_remove2 = ',' -- so numbers copied from enwiki will work end end local function collection() -- Return a table to hold items. return { n = 0, add = function (self, item) self.n = self.n + 1 self[self.n] = item end, } end local function divide(numerator, denominator) -- Return integers quotient, remainder resulting from dividing the two -- given numbers, which should be unsigned integers. local quotient, remainder = floor(numerator / denominator), numerator % denominator if not (0 <= remainder and remainder < denominator) then -- Floating point limits may need this, as in {{convert|160.02|Ym|ydftin}}. remainder = 0 end return quotient, remainder end local function split(text, delimiter) -- Return a numbered table with fields from splitting text. -- The delimiter is used in a regex without escaping (for example, '.' would fail). -- Each field has any leading/trailing whitespace removed. local t = {} text = text .. delimiter -- to get last item for item in text:gmatch('%s*(.-)%s*' .. delimiter) do table.insert(t, item) end return t end local function strip(text) -- If text is a string, return its content with no leading/trailing -- whitespace. Otherwise return nil (a nil argument gives a nil result). if type(text) == 'string' then return text:match("^%s*(.-)%s*$") end end local function table_len(t) -- Return length (<100) of a numbered table to replace #t which is -- documented to not work if t is accessed via mw.loadData(). for i = 1, 100 do if t[i] == nil then return i - 1 end end end local function wanted_category(catkey, catsort, want_warning) -- Return message category if it is wanted in current namespace, -- otherwise return ''. local cat local title = mw.title.getCurrentTitle() if title then local nsdefault = '0' -- default namespace: '0' = article; '0,10' = article and template local namespace = title.namespace for _, v in ipairs(split(config.nscat or nsdefault, ',')) do if namespace == tonumber(v) then cat = text_code.all_categories[want_warning and 'warning' or catkey] if catsort and catsort ~= '' and cat:sub(-2) == ']]' then cat = cat:sub(1, -3) .. '|' .. mw.text.nowiki(usub(catsort, 1, 20)) .. ']]' end break end end end return cat or '' end local function message(parms, mcode, is_warning) -- Return wikitext for an error message, including category if specified -- for the message type. -- mcode = numbered table specifying the message: -- mcode[1] = 'cvt_xxx' (string used as a key to get message info) -- mcode[2] = 'parm1' (string to replace '$1' if any in message) -- mcode[3] = 'parm2' (string to replace '$2' if any in message) -- mcode[4] = 'parm3' (string to replace '$3' if any in message) local msg if type(mcode) == 'table' then if mcode[1] == 'cvt_no_output' then -- Some errors should cause convert to output an empty string, -- for example, for an optional field in an infobox. return '' end msg = text_code.all_messages[mcode[1]] end parms.have_problem = true local function subparm(fmt, ...) local rep = {} for i, v in ipairs({...}) do rep['$' .. i] = v end return (fmt:gsub('$%d+', rep)) end if msg then local parts = {} local regex, replace = msg.regex, msg.replace for i = 1, 3 do local limit = 40 local s = mcode[i + 1] if s then if regex and replace then s = s:gsub(regex, replace) limit = nil -- allow long "should be" messages end -- Escape user input so it does not break the message. -- To avoid tags (like {{convert|1<math>23</math>|m}}) breaking -- the mouseover title, any strip marker starting with char(127) is -- replaced with '...' (text not needing i18n). local append local pos = s:find(string.char(127), 1, true) if pos then append = '...' s = s:sub(1, pos - 1) end if limit and ulen(s) > limit then s = usub(s, 1, limit) append = '...' end s = mw.text.nowiki(s) .. (append or '') else s = '?' end parts['$' .. i] = s end local function ispreview() -- Return true if a prominent message should be shown. if parms.test == 'preview' or parms.test == 'nopreview' then -- For testing, can preview a real message or simulate a preview -- when running automated tests. return parms.test == 'preview' end local success, revid = pcall(function () return (parms.frame):preprocess('{{REVISIONID}}') end) return success and (revid == '') end local want_warning = is_warning and not config.warnings and -- show unobtrusive warnings if config.warnings not configured not msg.nowarn -- but use msg settings, not standard warning, if specified local title = string.gsub(msg[1] or 'Missing message', '$%d+', parts) local text = want_warning and '*' or msg[2] or 'Missing message' local cat = wanted_category(msg[3], mcode[2], want_warning) local anchor = msg[4] or '' local fmtkey = ispreview() and 'cvt_format_preview' or (want_warning and 'cvt_format2' or msg.format or 'cvt_format') local fmt = text_code.all_messages[fmtkey] or 'convert: bug' return subparm(fmt, title:gsub('"', '"'), text, cat, anchor) end return 'Convert internal error: unknown message' end function add_warning(parms, level, key, text1, text2) -- for forward declaration above -- If enabled, add a warning that will be displayed after the convert result. -- A higher level is more verbose: more kinds of warnings are displayed. -- To reduce output noise, only the first warning is displayed. if level <= (tonumber(config.warnings) or 1) then if parms.warnings == nil then parms.warnings = message(parms, { key, text1, text2 }, true) end end end local function spell_number(parms, inout, number, numerator, denominator) -- Return result of spelling (number, numerator, denominator), or -- return nil if spelling is not available or not supported for given text. -- Examples (each value must be a string or nil): -- number numerator denominator output -- ------ --------- ----------- ------------------- -- "1.23" nil nil one point two three -- "1" "2" "3" one and two thirds -- nil "2" "3" two thirds if not speller then local function get_speller(module) return require(module).spell_number end local success success, speller = pcall(get_speller, spell_module) if not success or type(speller) ~= 'function' then add_warning(parms, 1, 'cvt_no_spell', 'spell') return nil end end local case if parms.spell_upper == inout then case = true parms.spell_upper = nil -- only uppercase first word in a multiple unit end local sp = not parms.opt_sp_us local adj = parms.opt_adjectival return speller(number, numerator, denominator, case, sp, adj) end ------------------------------------------------------------------------ -- BEGIN: Code required only for built-in units. -- LATER: If need much more code, move to another module to simplify this module. local function speed_of_sound(altitude) -- This is for the Mach built-in unit of speed. -- Return speed of sound in metres per second at given altitude in feet. -- If no altitude given, use default (zero altitude = sea level). -- Table gives speed of sound in miles per hour at various altitudes: -- altitude = -17,499 to 302,499 feet -- mach_table[a + 4] = s where -- a = (altitude / 5000) rounded to nearest integer (-3 to 60) -- s = speed of sound (mph) at that altitude -- LATER: Should calculate result from an interpolation between the next -- lower and higher altitudes in table, rather than rounding to nearest. -- From: http://www.aerospaceweb.org/question/atmosphere/q0112.shtml local mach_table = { -- a = 799.5, 787.0, 774.2, 761.207051, -- -3 to 0 748.0, 734.6, 721.0, 707.0, 692.8, 678.3, 663.5, 660.1, 660.1, 660.1, -- 1 to 10 660.1, 660.1, 660.1, 662.0, 664.3, 666.5, 668.9, 671.1, 673.4, 675.6, -- 11 to 20 677.9, 683.7, 689.9, 696.0, 702.1, 708.1, 714.0, 719.9, 725.8, 731.6, -- 21 to 30 737.3, 737.7, 737.7, 736.2, 730.5, 724.6, 718.8, 712.9, 707.0, 701.1, -- 31 to 40 695.0, 688.9, 682.8, 676.6, 670.4, 664.1, 657.8, 652.9, 648.3, 643.7, -- 41 to 50 639.1, 634.4, 629.6, 624.8, 620.0, 615.2, 613.2, 613.2, 613.2, 613.5, -- 51 to 60 } altitude = altitude or 0 local a = (altitude < 0) and -altitude or altitude a = floor(a / 5000 + 0.5) if altitude < 0 then a = -a end if a < -3 then a = -3 elseif a > 60 then a = 60 end return mach_table[a + 4] * 0.44704 -- mph converted to m/s end -- END: Code required only for built-in units. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ local function get_range(word) -- Return a range (string or table) corresponding to word (like "to"), -- or return nil if not a range word. local ranges = text_code.ranges return ranges.types[word] or ranges.types[ranges.aliases[word]] end local function check_mismatch(unit1, unit2) -- If unit1 cannot be converted to unit2, return an error message table. -- This allows conversion between units of the same type, and between -- Nm (normally torque) and ftlb (energy), as in gun-related articles. -- This works because Nm is the base unit (scale = 1) for both the -- primary type (torque), and the alternate type (energy, where Nm = J). -- A match occurs if the primary types are the same, or if unit1 matches -- the alternate type of unit2, and vice versa. That provides a whitelist -- of which conversions are permitted between normally incompatible types. if unit1.utype == unit2.utype or (unit1.utype == unit2.alttype and unit1.alttype == unit2.utype) then return nil end return { 'cvt_mismatch', unit1.utype, unit2.utype } end local function override_from(out_table, in_table, fields) -- Copy the specified fields from in_table to out_table, but do not -- copy nil fields (keep any corresponding field in out_table). for _, field in ipairs(fields) do if in_table[field] then out_table[field] = in_table[field] end end end local function shallow_copy(t) -- Return a shallow copy of table t. -- Do not need the features and overhead of the Scribunto mw.clone(). local result = {} for k, v in pairs(t) do result[k] = v end return result end local unit_mt = { -- Metatable to get missing values for a unit that does not accept SI prefixes. -- Warning: The boolean value 'false' is returned for any missing field -- so __index is not called twice for the same field in a given unit. __index = function (self, key) local value if key == 'name1' or key == 'sym_us' then value = self.symbol elseif key == 'name2' then value = self.name1 .. plural_suffix elseif key == 'name1_us' then value = self.name1 if not rawget(self, 'name2_us') then -- If name1_us is 'foot', do not make name2_us by appending plural_suffix. self.name2_us = self.name2 end elseif key == 'name2_us' then local raw1_us = rawget(self, 'name1_us') if raw1_us then value = raw1_us .. plural_suffix else value = self.name2 end elseif key == 'link' then value = self.name1 else value = false end rawset(self, key, value) return value end } local function prefixed_name(unit, name, index) -- Return unit name with SI prefix inserted at correct position. -- index = 1 (name1), 2 (name2), 3 (name1_us), 4 (name2_us). -- The position is a byte (not character) index, so use Lua's sub(). local pos = rawget(unit, 'prefix_position') if type(pos) == 'string' then pos = tonumber(split(pos, ',')[index]) end if pos then return name:sub(1, pos - 1) .. unit.si_name .. name:sub(pos) end return unit.si_name .. name end local unit_prefixed_mt = { -- Metatable to get missing values for a unit that accepts SI prefixes. -- Before use, fields si_name, si_prefix must be defined. -- The unit must define _symbol, _name1 and -- may define _sym_us, _name1_us, _name2_us -- (_sym_us, _name2_us may be defined for a language using sp=us -- to refer to a variant unrelated to U.S. units). __index = function (self, key) local value if key == 'symbol' then value = self.si_prefix .. self._symbol elseif key == 'sym_us' then value = rawget(self, '_sym_us') if value then value = self.si_prefix .. value else value = self.symbol end elseif key == 'name1' then value = prefixed_name(self, self._name1, 1) elseif key == 'name2' then value = rawget(self, '_name2') if value then value = prefixed_name(self, value, 2) else value = self.name1 .. plural_suffix end elseif key == 'name1_us' then value = rawget(self, '_name1_us') if value then value = prefixed_name(self, value, 3) else value = self.name1 end elseif key == 'name2_us' then value = rawget(self, '_name2_us') if value then value = prefixed_name(self, value, 4) elseif rawget(self, '_name1_us') then value = self.name1_us .. plural_suffix else value = self.name2 end elseif key == 'link' then value = self.name1 else value = false end rawset(self, key, value) return value end } local unit_per_mt = { -- Metatable to get values for a per unit of form "x/y". -- This is never called to determine a unit name or link because per units -- are handled as a special case. -- Similarly, the default output is handled elsewhere, and for a symbol -- this is only called from get_default() for default_exceptions. __index = function (self, key) local value if key == 'symbol' then local per = self.per local unit1, unit2 = per[1], per[2] if unit1 then value = unit1[key] .. '/' .. unit2[key] else value = '/' .. unit2[key] end elseif key == 'sym_us' then value = self.symbol elseif key == 'scale' then local per = self.per local unit1, unit2 = per[1], per[2] value = (unit1 and unit1.scale or 1) * self.scalemultiplier / unit2.scale else value = false end rawset(self, key, value) return value end } local function make_per(unitcode, unit_table, ulookup) -- Return true, t where t is a per unit with unit codes expanded to unit tables, -- or return false, t where t is an error message table. local result = { unitcode = unitcode, utype = unit_table.utype, per = {} } override_from(result, unit_table, { 'invert', 'iscomplex', 'default', 'link', 'symbol', 'symlink' }) result.symbol_raw = (result.symbol or false) -- to distinguish between a defined exception and a metatable calculation local prefix for i, v in ipairs(unit_table.per) do if i == 1 and v == '' then -- First unit symbol can be empty; that gives a nil first unit table. elseif i == 1 and text_code.currency[v] then prefix = currency_text or v else local success, t = ulookup(v) if not success then return false, t end result.per[i] = t end end local multiplier = unit_table.multiplier if not result.utype then -- Creating an automatic per unit. local unit1 = result.per[1] local utype = (unit1 and unit1.utype or prefix or '') .. '/' .. result.per[2].utype local t = data_code.per_unit_fixups[utype] if t then if type(t) == 'table' then utype = t.utype or utype result.link = result.link or t.link multiplier = multiplier or t.multiplier else utype = t end end result.utype = utype end result.scalemultiplier = multiplier or 1 result.vprefix = prefix or false -- set to non-nil to avoid calling __index return true, setmetatable(result, unit_per_mt) end local function lookup(parms, unitcode, what, utable, fails, depth) -- Return true, t where t is a copy of the unit's converter table, -- or return false, t where t is an error message table. -- Parameter 'what' determines whether combination units are accepted: -- 'no_combination' : single unit only -- 'any_combination' : single unit or combination or output multiple -- 'only_multiple' : single unit or output multiple only -- Parameter unitcode is a symbol (like 'g'), with an optional SI prefix (like 'kg'). -- If, for example, 'kg' is in this table, that entry is used; -- otherwise the prefix ('k') is applied to the base unit ('g'). -- If unitcode is a known combination code (and if allowed by what), -- a table of output multiple unit tables is included in the result. -- For compatibility with the old template, an underscore in a unitcode is -- replaced with a space so usage like {{convert|350|board_feet}} works. -- Wikignomes may also put two spaces or " " in combinations, so -- replace underscore, " ", and multiple spaces with a single space. utable = utable or parms.unittable or all_units fails = fails or {} depth = depth and depth + 1 or 1 if depth > 9 then -- There are ways to mistakenly define units which result in infinite -- recursion when lookup() is called. That gives a long delay and very -- confusing error messages, so the depth parameter is used as a guard. return false, { 'cvt_lookup', unitcode } end if unitcode == nil or unitcode == '' then return false, { 'cvt_no_unit' } end unitcode = unitcode:gsub('_', ' '):gsub(' ', ' '):gsub(' +', ' ') local function call_make_per(t) return make_per(unitcode, t, function (ucode) return lookup(parms, ucode, 'no_combination', utable, fails, depth) end ) end local t = utable[unitcode] if t then if t.shouldbe then return false, { 'cvt_should_be', t.shouldbe } end if t.sp_us then parms.opt_sp_us = true end local target = t.target -- nil, or unitcode is an alias for this target if target then local success, result = lookup(parms, target, what, utable, fails, depth) if not success then return false, result end override_from(result, t, { 'customary', 'default', 'link', 'symbol', 'symlink' }) local multiplier = t.multiplier if multiplier then result.multiplier = tostring(multiplier) result.scale = result.scale * multiplier end return true, result end if t.per then return call_make_per(t) end local combo = t.combination -- nil or a table of unitcodes if combo then local multiple = t.multiple if what == 'no_combination' or (what == 'only_multiple' and not multiple) then return false, { 'cvt_bad_unit', unitcode } end -- Recursively create a combination table containing the -- converter table of each unitcode. local result = { utype = t.utype, multiple = multiple, combination = {} } local cvt = result.combination for i, v in ipairs(combo) do local success, t = lookup(parms, v, multiple and 'no_combination' or 'only_multiple', utable, fails, depth) if not success then return false, t end cvt[i] = t end return true, result end local result = shallow_copy(t) result.unitcode = unitcode if result.prefixes then result.si_name = '' result.si_prefix = '' return true, setmetatable(result, unit_prefixed_mt) end return true, setmetatable(result, unit_mt) end local SIprefixes = text_code.SIprefixes for plen = SIprefixes[1] or 2, 1, -1 do -- Look for an SI prefix; should never occur with an alias. -- Check for longer prefix first ('dam' is decametre). -- SIprefixes[1] = prefix maximum #characters (as seen by mw.ustring.sub). local prefix = usub(unitcode, 1, plen) local si = SIprefixes[prefix] if si then local t = utable[usub(unitcode, plen+1)] if t and t.prefixes then local result = shallow_copy(t) result.unitcode = unitcode result.si_name = parms.opt_sp_us and si.name_us or si.name result.si_prefix = si.prefix or prefix result.scale = t.scale * 10 ^ (si.exponent * t.prefixes) return true, setmetatable(result, unit_prefixed_mt) end end end -- Accept user-defined combinations like "acre+m2+ha" or "acre m2 ha" for output. -- If '+' is used, each unit code can include a space, and any error is fatal. -- If ' ' is used and if each space-separated word is a unit code, it is a combo, -- but errors are not fatal so the unit code can be looked up as an extra unit. local err_is_fatal local combo = collection() if unitcode:find('+', 1, true) then err_is_fatal = true for item in (unitcode .. '+'):gmatch('%s*(.-)%s*%+') do if item ~= '' then combo:add(item) end end elseif unitcode:find('%s') then for item in unitcode:gmatch('%S+') do combo:add(item) end end if combo.n > 1 then local function lookup_combo() if what == 'no_combination' or what == 'only_multiple' then return false, { 'cvt_bad_unit', unitcode } end local result = { combination = {} } local cvt = result.combination for i, v in ipairs(combo) do local success, t = lookup(parms, v, 'only_multiple', utable, fails, depth) if not success then return false, t end if i == 1 then result.utype = t.utype else local mismatch = check_mismatch(result, t) if mismatch then return false, mismatch end end cvt[i] = t end return true, result end local success, result = lookup_combo() if success or err_is_fatal then return success, result end end -- Accept any unit with an engineering notation prefix like "e6cuft" -- (million cubic feet), but not chained prefixes like "e3e6cuft", -- and not if the unit is a combination or multiple, -- and not if the unit has an offset or is a built-in. -- Only en digits are accepted. local exponent, baseunit = unitcode:match('^e(%d+)(.*)') if exponent then local engscale = text_code.eng_scales[exponent] if engscale then local success, result = lookup(parms, baseunit, 'no_combination', utable, fails, depth) if success and not (result.offset or result.builtin or result.engscale) then result.unitcode = unitcode -- 'e6cuft' not 'cuft' result.defkey = unitcode -- key to lookup default exception result.engscale = engscale result.scale = result.scale * 10 ^ tonumber(exponent) return true, result end end end -- Look for x/y; split on right-most slash to get scale correct (x/y/z is x/y per z). local top, bottom = unitcode:match('^(.-)/([^/]+)$') if top and not unitcode:find('e%d') then -- If valid, create an automatic per unit for an "x/y" unit code. -- The unitcode must not include extraneous spaces. -- Engineering notation (apart from at start and which has been stripped before here), -- is not supported so do not make a per unit if find text like 'e3' in unitcode. local success, result = call_make_per({ per = {top, bottom} }) if success then return true, result end end if not parms.opt_ignore_error and not get_range(unitcode) then -- Want the "what links here" list for the extra_module to show only cases -- where an extra unit is used, so do not require it if invoked from {{val}} -- or if looking up a range word which cannot be a unit. if not extra_units then local success, extra = pcall(function () return require(extra_module).extra_units end) if success and type(extra) == 'table' then extra_units = extra end end if extra_units then -- A unit in one data table might refer to a unit in the other table, so -- switch between them, relying on fails or depth to terminate loops. if not fails[unitcode] then fails[unitcode] = true local other = (utable == all_units) and extra_units or all_units local success, result = lookup(parms, unitcode, what, other, fails, depth) if success then return true, result end end end end if to_en_table then -- At fawiki it is common to translate all digits so a unit like "km2" becomes "km۲". local en_code = ustring.gsub(unitcode, '%d', to_en_table) if en_code ~= unitcode then return lookup(parms, en_code, what, utable, fails, depth) end end return false, { 'cvt_unknown', unitcode } end local function valid_number(num) -- Return true if num is a valid number. -- In Scribunto (different from some standard Lua), when expressed as a string, -- overflow or other problems are indicated with text like "inf" or "nan" -- which are regarded as invalid here (each contains "n"). if type(num) == 'number' and tostring(num):find('n', 1, true) == nil then return true end end local function hyphenated(name, parts) -- Return a hyphenated form of given name (for adjectival usage). -- The name may be linked and the target of the link must not be changed. -- Hypothetical examples: -- [[long ton|ton]] → [[long ton|ton]] (no change) -- [[tonne|long ton]] → [[tonne|long-ton]] -- [[metric ton|long ton]] → [[metric ton|long-ton]] -- [[long ton]] → [[long ton|long-ton]] -- Input can also have multiple links in a single name like: -- [[United States customary units|U.S.]] [[US gallon|gallon]] -- [[mile]]s per [[United States customary units|U.S.]] [[quart]] -- [[long ton]]s per [[short ton]] -- Assume that links cannot be nested (never like "[[abc[[def]]ghi]]"). -- This uses a simple and efficient procedure that works for most cases. -- Some units (if used) would require more, and can later think about -- adding a method to handle exceptions. -- The procedure is to replace each space with a hyphen, but -- not a space after ')' [for "(pre-1954 US) nautical mile"], and -- not spaces immediately before '(' or in '(...)' [for cases like -- "British thermal unit (ISO)" and "Calorie (International Steam Table)"]. if name:find(' ', 1, true) then if parts then local pos if name:sub(1, 1) == '(' then pos = name:find(')', 1, true) if pos then return name:sub(1, pos+1) .. name:sub(pos+2):gsub(' ', '-') end elseif name:sub(-1) == ')' then pos = name:find('(', 1, true) if pos then return name:sub(1, pos-2):gsub(' ', '-') .. name:sub(pos-1) end end return name:gsub(' ', '-') end parts = collection() for before, item, after in name:gmatch('([^[]*)(%[%[[^[]*%]%])([^[]*)') do if item:find(' ', 1, true) then local prefix local plen = item:find('|', 1, true) if plen then prefix = item:sub(1, plen) item = item:sub(plen + 1, -3) else prefix = item:sub(1, -3) .. '|' item = item:sub(3, -3) end item = prefix .. hyphenated(item, parts) .. ']]' end parts:add(before:gsub(' ', '-') .. item .. after:gsub(' ', '-')) end if parts.n == 0 then -- No link like "[[...]]" was found in the original name. parts:add(hyphenated(name, parts)) end return table.concat(parts) end return name end local function hyphenated_maybe(parms, want_name, sep, id, inout) -- Return s, f where -- s = id, possibly modified -- f = true if hyphenated -- Possible modifications: hyphenate; prepend '-'; append mid text. if id == nil or id == '' then return '' end local mid = (inout == (parms.opt_flip and 'out' or 'in')) and parms.mid or '' if want_name then if parms.opt_adjectival then return '-' .. hyphenated(id) .. mid, true end if parms.opt_add_s and id:sub(-1) ~= 's' then id = id .. 's' -- for nowiki end end return sep .. id .. mid end local function use_minus(text) -- Return text with Unicode minus instead of '-', if present. if text:sub(1, 1) == '-' then return MINUS .. text:sub(2) end return text end local function digit_groups(parms, text, method) -- Return a numbered table of groups of digits (left-to-right, in local language). -- Parameter method is a number or nil: -- 3 for 3-digit grouping (default), or -- 2 for 3-then-2 grouping (only for digits before decimal mark). local len_right local len_left = text:find('.', 1, true) if len_left then len_right = #text - len_left len_left = len_left - 1 else len_left = #text end local twos = method == 2 and len_left > 5 local groups = collection() local run = len_left local n if run < 4 or (run == 4 and parms.opt_comma5) then if parms.opt_gaps then n = run else n = #text end elseif twos then n = run % 2 == 0 and 1 or 2 else n = run % 3 == 0 and 3 or run % 3 end while run > 0 do groups:add(n) run = run - n n = (twos and run > 3) and 2 or 3 end if len_right then if groups.n == 0 then groups:add(0) end if parms.opt_gaps and len_right > 3 then local want4 = not parms.opt_gaps3 -- true gives no gap before trailing single digit local isfirst = true run = len_right while run > 0 do n = (want4 and run == 4) and 4 or (run > 3 and 3 or run) if isfirst then isfirst = false groups[groups.n] = groups[groups.n] + 1 + n else groups:add(n) end run = run - n end else groups[groups.n] = groups[groups.n] + 1 + len_right end end local pos = 1 for i, length in ipairs(groups) do groups[i] = from_en(text:sub(pos, pos + length - 1)) pos = pos + length end return groups end function with_separator(parms, text) -- for forward declaration above -- Input text is a number in en digits with optional '.' decimal mark. -- Return an equivalent, formatted for display: -- with a custom decimal mark instead of '.', if wanted -- with thousand separators inserted, if wanted -- digits in local language -- The given text is like '123' or '123.' or '12345.6789'. -- The text has no sign (caller inserts that later, if necessary). -- When using gaps, they are inserted before and after the decimal mark. -- Separators are inserted only before the decimal mark. -- A trailing dot (as in '123.') is removed because their use appears to -- be accidental, and such a number should be shown as '123' or '123.0'. -- It is useful for convert to suppress the dot so, for example, '4000.' -- is a simple way of indicating that all the digits are significant. if text:sub(-1) == '.' then text = text:sub(1, -2) end if #text < 4 or parms.opt_nocomma or numsep == '' then return from_en(text) end local groups = digit_groups(parms, text, group_method) if parms.opt_gaps then if groups.n <= 1 then return groups[1] or '' end local nowrap = '<span style="white-space: nowrap">' local gap = '<span style="margin-left: 0.25em">' local close = '</span>' return nowrap .. groups[1] .. gap .. table.concat(groups, close .. gap, 2, groups.n) .. close .. close end return table.concat(groups, numsep) end -- An input value like 1.23e12 is displayed using scientific notation (1.23×10¹²). -- That also makes the output use scientific notation, except for small values. -- In addition, very small or very large output values use scientific notation. -- Use format(fmtpower, significand, '10', exponent) where each argument is a string. local fmtpower = '%s<span style="margin:0 .15em 0 .25em">×</span>%s<sup>%s</sup>' local function with_exponent(parms, show, exponent) -- Return wikitext to display the implied value in scientific notation. -- Input uses en digits; output uses digits in local language. return format(fmtpower, with_separator(parms, show), from_en('10'), use_minus(from_en(tostring(exponent)))) end local function make_sigfig(value, sigfig) -- Return show, exponent that are equivalent to the result of -- converting the number 'value' (where value >= 0) to a string, -- rounded to 'sigfig' significant figures. -- The returned items are: -- show: a string of digits; no sign and no dot; -- there is an implied dot before show. -- exponent: a number (an integer) to shift the implied dot. -- Resulting value = tonumber('.' .. show) * 10^exponent. -- Examples: -- make_sigfig(23.456, 3) returns '235', 2 (.235 * 10^2). -- make_sigfig(0.0023456, 3) returns '235', -2 (.235 * 10^-2). -- make_sigfig(0, 3) returns '000', 1 (.000 * 10^1). if sigfig <= 0 then sigfig = 1 elseif sigfig > maxsigfig then sigfig = maxsigfig end if value == 0 then return string.rep('0', sigfig), 1 end local exp, fracpart = math.modf(log10(value)) if fracpart >= 0 then fracpart = fracpart - 1 exp = exp + 1 end local digits = format('%.0f', 10^(fracpart + sigfig)) if #digits > sigfig then -- Overflow (for sigfig=3: like 0.9999 rounding to "1000"; need "100"). digits = digits:sub(1, sigfig) exp = exp + 1 end assert(#digits == sigfig, 'Bug: rounded number has wrong length') return digits, exp end -- Fraction output format. local fracfmt = { { -- Like {{frac}} (fraction slash). -- 1/2 : sign, numerator, denominator -- 1+2/3 : signed_wholenumber, numerator, denominator '<span class="frac nowrap">%s<sup>%s</sup>⁄<sub>%s</sub></span>', '<span class="frac nowrap">%s<span class="visualhide"> </span><sup>%s</sup>⁄<sub>%s</sub></span>', }, { -- Like {{sfrac}} (fraction horizontal bar). -- 1//2 : sign, numerator, denominator (sign should probably be before the fraction, but then it can wrap, and html is already too long) -- 1+2//3 : signed_wholenumber, numerator, denominator '<span class="sfrac nowrap" style="display:inline-block; vertical-align:-0.5em; font-size:85%%; text-align:center;"><span style="display:block; line-height:1em; padding:0 0.1em;">%s%s</span><span class="visualhide">/</span><span style="display:block; line-height:1em; padding:0 0.1em; border-top:1px solid;">%s</span></span>', '<span class="sfrac nowrap">%s<span class="visualhide"> </span><span style="display:inline-block; vertical-align:-0.5em; font-size:85%%; text-align:center;"><span style="display:block; line-height:1em; padding:0 0.1em;">%s</span><span class="visualhide">/</span><span style="display:block; line-height:1em; padding:0 0.1em; border-top:1px solid;">%s</span></span></span>', }, } local function format_fraction(parms, inout, negative, wholestr, numstr, denstr, do_spell, style) -- Return wikitext for a fraction, possibly spelled. -- Inputs use en digits and have no sign; output uses digits in local language. local wikitext if not style then style = parms.opt_fraction_horizontal and 2 or 1 end if wholestr == '' then wholestr = nil end if wholestr then local decorated = with_separator(parms, wholestr) if negative then decorated = MINUS .. decorated end local fmt = fracfmt[style][2] wikitext = format(fmt, decorated, from_en(numstr), from_en(denstr)) else local sign = negative and MINUS or '' wikitext = format(fracfmt[style][1], sign, from_en(numstr), from_en(denstr)) end if do_spell then if negative then if wholestr then wholestr = '-' .. wholestr else numstr = '-' .. numstr end end wikitext = spell_number(parms, inout, wholestr, numstr, denstr) or wikitext end return wikitext end local function format_number(parms, show, exponent, isnegative) -- Parameter show is a string or a table containing strings. -- Each string is a formatted number in en digits and optional '.' decimal mark. -- A table represents a fraction: integer, numerator, denominator; -- if a table is given, exponent must be nil. -- Return t where t is a table with fields: -- show = wikitext formatted to display implied value -- (digits in local language) -- is_scientific = true if show uses scientific notation -- clean = unformatted show (possibly adjusted and with inserted '.') -- (en digits) -- sign = '' or MINUS -- exponent = exponent (possibly adjusted) -- The clean and exponent fields can be used to calculate the -- rounded absolute value, if needed. -- -- The value implied by the arguments is found from: -- exponent is nil; and -- show is a string of digits (no sign), with an optional dot; -- show = '123.4' is value 123.4, '1234' is value 1234.0; -- or: -- exponent is an integer indicating where dot should be; -- show is a string of digits (no sign and no dot); -- there is an implied dot before show; -- show does not start with '0'; -- show = '1234', exponent = 3 is value 0.1234*10^3 = 123.4. -- -- The formatted result: -- * Is for an output value and is spelled if wanted and possible. -- * Includes a Unicode minus if isnegative and not spelled. -- * Uses a custom decimal mark, if wanted. -- * Has digits grouped where necessary, if wanted. -- * Uses scientific notation if requested, or for very small or large values -- (which forces result to not be spelled). -- * Has no more than maxsigfig significant digits -- (same as old template and {{#expr}}). local xhi, xlo -- these control when scientific notation (exponent) is used if parms.opt_scientific then xhi, xlo = 4, 2 -- default for output if input uses e-notation elseif parms.opt_scientific_always then xhi, xlo = 0, 0 -- always use scientific notation (experimental) else xhi, xlo = 10, 4 -- default end local sign = isnegative and MINUS or '' local maxlen = maxsigfig local tfrac if type(show) == 'table' then tfrac = show show = tfrac.wholestr assert(exponent == nil, 'Bug: exponent given with fraction') end if not tfrac and not exponent then local integer, dot, decimals = show:match('^(%d*)(%.?)(.*)') if integer == '0' or integer == '' then local zeros, figs = decimals:match('^(0*)([^0]?.*)') if #figs == 0 then if #zeros > maxlen then show = '0.' .. zeros:sub(1, maxlen) end elseif #zeros >= xlo then show = figs exponent = -#zeros elseif #figs > maxlen then show = '0.' .. zeros .. figs:sub(1, maxlen) end elseif #integer >= xhi then show = integer .. decimals exponent = #integer else maxlen = maxlen + #dot if #show > maxlen then show = show:sub(1, maxlen) end end end if exponent then local function zeros(n) return string.rep('0', n) end if #show > maxlen then show = show:sub(1, maxlen) end if exponent > xhi or exponent <= -xlo or (exponent == xhi and show ~= '1' .. zeros(xhi - 1)) then -- When xhi, xlo = 10, 4 (the default), scientific notation is used if the -- rounded value satisfies: value >= 1e9 or value < 1e-4 (1e9 = 0.1e10), -- except if show is '1000000000' (1e9), for example: -- {{convert|1000000000|m|m|sigfig=10}} → 1,000,000,000 metres (1,000,000,000 m) local significand if #show > 1 then significand = show:sub(1, 1) .. '.' .. show:sub(2) else significand = show end return { clean = '.' .. show, exponent = exponent, sign = sign, show = sign .. with_exponent(parms, significand, exponent-1), is_scientific = true, } end if exponent >= #show then show = show .. zeros(exponent - #show) -- result has no dot elseif exponent <= 0 then show = '0.' .. zeros(-exponent) .. show else show = show:sub(1, exponent) .. '.' .. show:sub(exponent+1) end end local formatted_show if tfrac then show = tostring(tfrac.value) -- to set clean in returned table formatted_show = format_fraction(parms, 'out', isnegative, tfrac.wholestr, tfrac.numstr, tfrac.denstr, parms.opt_spell_out) else if isnegative and show:match('^0.?0*$') then sign = '' -- don't show minus if result is negative but rounds to zero end formatted_show = sign .. with_separator(parms, show) if parms.opt_spell_out then formatted_show = spell_number(parms, 'out', sign .. show) or formatted_show end end return { clean = show, sign = sign, show = formatted_show, is_scientific = false, -- to avoid calling __index } end local function extract_fraction(parms, text, negative) -- If text represents a fraction, return -- value, altvalue, show, denominator -- where -- value is a number (value of the fraction in argument text) -- altvalue is an alternate interpretation of any fraction for the hands -- unit where "12.1+3/4" means 12 hands 1.75 inches -- show is a string (formatted text for display of an input value, -- and is spelled if wanted and possible) -- denominator is value of the denominator in the fraction -- Otherwise, return nil. -- Input uses en digits and '.' decimal mark (input has been translated). -- Output uses digits in local language and local decimal mark, if any. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ -- Originally this function accepted x+y/z where x, y, z were any valid -- numbers, possibly with a sign. For example '1.23e+2+1.2/2.4' = 123.5, -- and '2-3/8' = 1.625. However, such usages were found to be errors or -- misunderstandings, so since August 2014 the following restrictions apply: -- x (if present) is an integer or has a single digit after decimal mark -- y and z are unsigned integers -- e-notation is not accepted -- The overall number can start with '+' or '-' (so '12+3/4' and '+12+3/4' -- and '-12-3/4' are valid). -- Any leading negative sign is removed by the caller, so only inputs -- like the following are accepted here (may have whitespace): -- negative = false false true (there was a leading '-') -- text = '2/3' '+2/3' '2/3' -- text = '1+2/3' '+1+2/3' '1-2/3' -- text = '12.3+1/2' '+12.3+1/2' '12.3-1/2' -- Values like '12.3+1/2' are accepted, but are intended only for use -- with the hands unit (not worth adding code to enforce that). ------------------------------------------------------------------------ local leading_plus, prefix, numstr, slashes, denstr = text:match('^%s*(%+?)%s*(.-)%s*(%d+)%s*(/+)%s*(%d+)%s*$') if not leading_plus then -- Accept a single U+2044 fraction slash because that may be pasted. leading_plus, prefix, numstr, denstr = text:match('^%s*(%+?)%s*(.-)%s*(%d+)%s*⁄%s*(%d+)%s*$') slashes = '/' end local numerator = tonumber(numstr) local denominator = tonumber(denstr) if numerator == nil or denominator == nil or (negative and leading_plus ~= '') then return nil end local whole, wholestr if prefix == '' then wholestr = '' whole = 0 else -- Any prefix must be like '12+' or '12-' (whole number and fraction sign); -- '12.3+' and '12.3-' are also accepted (single digit after decimal point) -- because '12.3+1/2 hands' is valid (12 hands 3½ inches). local num1, num2, frac_sign = prefix:match('^(%d+)(%.?%d?)%s*([+%-])$') if num1 == nil then return nil end if num2 == '' then -- num2 must be '' or like '.1' but not '.' or '.12' wholestr = num1 else if #num2 ~= 2 then return nil end wholestr = num1 .. num2 end if frac_sign ~= (negative and '-' or '+') then return nil end whole = tonumber(wholestr) if whole == nil then return nil end end local value = whole + numerator / denominator if not valid_number(value) then return nil end local altvalue = whole + numerator / (denominator * 10) local style = #slashes -- kludge: 1 or 2 slashes can be used to select style if style > 2 then style = 2 end local wikitext = format_fraction(parms, 'in', negative, leading_plus .. wholestr, numstr, denstr, parms.opt_spell_in, style) return value, altvalue, wikitext, denominator end local function extract_number(parms, text, another, no_fraction) -- Return true, info if can extract a number from text, -- where info is a table with the result, -- or return false, t where t is an error message table. -- Input can use en digits or digits in local language and can -- have references at the end. Accepting references is intended -- for use in infoboxes with a field for a value passed to convert. -- Parameter another = true if the expected value is not the first. -- Before processing, the input text is cleaned: -- * Any thousand separators (valid or not) are removed. -- * Any sign is replaced with '-' (if negative) or '' (otherwise). -- That replaces Unicode minus with '-'. -- If successful, the returned info table contains named fields: -- value = a valid number -- altvalue = a valid number, usually same as value but different -- if fraction used (for hands unit) -- singular = true if value is 1 or -1 (to use singular form of units) -- clean = cleaned text with any separators and sign removed -- (en digits and '.' decimal mark) -- show = text formatted for output, possibly with ref strip markers -- (digits in local language and custom decimal mark) -- The resulting show: -- * Is for an input value and is spelled if wanted and possible. -- * Has a rounded value, if wanted. -- * Has digits grouped where necessary, if wanted. -- * If negative, a Unicode minus is used; otherwise the sign is -- '+' (if the input text used '+'), or is '' (if no sign in input). text = strip(text or '') local reference local pos = text:find('\127', 1, true) if pos then local before = text:sub(1, pos - 1) local remainder = text:sub(pos) local refs = {} while #remainder > 0 do local ref, spaces ref, spaces, remainder = remainder:match('^(\127[^\127]*UNIQ[^\127]*%-ref[^\127]*\127)(%s*)(.*)') if ref then table.insert(refs, ref) else refs = {} break end end if #refs > 0 then text = strip(before) reference = table.concat(refs) end end local clean = to_en(text, parms) if clean == '' then return false, { another and 'cvt_no_num2' or 'cvt_no_num' } end local isnegative, propersign = false, '' -- most common case local singular, show, denominator local value = tonumber(clean) local altvalue if value then local sign = clean:sub(1, 1) if sign == '+' or sign == '-' then propersign = (sign == '+') and '+' or MINUS clean = clean:sub(2) end if value < 0 then isnegative = true value = -value end else local valstr for _, prefix in ipairs({ '-', MINUS, '−' }) do -- Including '-' sets isnegative in case input is a fraction like '-2-3/4'. local plen = #prefix if clean:sub(1, plen) == prefix then valstr = clean:sub(plen + 1) if valstr:match('^%s') then -- "- 1" is invalid but "-1 - 1/2" is ok return false, { 'cvt_bad_num', text } end break end end if valstr then isnegative = true propersign = MINUS clean = valstr value = tonumber(clean) end if value == nil then if not no_fraction then value, altvalue, show, denominator = extract_fraction(parms, clean, isnegative) end if value == nil then return false, { 'cvt_bad_num', text } end if value <= 1 then singular = true -- for example, "½ mile" or "one half mile" (singular unit) end end end if not valid_number(value) then -- for example, "1e310" may overflow return false, { 'cvt_invalid_num' } end if show == nil then -- clean is a non-empty string with no spaces, and does not represent a fraction, -- and value = tonumber(clean) is a number >= 0. -- If the input uses e-notation, show will be displayed using a power of ten, but -- we use the number as given so it might not be normalized scientific notation. -- The input value is spelled if specified so any e-notation is ignored; -- that allows input like 2e6 to be spelled as "two million" which works -- because the spell module converts '2e6' to '2000000' before spelling. local function rounded(value, default, exponent) local precision = parms.opt_ri if precision then local fmt = '%.' .. format('%d', precision) .. 'f' local result = fmt:format(tonumber(value) + 2e-14) -- fudge for some common cases of bad rounding if not exponent then singular = (tonumber(result) == 1) end return result end return default end singular = (value == 1) local scientific local significand, exponent = clean:match('^([%d.]+)[Ee]([+%-]?%d+)') if significand then show = with_exponent(parms, rounded(significand, significand, exponent), exponent) scientific = true else show = with_separator(parms, rounded(value, clean)) end show = propersign .. show if parms.opt_spell_in then show = spell_number(parms, 'in', propersign .. rounded(value, clean)) or show scientific = false end if scientific then parms.opt_scientific = true end end if isnegative and (value ~= 0) then value = -value altvalue = -(altvalue or value) end return true, { value = value, altvalue = altvalue or value, singular = singular, clean = clean, show = show .. (reference or ''), denominator = denominator, } end local function get_number(text) -- Return v, f where: -- v = nil (text is not a number) -- or -- v = value of text (text is a number) -- f = true if value is an integer -- Input can use en digits or digits in local language, -- but no separators, no Unicode minus, and no fraction. if text then local number = tonumber(to_en(text)) if number then local _, fracpart = math.modf(number) return number, (fracpart == 0) end end end local function gcd(a, b) -- Return the greatest common denominator for the given values, -- which are known to be positive integers. if a > b then a, b = b, a end if a <= 0 then return b end local r = b % a if r <= 0 then return a end if r == 1 then return 1 end return gcd(r, a) end local function fraction_table(value, denominator) -- Return value as a string or a table: -- * If result is a string, there is no fraction, and the result -- is value formatted as a string of en digits. -- * If result is a table, it represents a fraction with named fields: -- wholestr, numstr, denstr (strings of en digits for integer, numerator, denominator). -- The result is rounded to the nearest multiple of (1/denominator). -- If the multiple is zero, no fraction is included. -- No fraction is included if value is very large as the fraction would -- be unhelpful, particularly if scientific notation is required. -- Input value is a non-negative number. -- Input denominator is a positive integer for the desired fraction. if value <= 0 then return '0' end if denominator <= 0 or value > 1e8 then return format('%.2f', value) end local integer, decimals = math.modf(value) local numerator = floor((decimals * denominator) + 0.5 + 2e-14) -- add fudge for some common cases of bad rounding if numerator >= denominator then integer = integer + 1 numerator = 0 end local wholestr = tostring(integer) if numerator > 0 then local div = gcd(numerator, denominator) if div > 1 then numerator = numerator / div denominator = denominator / div end return { wholestr = (integer > 0) and wholestr or '', numstr = tostring(numerator), denstr = tostring(denominator), value = value, } end return wholestr end local function preunits(count, preunit1, preunit2) -- If count is 1: -- ignore preunit2 -- return p1 -- else: -- preunit1 is used for preunit2 if the latter is empty -- return p1, p2 -- where: -- p1 is text to insert before the input unit -- p2 is text to insert before the output unit -- p1 or p2 may be nil to mean "no preunit" -- Using '+' gives output like "5+ feet" (no space before, but space after). local function withspace(text, wantboth) -- Return text with space before and, if wantboth, after. -- However, no space is added if there is a space or ' ' or '-' -- at that position ('-' is for adjectival text). -- There is also no space if text starts with '&' -- (e.g. '°' would display a degree symbol with no preceding space). local char = text:sub(1, 1) if char == '&' then return text -- an html entity can be used to specify the exact display end if not (char == ' ' or char == '-' or char == '+') then text = ' ' .. text end if wantboth then char = text:sub(-1, -1) if not (char == ' ' or char == '-' or text:sub(-6, -1) == ' ') then text = text .. ' ' end end return text end local PLUS = '+ ' preunit1 = preunit1 or '' local trim1 = strip(preunit1) if count == 1 then if trim1 == '' then return nil end if trim1 == '+' then return PLUS end return withspace(preunit1, true) end preunit1 = withspace(preunit1) preunit2 = preunit2 or '' local trim2 = strip(preunit2) if trim1 == '+' then if trim2 == '' or trim2 == '+' then return PLUS, PLUS end preunit1 = PLUS end if trim2 == '' then if trim1 == '' then return nil, nil end preunit2 = preunit1 elseif trim2 == '+' then preunit2 = PLUS elseif trim2 == ' ' then -- trick to make preunit2 empty preunit2 = nil else preunit2 = withspace(preunit2) end return preunit1, preunit2 end local function range_text(range, want_name, parms, before, after, inout) -- Return before .. rtext .. after -- where rtext is the text that separates two values in a range. local rtext, adj_text, exception if type(range) == 'table' then -- Table must specify range text for ('off' and 'on') or ('input' and 'output'), -- and may specify range text for 'adj=on', -- and may specify exception = true. rtext = range[want_name and 'off' or 'on'] or range[((inout == 'in') == (parms.opt_flip == true)) and 'output' or 'input'] adj_text = range['adj'] exception = range['exception'] else rtext = range end if parms.opt_adjectival then if want_name or (exception and parms.abbr_org == 'on') then rtext = adj_text or rtext:gsub(' ', '-'):gsub(' ', '-') end end if rtext == '–' and after:sub(1, #MINUS) == MINUS then rtext = ' – ' end return before .. rtext .. after end local function get_composite(parms, iparm, in_unit_table) -- Look for a composite input unit. For example, {{convert|1|yd|2|ft|3|in}} -- would result in a call to this function with -- iparm = 3 (parms[iparm] = "2", just after the first unit) -- in_unit_table = (unit table for "yd"; contains value 1 for number of yards) -- Return true, iparm, unit where -- iparm = index just after the composite units (7 in above example) -- unit = composite unit table holding all input units, -- or return true if no composite unit is present in parms, -- or return false, t where t is an error message table. local default, subinfo local composite_units, count = { in_unit_table }, 1 local fixups = {} local total = in_unit_table.valinfo[1].value local subunit = in_unit_table while subunit.subdivs do -- subdivs is nil or a table of allowed subdivisions local subcode = strip(parms[iparm+1]) local subdiv = subunit.subdivs[subcode] or subunit.subdivs[(all_units[subcode] or {}).target] if not subdiv then break end local success success, subunit = lookup(parms, subcode, 'no_combination') if not success then return false, subunit end -- should never occur success, subinfo = extract_number(parms, parms[iparm]) if not success then return false, subinfo end iparm = iparm + 2 subunit.inout = 'in' subunit.valinfo = { subinfo } -- Recalculate total as a number of subdivisions. -- subdiv[1] = number of subdivisions per previous unit (integer > 1). total = total * subdiv[1] + subinfo.value if not default then -- set by the first subdiv with a default defined default = subdiv.default end count = count + 1 composite_units[count] = subunit if subdiv.unit or subdiv.name then fixups[count] = { unit = subdiv.unit, name = subdiv.name, valinfo = subunit.valinfo } end end if count == 1 then return true -- no error and no composite unit end for i, fixup in pairs(fixups) do local unit = fixup.unit local name = fixup.name if not unit or (count > 2 and name) then composite_units[i].fixed_name = name else local success, alternate = lookup(parms, unit, 'no_combination') if not success then return false, alternate end -- should never occur alternate.inout = 'in' alternate.valinfo = fixup.valinfo composite_units[i] = alternate end end return true, iparm, { utype = in_unit_table.utype, scale = subunit.scale, -- scale of last (least significant) unit valinfo = { { value = total, clean = subinfo.clean, denominator = subinfo.denominator } }, composite = composite_units, default = default or in_unit_table.default } end local function translate_parms(parms, kv_pairs) -- Update fields in parms by translating each key:value in kv_pairs to terms -- used by this module (may involve translating from local language to English). -- Also, checks are performed which may display warnings, if enabled. -- Return true if successful or return false, t where t is an error message table. currency_text = nil -- local testing can hold module in memory; must clear globals local accept_any_text = { input = true, qid = true, qual = true, stylein = true, styleout = true, tracking = true, } if kv_pairs.adj and kv_pairs.sing then -- For enwiki (before translation), warn if attempt to use adj and sing -- as the latter is a deprecated alias for the former. if kv_pairs.adj ~= kv_pairs.sing and kv_pairs.sing ~= '' then add_warning(parms, 1, 'cvt_unknown_option', 'sing=' .. kv_pairs.sing) end kv_pairs.sing = nil end kv_pairs.comma = kv_pairs.comma or config.comma -- for plwiki who want default comma=5 for loc_name, loc_value in pairs(kv_pairs) do local en_name = text_code.en_option_name[loc_name] if en_name then local en_value if en_name == '$' or en_name == 'frac' or en_name == 'sigfig' then if loc_value == '' then add_warning(parms, 2, 'cvt_empty_option', loc_name) elseif en_name == '$' then -- Value should be a single character like "€" for the euro currency symbol, but anything is accepted. currency_text = (loc_value == 'euro') and '€' or loc_value else local minimum local number, is_integer = get_number(loc_value) if en_name == 'frac' then minimum = 2 if number and number < 0 then parms.opt_fraction_horizontal = true number = -number end else minimum = 1 end if number and is_integer and number >= minimum then en_value = number else add_warning(parms, 1, (en_name == 'frac' and 'cvt_bad_frac' or 'cvt_bad_sigfig'), loc_name .. '=' .. loc_value) end end elseif accept_any_text[en_name] then en_value = loc_value ~= '' and loc_value or nil -- accept non-empty user text with no validation if en_name == 'input' then -- May have something like {{convert|input=}} (empty input) if source is an infobox -- with optional fields. In that case, want to output nothing rather than an error. parms.input_text = loc_value -- keep input because parms.input is nil if loc_value == '' end else en_value = text_code.en_option_value[en_name][loc_value] if en_value and en_value:sub(-1) == '?' then en_value = en_value:sub(1, -2) add_warning(parms, -1, 'cvt_deprecated', loc_name .. '=' .. loc_value) end if en_value == nil then if loc_value == '' then add_warning(parms, 2, 'cvt_empty_option', loc_name) else add_warning(parms, 1, 'cvt_unknown_option', loc_name .. '=' .. loc_value) end elseif en_value == '' then en_value = nil -- an ignored option like adj=off elseif type(en_value) == 'string' and en_value:sub(1, 4) == 'opt_' then for _, v in ipairs(split(en_value, ',')) do local lhs, rhs = v:match('^(.-)=(.+)$') if rhs then parms[lhs] = tonumber(rhs) or rhs else parms[v] = true end end en_value = nil end end parms[en_name] = en_value else add_warning(parms, 1, 'cvt_unknown_option', loc_name .. '=' .. loc_value) end end local abbr_entered = parms.abbr local cfg_abbr = config.abbr if cfg_abbr then -- Don't warn if invalid because every convert would show that warning. if cfg_abbr == 'on always' then parms.abbr = 'on' elseif cfg_abbr == 'off always' then parms.abbr = 'off' elseif parms.abbr == nil then if cfg_abbr == 'on default' then parms.abbr = 'on' elseif cfg_abbr == 'off default' then parms.abbr = 'off' end end end if parms.abbr then if parms.abbr == 'unit' then parms.abbr = 'on' parms.number_word = true end parms.abbr_org = parms.abbr -- original abbr, before any flip elseif parms.opt_hand_hh then parms.abbr_org = 'on' parms.abbr = 'on' else parms.abbr = 'out' -- default is to abbreviate output only (use symbol, not name) end if parms.opt_order_out then -- Disable options that do not work in a useful way with order=out. parms.opt_flip = nil -- override adj=flip parms.opt_spell_in = nil parms.opt_spell_out = nil parms.opt_spell_upper = nil end if parms.opt_spell_out and not abbr_entered then parms.abbr = 'off' -- should show unit name when spelling the output value end if parms.opt_flip then local function swap_in_out(option) local value = parms[option] if value == 'in' then parms[option] = 'out' elseif value == 'out' then parms[option] = 'in' end end swap_in_out('abbr') swap_in_out('lk') if parms.opt_spell_in and not parms.opt_spell_out then -- For simplicity, and because it does not appear to be needed, -- user cannot set an option to spell the output only. parms.opt_spell_in = nil parms.opt_spell_out = true end end if parms.opt_spell_upper then parms.spell_upper = parms.opt_flip and 'out' or 'in' end if parms.opt_table or parms.opt_tablecen then if abbr_entered == nil and parms.lk == nil then parms.opt_values = true end parms.table_align = parms.opt_table and 'right' or 'center' end if parms.table_align or parms.opt_sortable_on then parms.need_table_or_sort = true end local disp_joins = text_code.disp_joins local default_joins = disp_joins['b'] parms.join_between = default_joins[3] or '; ' local disp = parms.disp if disp == nil then -- special case for the most common setting parms.joins = default_joins elseif disp == 'x' then -- Later, parms.joins is set from the input parameters. else -- Old template does this. local abbr = parms.abbr if disp == 'slash' then if abbr_entered == nil then disp = 'slash-nbsp' elseif abbr == 'in' or abbr == 'out' then disp = 'slash-sp' else disp = 'slash-nosp' end elseif disp == 'sqbr' then if abbr == 'on' then disp = 'sqbr-nbsp' else disp = 'sqbr-sp' end end parms.joins = disp_joins[disp] or default_joins parms.join_between = parms.joins[3] or parms.join_between parms.wantname = parms.joins.wantname end if (en_default and not parms.opt_lang_local and (parms[1] or ''):find('%d')) or parms.opt_lang_en then from_en_table = nil end if en_default and from_en_table then -- For hiwiki: localized symbol/name is defined with the US symbol/name field, -- and is used if output uses localized numbers. parms.opt_sp_us = true end return true end local function get_values(parms) -- If successful, update parms and return true, v, i where -- v = table of input values -- i = index to next entry in parms after those processed here -- or return false, t where t is an error message table. local valinfo = collection() -- numbered table of input values local range = collection() -- numbered table of range items (having, for example, 2 range items requires 3 input values) local had_nocomma -- true if removed "nocomma" kludge from second parameter (like "tonocomma") local parm2 = strip(parms[2]) if parm2 and parm2:sub(-7, -1) == 'nocomma' then parms[2] = strip(parm2:sub(1, -8)) parms.opt_nocomma = true had_nocomma = true end local function extractor(i) -- If the parameter is not a value, try unpacking it as a range ("1-23" for "1 to 23"). -- However, "-1-2/3" is a negative fraction (-1⅔), so it must be extracted first. -- Do not unpack a parameter if it is like "3-1/2" which is sometimes incorrectly -- used instead of "3+1/2" (and which should not be interpreted as "3 to ½"). -- Unpacked items are inserted into the parms table. -- The tail recursion allows combinations like "1x2 to 3x4". local valstr = strip(parms[i]) -- trim so any '-' as a negative sign will be at start local success, result = extract_number(parms, valstr, i > 1) if not success and valstr and i < 20 then -- check i to limit abuse local lhs, sep, rhs = valstr:match('^(%S+)%s+(%S+)%s+(%S.*)') if lhs and not (sep == '-' and rhs:match('/')) then if sep:find('%d') then return success, result -- to reject {{convert|1 234 567|m}} with a decent message (en only) end parms[i] = rhs table.insert(parms, i, sep) table.insert(parms, i, lhs) return extractor(i) end if not valstr:match('%-.*/') then for _, sep in ipairs(text_code.ranges.words) do local start, stop = valstr:find(sep, 2, true) -- start at 2 to skip any negative sign for range '-' if start then parms[i] = valstr:sub(stop + 1) table.insert(parms, i, sep) table.insert(parms, i, valstr:sub(1, start - 1)) return extractor(i) end end end end return success, result end local i = 1 local is_change while true do local success, info = extractor(i) -- need to set parms.opt_nocomma before calling this if not success then return false, info end i = i + 1 if is_change then info.is_change = true -- value is after "±" and so is a change (significant for range like {{convert|5|±|5|°C}}) is_change = nil end valinfo:add(info) local range_item = get_range(strip(parms[i])) if not range_item then break end i = i + 1 range:add(range_item) if type(range_item) == 'table' then -- For range "x", if append unit to some values, append it to all. parms.in_range_x = parms.in_range_x or range_item.in_range_x parms.out_range_x = parms.out_range_x or range_item.out_range_x parms.abbr_range_x = parms.abbr_range_x or range_item.abbr_range_x is_change = range_item.is_range_change end end if range.n > 0 then if range.n > 30 then -- limit abuse, although 4 is a more likely upper limit return false, { 'cvt_invalid_num' } -- misleading message but it will do end parms.range = range elseif had_nocomma then return false, { 'cvt_unknown', parm2 } end return true, valinfo, i end local function simple_get_values(parms) -- If input is like "{{convert|valid_value|valid_unit|...}}", -- return true, i, in_unit, in_unit_table -- i = index in parms of what follows valid_unit, if anything. -- The valid_value is not negative and does not use a fraction, and -- no options requiring further processing of the input are used. -- Otherwise, return nothing or return false, parm1 for caller to interpret. -- Testing shows this function is successful for 96% of converts in articles, -- and that on average it speeds up converts by 8%. local clean = to_en(strip(parms[1] or ''), parms) if parms.opt_ri or parms.opt_spell_in or #clean > 10 or not clean:match('^[0-9.]+$') then return false, clean end local value = tonumber(clean) if not value then return end local info = { value = value, altvalue = value, singular = (value == 1), clean = clean, show = with_separator(parms, clean), } local in_unit = strip(parms[2]) local success, in_unit_table = lookup(parms, in_unit, 'no_combination') if not success then return end in_unit_table.valinfo = { info } return true, 3, in_unit, in_unit_table end local function wikidata_call(parms, operation, ...) -- Return true, s where s is the result of a Wikidata operation, -- or return false, t where t is an error message table. local function worker(...) wikidata_code = wikidata_code or require(wikidata_module) wikidata_data = wikidata_data or mw.loadData(wikidata_data_module) return wikidata_code[operation](wikidata_data, ...) end local success, status, result = pcall(worker, ...) if success then return status, result end if parms.opt_sortable_debug then -- Use debug=yes to crash if an error while accessing Wikidata. error('Error accessing Wikidata: ' .. status, 0) end return false, { 'cvt_wd_fail' } end local function get_parms(parms, args) -- If successful, update parms and return true, unit where -- parms is a table of all arguments passed to the template -- converted to named arguments, and -- unit is the input unit table; -- or return false, t where t is an error message table. -- For special processing (not a convert), can also return -- true, wikitext where wikitext is the final result. -- The returned input unit table may be for a fake unit using the specified -- unit code as the symbol and name, and with bad_mcode = message code table. -- MediaWiki removes leading and trailing whitespace from the values of -- named arguments. However, the values of numbered arguments include any -- whitespace entered in the template, and whitespace is used by some -- parameters (example: the numbered parameters associated with "disp=x"). local kv_pairs = {} -- table of input key:value pairs where key is a name; needed because cannot iterate parms and add new fields to it for k, v in pairs(args) do if type(k) == 'number' or k == 'test' then -- parameter "test" is reserved for testing and is not translated parms[k] = v else kv_pairs[k] = v end end if parms.test == 'wikidata' then local ulookup = function (ucode) -- Use empty table for parms so it does not accumulate results when used repeatedly. return lookup({}, ucode, 'no_combination') end return wikidata_call(parms, '_listunits', ulookup) end local success, msg = translate_parms(parms, kv_pairs) if not success then return false, msg end if parms.input then success, msg = wikidata_call(parms, '_adjustparameters', parms, 1) if not success then return false, msg end end local success, i, in_unit, in_unit_table = simple_get_values(parms) if not success then if type(i) == 'string' and i:match('^NNN+$') then -- Some infoboxes have examples like {{convert|NNN|m}} (3 or more "N"). -- Output an empty string for these. return false, { 'cvt_no_output' } end local valinfo success, valinfo, i = get_values(parms) if not success then return false, valinfo end in_unit = strip(parms[i]) i = i + 1 success, in_unit_table = lookup(parms, in_unit, 'no_combination') if not success then in_unit = in_unit or '' if parms.opt_ignore_error then -- display given unit code with no error (for use with {{val}}) in_unit_table = '' -- suppress error message and prevent processing of output unit end in_unit_table = setmetatable({ symbol = in_unit, name2 = in_unit, utype = in_unit, scale = 1, default = '', defkey = '', linkey = '', bad_mcode = in_unit_table }, unit_mt) end in_unit_table.valinfo = valinfo end if parms.test == 'msg' then -- Am testing the messages produced when no output unit is specified, and -- the input unit has a missing or invalid default. -- Set two units for testing that. -- LATER: Remove this code. if in_unit == 'chain' then in_unit_table.default = nil -- no default elseif in_unit == 'rd' then in_unit_table.default = "ft!X!m" -- an invalid expression end end in_unit_table.inout = 'in' -- this is an input unit if not parms.range then local success, inext, composite_unit = get_composite(parms, i, in_unit_table) if not success then return false, inext end if composite_unit then in_unit_table = composite_unit i = inext end end if in_unit_table.builtin == 'mach' then -- As with old template, a number following Mach as the input unit is the altitude, -- and there is no way to specify an altitude for the output unit. -- Could put more code in this function to get any output unit and check for -- an altitude following that unit. local success, info = extract_number(parms, parms[i], false, true) if success then i = i + 1 in_unit_table.altitude = info.value end end local word = strip(parms[i]) i = i + 1 local precision, is_bad_precision local function set_precision(text) local number, is_integer = get_number(text) if number then if is_integer then precision = number else precision = text is_bad_precision = true end return true -- text was used for precision, good or bad end end if word and not set_precision(word) then parms.out_unit = parms.out_unit or word if set_precision(strip(parms[i])) then i = i + 1 end end if parms.opt_adj_mid then word = parms[i] i = i + 1 if word then -- mid-text words if word:sub(1, 1) == '-' then parms.mid = word else parms.mid = ' ' .. word end end end if parms.opt_one_preunit then parms[parms.opt_flip and 'preunit2' or 'preunit1'] = preunits(1, parms[i]) i = i + 1 end if parms.disp == 'x' then -- Following is reasonably compatible with the old template. local first = parms[i] or '' local second = parms[i+1] or '' i = i + 2 if strip(first) == '' then -- user can enter ' ' rather than ' ' to avoid the default first = ' [ ' .. first second = ' ]' .. second end parms.joins = { first, second } elseif parms.opt_two_preunits then local p1, p2 = preunits(2, parms[i], parms[i+1]) i = i + 2 if parms.preunit1 then -- To simplify documentation, allow unlikely use of adj=pre with disp=preunit -- (however, an output unit must be specified with adj=pre and with disp=preunit). parms.preunit1 = parms.preunit1 .. p1 parms.preunit2 = p2 else parms.preunit1, parms.preunit2 = p1, p2 end end if precision == nil then if set_precision(strip(parms[i])) then i = i + 1 end end if is_bad_precision then add_warning(parms, 1, 'cvt_bad_prec', precision) else parms.precision = precision end for j = i, i + 3 do local parm = parms[j] -- warn if find a non-empty extraneous parameter if parm and parm:match('%S') then add_warning(parms, 1, 'cvt_unknown_option', parm) break end end return true, in_unit_table end local function record_default_precision(parms, out_current, precision) -- If necessary, adjust parameters and return a possibly adjusted precision. -- When converting a range of values where a default precision is required, -- that default is calculated for each value because the result sometimes -- depends on the precise input and output values. This function may cause -- the entire convert process to be repeated in order to ensure that the -- same default precision is used for each individual convert. -- If that were not done, a range like 1000 to 1000.4 may give poor results -- because the first output could be heavily rounded, while the second is not. -- For range 1000.4 to 1000, this function can give the second convert the -- same default precision that was used for the first. if not parms.opt_round_each then local maxdef = out_current.max_default_precision if maxdef then if maxdef < precision then parms.do_convert_again = true out_current.max_default_precision = precision else precision = out_current.max_default_precision end else out_current.max_default_precision = precision end end return precision end local function default_precision(parms, invalue, inclean, denominator, outvalue, in_current, out_current, extra) -- Return a default value for precision (an integer like 2, 0, -2). -- If denominator is not nil, it is the value of the denominator in inclean. -- Code follows procedures used in old template. local fudge = 1e-14 -- {{Order of magnitude}} adds this, so we do too local prec, minprec, adjust local subunit_ignore_trailing_zero local subunit_more_precision -- kludge for "in" used in input like "|2|ft|6|in" local composite = in_current.composite if composite then subunit_ignore_trailing_zero = true -- input "|2|st|10|lb" has precision 0, not -1 if composite[#composite].exception == 'subunit_more_precision' then subunit_more_precision = true -- do not use standard precision with input like "|2|ft|6|in" end end if denominator and denominator > 0 then prec = math.max(log10(denominator), 1) else -- Count digits after decimal mark, handling cases like '12.345e6'. local exponent local integer, dot, decimals, expstr = inclean:match('^(%d*)(%.?)(%d*)(.*)') local e = expstr:sub(1, 1) if e == 'e' or e == 'E' then exponent = tonumber(expstr:sub(2)) end if dot == '' then prec = subunit_ignore_trailing_zero and 0 or -integer:match('0*$'):len() else prec = #decimals end if exponent then -- So '1230' and '1.23e3' both give prec = -1, and '0.00123' and '1.23e-3' give 5. prec = prec - exponent end end if in_current.istemperature and out_current.istemperature then -- Converting between common temperatures (°C, °F, °R, K); not keVT. -- Kelvin value can be almost zero, or small but negative due to precision problems. -- Also, an input value like -300 C (below absolute zero) gives negative kelvins. -- Calculate minimum precision from absolute value. adjust = 0 local kelvin = abs((invalue - in_current.offset) * in_current.scale) if kelvin < 1e-8 then -- assume nonzero due to input or calculation precision problem minprec = 2 else minprec = 2 - floor(log10(kelvin) + fudge) -- 3 sigfigs in kelvin end else if invalue == 0 or outvalue <= 0 then -- We are never called with a negative outvalue, but it might be zero. -- This is special-cased to avoid calculation exceptions. return record_default_precision(parms, out_current, 0) end if out_current.exception == 'integer_more_precision' and floor(invalue) == invalue then -- With certain output units that sometimes give poor results -- with default rounding, use more precision when the input -- value is equal to an integer. An example of a poor result -- is when input 50 gives a smaller output than input 49.5. -- Experiment shows this helps, but it does not eliminate all -- surprises because it is not clear whether "50" should be -- interpreted as "from 45 to 55" or "from 49.5 to 50.5". adjust = -log10(in_current.scale) elseif subunit_more_precision then -- Conversion like "{{convert|6|ft|1|in|cm}}" (where subunit is "in") -- has a non-standard adjust value, to give more output precision. adjust = log10(out_current.scale) + 2 else adjust = log10(abs(invalue / outvalue)) end adjust = adjust + log10(2) -- Ensure that the output has at least two significant figures. minprec = 1 - floor(log10(outvalue) + fudge) end if extra then adjust = extra.adjust or adjust minprec = extra.minprec or minprec end return record_default_precision(parms, out_current, math.max(floor(prec + adjust), minprec)) end local function convert(parms, invalue, info, in_current, out_current) -- Convert given input value from one unit to another. -- Return output_value (a number) if a simple convert, or -- return f, t where -- f = true, t = table of information with results, or -- f = false, t = error message table. local inscale = in_current.scale local outscale = out_current.scale if not in_current.iscomplex and not out_current.iscomplex then return invalue * (inscale / outscale) -- minimize overhead for most common case end if in_current.invert or out_current.invert then -- Inverted units, such as inverse length, inverse time, or -- fuel efficiency. Built-in units do not have invert set. if (in_current.invert or 1) * (out_current.invert or 1) < 0 then return 1 / (invalue * inscale * outscale) end return invalue * (inscale / outscale) elseif in_current.offset then -- Temperature (there are no built-ins for this type of unit). if info.is_change then return invalue * (inscale / outscale) end return (invalue - in_current.offset) * (inscale / outscale) + out_current.offset else -- Built-in unit. local in_builtin = in_current.builtin local out_builtin = out_current.builtin if in_builtin and out_builtin then if in_builtin == out_builtin then return invalue end -- There are no cases (yet) where need to convert from one -- built-in unit to another, so this should never occur. return false, { 'cvt_bug_convert' } end if in_builtin == 'mach' or out_builtin == 'mach' then local adjust if in_builtin == 'mach' then inscale = speed_of_sound(in_current.altitude) adjust = outscale / 0.1 else outscale = speed_of_sound(out_current.altitude) adjust = 0.1 / inscale end return true, { outvalue = invalue * (inscale / outscale), adjust = log10(adjust) + log10(2), } elseif in_builtin == 'hand' then -- 1 hand = 4 inches; 1.2 hands = 6 inches. -- Decimals of a hand are only defined for the first digit, and -- the first fractional digit should be a number of inches (1, 2 or 3). -- However, this code interprets the entire fractional part as the number -- of inches / 10 (so 1.75 inches would be 0.175 hands). -- A value like 12.3 hands is exactly 12*4 + 3 inches; base default precision on that. local integer, fracpart = math.modf(invalue) local inch_value = 4 * integer + 10 * fracpart -- equivalent number of inches local factor = inscale / outscale if factor == 4 then -- Am converting to inches: show exact result, and use "inches" not "in" by default. if parms.abbr_org == nil then out_current.usename = true end local show = format('%g', abs(inch_value)) -- show and clean are unsigned if not show:find('e', 1, true) then return true, { invalue = inch_value, outvalue = inch_value, clean = show, show = show, } end end local outvalue = (integer + 2.5 * fracpart) * factor local fracstr = info.clean:match('%.(.*)') or '' local fmt if fracstr == '' then fmt = '%.0f' else fmt = '%.' .. format('%d', #fracstr - 1) .. 'f' end return true, { invalue = inch_value, clean = format(fmt, inch_value), outvalue = outvalue, minprec = 0, } end end return false, { 'cvt_bug_convert' } -- should never occur end local function user_style(parms, i) -- Return text for a user-specified style for a table cell, or '' if none, -- given i = 1 (input style) or 2 (output style). local style = parms[(i == 1) and 'stylein' or 'styleout'] if style then style = style:gsub('"', '') if style ~= '' then if style:sub(-1) ~= ';' then style = style .. ';' end return style end end return '' end local function make_table_or_sort(parms, invalue, info, in_current, scaled_top) -- Set options to handle output for a table or a sort key, or both. -- The text sort key is based on the value resulting from converting -- the input to a fake base unit with scale = 1, and other properties -- required for a conversion derived from the input unit. -- For other modules, return the sort key in a hidden span element, and -- the scaled value used to generate the sort key. -- If scaled_top is set, it is the scaled value of the numerator of a per unit -- to be combined with this unit (the denominator) to make the sort key. -- Scaling only works with units that convert with a factor (not temperature). local sortkey, scaled_value if parms.opt_sortable_on then local base = { -- a fake unit with enough fields for a valid convert scale = 1, invert = in_current.invert and 1, iscomplex = in_current.iscomplex, offset = in_current.offset and 0, } local outvalue, extra = convert(parms, invalue, info, in_current, base) if extra then outvalue = extra.outvalue end if in_current.istemperature then -- Have converted to kelvin; assume numbers close to zero have a -- rounding error and should be zero. if abs(outvalue) < 1e-12 then outvalue = 0 end end if scaled_top and outvalue ~= 0 then outvalue = scaled_top / outvalue end scaled_value = outvalue if not valid_number(outvalue) then if outvalue < 0 then sortkey = '1000000000000000000' else sortkey = '9000000000000000000' end elseif outvalue == 0 then sortkey = '5000000000000000000' else local mag = floor(log10(abs(outvalue)) + 1e-14) local prefix if outvalue > 0 then prefix = 7000 + mag else prefix = 2999 - mag outvalue = outvalue + 10^(mag+1) end sortkey = format('%d', prefix) .. format('%015.0f', floor(outvalue * 10^(14-mag))) end end local sortspan if sortkey and not parms.table_align then sortspan = parms.opt_sortable_debug and '<span data-sort-value="' .. sortkey .. '♠"><span style="border:1px solid">' .. sortkey .. '♠</span></span>' or '<span data-sort-value="' .. sortkey .. '♠"></span>' parms.join_before = sortspan end if parms.table_align then local sort if sortkey then sort = ' data-sort-value="' .. sortkey .. '"' if parms.opt_sortable_debug then parms.join_before = '<span style="border:1px solid">' .. sortkey .. '</span>' end else sort = '' end local style = 'style="text-align:' .. parms.table_align .. ';' local joins = {} for i = 1, 2 do joins[i] = (i == 1 and '' or '\n|') .. style .. user_style(parms, i) .. '"' .. sort .. '|' end parms.table_joins = joins end return sortspan, scaled_value end local cvt_to_hand local function cvtround(parms, info, in_current, out_current) -- Return true, t where t is a table with the conversion results; fields: -- show = rounded, formatted string with the result of converting value in info, -- using the rounding specified in parms. -- singular = true if result (after rounding and ignoring any negative sign) -- is "1", or like "1.00", or is a fraction with value < 1; -- (and more fields shown below, and a calculated 'absvalue' field). -- or return false, t where t is an error message table. -- Input info.clean uses en digits (it has been translated, if necessary). -- Output show uses en or non-en digits as appropriate, or can be spelled. if out_current.builtin == 'hand' then return cvt_to_hand(parms, info, in_current, out_current) end local invalue = in_current.builtin == 'hand' and info.altvalue or info.value local outvalue, extra = convert(parms, invalue, info, in_current, out_current) if parms.need_table_or_sort then parms.need_table_or_sort = nil -- process using first input value only make_table_or_sort(parms, invalue, info, in_current) end if extra then if not outvalue then return false, extra end invalue = extra.invalue or invalue outvalue = extra.outvalue end if not valid_number(outvalue) then return false, { 'cvt_invalid_num' } end local isnegative if outvalue < 0 then isnegative = true outvalue = -outvalue end local precision, show, exponent local denominator = out_current.frac if denominator then show = fraction_table(outvalue, denominator) else precision = parms.precision if not precision then if parms.sigfig then show, exponent = make_sigfig(outvalue, parms.sigfig) elseif parms.opt_round then local n = parms.opt_round if n == 0.5 then local integer, fracpart = math.modf(floor(2 * outvalue + 0.5) / 2) if fracpart == 0 then show = format('%.0f', integer) else show = format('%.1f', integer + fracpart) end else show = format('%.0f', floor((outvalue / n) + 0.5) * n) end else local inclean = info.clean if extra then inclean = extra.clean or inclean show = extra.show end if not show then precision = default_precision(parms, invalue, inclean, info.denominator, outvalue, in_current, out_current, extra) end end end end if precision then if precision >= 0 then local fudge if precision <= 8 then -- Add a fudge to handle common cases of bad rounding due to inability -- to precisely represent some values. This makes the following work: -- {{convert|-100.1|C|K}} and {{convert|5555000|um|m|2}}. -- Old template uses #expr round, which invokes PHP round(). -- LATER: Investigate how PHP round() works. fudge = 2e-14 else fudge = 0 end local fmt = '%.' .. format('%d', precision) .. 'f' local success success, show = pcall(format, fmt, outvalue + fudge) if not success then return false, { 'cvt_big_prec', tostring(precision) } end else precision = -precision -- #digits to zero (in addition to any digits after dot) local shift = 10 ^ precision show = format('%.0f', outvalue/shift) if show ~= '0' then exponent = #show + precision end end end local t = format_number(parms, show, exponent, isnegative) if type(show) == 'string' then -- Set singular using match because on some systems 0.99999999999999999 is 1.0. if exponent then t.singular = (exponent == 1 and show:match('^10*$')) else t.singular = (show == '1' or show:match('^1%.0*$')) end else t.fraction_table = show t.singular = (outvalue <= 1) -- cannot have 'fraction == 1', but if it were possible it would be singular end t.raw_absvalue = outvalue -- absolute value before rounding return true, setmetatable(t, { __index = function (self, key) if key == 'absvalue' then -- Calculate absolute value after rounding, if needed. local clean, exponent = rawget(self, 'clean'), rawget(self, 'exponent') local value = tonumber(clean) -- absolute value (any negative sign has been ignored) if exponent then value = value * 10^exponent end rawset(self, key, value) return value end end }) end function cvt_to_hand(parms, info, in_current, out_current) -- Convert input to hands, inches. -- Return true, t where t is a table with the conversion results; -- or return false, t where t is an error message table. if parms.abbr_org == nil then out_current.usename = true -- default is to show name not symbol end local precision = parms.precision local frac = out_current.frac if not frac and precision and precision > 1 then frac = (precision == 2) and 2 or 4 end local out_next = out_current.out_next if out_next then -- Use magic knowledge to determine whether the next unit is inches without requiring i18n. -- The following ensures that when the output combination "hand in" is used, the inches -- value is rounded to match the hands value. Also, displaying say "61½" instead of 61.5 -- is better as 61.5 implies the value is not 61.4. if out_next.exception == 'subunit_more_precision' then out_next.frac = frac end end -- Convert to inches; calculate hands from that. local dummy_unit_table = { scale = out_current.scale / 4, frac = frac } local success, outinfo = cvtround(parms, info, in_current, dummy_unit_table) if not success then return false, outinfo end local tfrac = outinfo.fraction_table local inches = outinfo.raw_absvalue if tfrac then inches = floor(inches) -- integer part only; fraction added later else inches = floor(inches + 0.5) -- a hands measurement never shows decimals of an inch end local hands, inches = divide(inches, 4) outinfo.absvalue = hands + inches/4 -- supposed to be the absolute rounded value, but this is close enough local inchstr = tostring(inches) -- '0', '1', '2' or '3' if precision and precision <= 0 then -- using negative or 0 for precision rounds to nearest hand hands = floor(outinfo.raw_absvalue/4 + 0.5) inchstr = '' elseif tfrac then -- Always show an integer before fraction (like "15.0½") because "15½" means 15-and-a-half hands. inchstr = numdot .. format_fraction(parms, 'out', false, inchstr, tfrac.numstr, tfrac.denstr) else inchstr = numdot .. from_en(inchstr) end outinfo.show = outinfo.sign .. with_separator(parms, format('%.0f', hands)) .. inchstr return true, outinfo end local function evaluate_condition(value, condition) -- Return true or false from applying a conditional expression to value, -- or throw an error if invalid. -- A very limited set of expressions is supported: -- v < 9 -- v * 9 < 9 -- where -- 'v' is replaced with value -- 9 is any number (as defined by Lua tonumber) -- only en digits are accepted -- '<' can also be '<=' or '>' or '>=' -- In addition, the following form is supported: -- LHS and RHS -- where -- LHS, RHS = any of above expressions. local function compare(value, text) local arithop, factor, compop, limit = text:match('^%s*v%s*([*]?)(.-)([<>]=?)(.*)$') if arithop == nil then error('Invalid default expression', 0) elseif arithop == '*' then factor = tonumber(factor) if factor == nil then error('Invalid default expression', 0) end value = value * factor end limit = tonumber(limit) if limit == nil then error('Invalid default expression', 0) end if compop == '<' then return value < limit elseif compop == '<=' then return value <= limit elseif compop == '>' then return value > limit elseif compop == '>=' then return value >= limit end error('Invalid default expression', 0) -- should not occur end local lhs, rhs = condition:match('^(.-%W)and(%W.*)') if lhs == nil then return compare(value, condition) end return compare(value, lhs) and compare(value, rhs) end local function get_default(value, unit_table) -- Return true, s where s = name of unit's default output unit, -- or return false, t where t is an error message table. -- Some units have a default that depends on the input value -- (the first value if a range of values is used). -- If '!' is in the default, the first bang-delimited field is an -- expression that uses 'v' to represent the input value. -- Example: 'v < 120 ! small ! big ! suffix' (suffix is optional) -- evaluates 'v < 120' as a boolean with result -- 'smallsuffix' if (value < 120), or 'bigsuffix' otherwise. -- Input must use en digits and '.' decimal mark. local default = data_code.default_exceptions[unit_table.defkey or unit_table.symbol] or unit_table.default if not default then local per = unit_table.per if per then local function a_default(v, u) local success, ucode = get_default(v, u) if not success then return '?' -- an unlikely error has occurred; will cause lookup of default to fail end -- Attempt to use only the first unit if a combination or output multiple. -- This is not bulletproof but should work for most cases. -- Where it does not work, the convert will need to specify the wanted output unit. local t = all_units[ucode] if t then local combo = t.combination if combo then -- For a multiple like ftin, the "first" unit (ft) is last in the combination. local i = t.multiple and table_len(combo) or 1 ucode = combo[i] end else -- Try for an automatically generated combination. local item = ucode:match('^(.-)%+') or ucode:match('^(%S+)%s') if all_units[item] then return item end end return ucode end local unit1, unit2 = per[1], per[2] local def1 = (unit1 and a_default(value, unit1) or unit_table.vprefix or '') local def2 = a_default(1, unit2) -- 1 because per unit of denominator return true, def1 .. '/' .. def2 end return false, { 'cvt_no_default', unit_table.symbol } end if default:find('!', 1, true) == nil then return true, default end local t = split(default, '!') if #t == 3 or #t == 4 then local success, result = pcall(evaluate_condition, value, t[1]) if success then default = result and t[2] or t[3] if #t == 4 then default = default .. t[4] end return true, default end end return false, { 'cvt_bad_default', unit_table.symbol } end local linked_pages -- to record linked pages so will not link to the same page more than once local function unlink(unit_table) -- Forget that the given unit has previously been linked (if it has). -- That is needed when processing a range of inputs or outputs when an id -- for the first range value may have been evaluated, but only an id for -- the last value is displayed, and that id may need to be linked. linked_pages[unit_table.unitcode or unit_table] = nil end local function make_link(link, id, unit_table) -- Return wikilink "[[link|id]]", possibly abbreviated as in examples: -- [[Mile|mile]] --> [[mile]] -- [[Mile|miles]] --> [[mile]]s -- However, just id is returned if: -- * no link given (so caller does not need to check if a link was defined); or -- * link has previously been used during the current convert (to avoid overlinking). local link_key if unit_table then link_key = unit_table.unitcode or unit_table else link_key = link end if not link or link == '' or linked_pages[link_key] then return id end linked_pages[link_key] = true -- Following only works for language en, but it should be safe on other wikis, -- and overhead of doing it generally does not seem worthwhile. local l = link:sub(1, 1):lower() .. link:sub(2) if link == id or l == id then return '[[' .. id .. ']]' elseif link .. 's' == id or l .. 's' == id then return '[[' .. id:sub(1, -2) .. ']]s' else return '[[' .. link .. '|' .. id .. ']]' end end local function variable_name(clean, unit_table) -- For slwiki, a unit name depends on the value. -- Parameter clean is the unsigned rounded value in en digits, as a string. -- Value Source Example for "m" -- integer 1: name1 meter (also is the name of the unit) -- integer 2: var{1} metra -- integer 3 and 4: var{2} metri -- integer else: var{3} metrov (0 and 5 or more) -- real/fraction: var{4} metra -- var{i} means the i'th field in unit_table.varname if it exists and has -- an i'th field, otherwise name2. -- Fields are separated with "!" and are not empty. -- A field for a unit using an SI prefix has the prefix name inserted, -- replacing '#' if found, or before the field otherwise. local vname if clean == '1' then vname = unit_table.name1 elseif unit_table.varname then local i if clean == '2' then i = 1 elseif clean == '3' or clean == '4' then i = 2 elseif clean:find('.', 1, true) then i = 4 else i = 3 end if i > 1 and varname == 'pl' then i = i - 1 end vname = split(unit_table.varname, '!')[i] end if vname then local si_name = rawget(unit_table, 'si_name') or '' local pos = vname:find('#', 1, true) if pos then vname = vname:sub(1, pos - 1) .. si_name .. vname:sub(pos + 1) else vname = si_name .. vname end return vname end return unit_table.name2 end local function linked_id(parms, unit_table, key_id, want_link, clean) -- Return final unit id (symbol or name), optionally with a wikilink, -- and update unit_table.sep if required. -- key_id is one of: 'symbol', 'sym_us', 'name1', 'name1_us', 'name2', 'name2_us'. local abbr_on = (key_id == 'symbol' or key_id == 'sym_us') if abbr_on and want_link then local symlink = rawget(unit_table, 'symlink') if symlink then return symlink -- for exceptions that have the linked symbol built-in end end local multiplier = rawget(unit_table, 'multiplier') local per = unit_table.per if per then local paren1, paren2 = '', '' -- possible parentheses around bottom unit local unit1 = per[1] -- top unit_table, or nil local unit2 = per[2] -- bottom unit_table if abbr_on then if not unit1 then unit_table.sep = '' -- no separator in "$2/acre" end if not want_link then local symbol = unit_table.symbol_raw if symbol then return symbol -- for exceptions that have the symbol built-in end end if (unit2.symbol):find('⋅', 1, true) then paren1, paren2 = '(', ')' end end local key_id2 -- unit2 is always singular if key_id == 'name2' then key_id2 = 'name1' elseif key_id == 'name2_us' then key_id2 = 'name1_us' else key_id2 = key_id end local result if abbr_on then result = '/' elseif omitsep then result = per_word elseif unit1 then result = ' ' .. per_word .. ' ' else result = per_word .. ' ' end if want_link and unit_table.link then if abbr_on or not varname then result = (unit1 and linked_id(parms, unit1, key_id, false, clean) or '') .. result .. linked_id(parms, unit2, key_id2, false, '1') else result = (unit1 and variable_name(clean, unit1) or '') .. result .. variable_name('1', unit2) end if omit_separator(result) then unit_table.sep = '' end return make_link(unit_table.link, result, unit_table) end if unit1 then result = linked_id(parms, unit1, key_id, want_link, clean) .. result if unit1.sep then unit_table.sep = unit1.sep end elseif omitsep then unit_table.sep = '' end return result .. paren1 .. linked_id(parms, unit2, key_id2, want_link, '1') .. paren2 end if multiplier then -- A multiplier (like "100" in "100km") forces the unit to be plural. multiplier = from_en(multiplier) if not omitsep then multiplier = multiplier .. (abbr_on and ' ' or ' ') end if not abbr_on then if key_id == 'name1' then key_id = 'name2' elseif key_id == 'name1_us' then key_id = 'name2_us' end end else multiplier = '' end local id = unit_table.fixed_name or ((varname and not abbr_on) and variable_name(clean, unit_table) or unit_table[key_id]) if omit_separator(id) then unit_table.sep = '' end if want_link then local link = data_code.link_exceptions[unit_table.linkey or unit_table.symbol] or unit_table.link if link then local before = '' local i = unit_table.customary if i == 1 and parms.opt_sp_us then i = 2 -- show "U.S." not "US" end if i == 3 and abbr_on then i = 4 -- abbreviate "imperial" to "imp" end local customary = text_code.customary_units[i] if customary then -- LATER: This works for language en only, but it's esoteric so ignore for now. local pertext if id:sub(1, 1) == '/' then -- Want unit "/USgal" to display as "/U.S. gal", not "U.S. /gal". pertext = '/' id = id:sub(2) elseif id:sub(1, 4) == 'per ' then -- Similarly want "per U.S. gallon", not "U.S. per gallon" (but in practice this is unlikely to be used). pertext = 'per ' id = id:sub(5) else pertext = '' end -- Omit any "US"/"U.S."/"imp"/"imperial" from start of id since that will be inserted. local removes = (i < 3) and { 'US ', 'US ', 'U.S. ', 'U.S. ' } or { 'imp ', 'imp ', 'imperial ' } for _, prefix in ipairs(removes) do local plen = #prefix if id:sub(1, plen) == prefix then id = id:sub(plen + 1) break end end before = pertext .. make_link(customary.link, customary[1]) .. ' ' end id = before .. make_link(link, id, unit_table) end end return multiplier .. id end local function make_id(parms, which, unit_table) -- Return id, f where -- id = unit name or symbol, possibly modified -- f = true if id is a name, or false if id is a symbol -- using the value for index 'which', and for 'in' or 'out' (unit_table.inout). -- Result is '' if no symbol/name is to be used. -- In addition, set unit_table.sep = ' ' or ' ' or '' -- (the separator that caller will normally insert before the id). if parms.opt_values then unit_table.sep = '' return '' end local inout = unit_table.inout local info = unit_table.valinfo[which] local abbr_org = parms.abbr_org local adjectival = parms.opt_adjectival local lk = parms.lk local want_link = (lk == 'on' or lk == inout) local usename = unit_table.usename local singular = info.singular local want_name if usename then want_name = true else if abbr_org == nil then if parms.wantname then want_name = true end if unit_table.usesymbol then want_name = false end end if want_name == nil then local abbr = parms.abbr if abbr == 'on' or abbr == inout or (abbr == 'mos' and inout == 'out') then want_name = false else want_name = true end end end local key if want_name then if lk == nil and unit_table.builtin == 'hand' then want_link = true end if parms.opt_use_nbsp then unit_table.sep = ' ' else unit_table.sep = ' ' end if parms.opt_singular then local value if inout == 'in' then value = info.value else value = info.absvalue end if value then -- some unusual units do not always set value field value = abs(value) singular = (0 < value and value < 1.0001) end end if unit_table.engscale then -- engscale: so "|1|e3kg" gives "1 thousand kilograms" (plural) singular = false end key = (adjectival or singular) and 'name1' or 'name2' if parms.opt_sp_us then key = key .. '_us' end else if unit_table.builtin == 'hand' then if parms.opt_hand_hh then unit_table.symbol = 'hh' -- LATER: might want i18n applied to this end end unit_table.sep = ' ' key = parms.opt_sp_us and 'sym_us' or 'symbol' end return linked_id(parms, unit_table, key, want_link, info.clean), want_name end local function decorate_value(parms, unit_table, which, number_word) -- If needed, update unit_table so values will be shown with extra information. -- For consistency with the old template (but different from fmtpower), -- the style to display powers of 10 includes "display:none" to allow some -- browsers to copy, for example, "10³" as "10^3", rather than as "103". local info local engscale = unit_table.engscale local prefix = unit_table.vprefix if engscale or prefix then info = unit_table.valinfo[which] if info.decorated then return -- do not redecorate if repeating convert end info.decorated = true if engscale then local inout = unit_table.inout local abbr = parms.abbr if (abbr == 'on' or abbr == inout) and not parms.number_word then info.show = info.show .. '<span style="margin-left:0.2em">×<span style="margin-left:0.1em">' .. from_en('10') .. '</span></span><s style="display:none">^</s><sup>' .. from_en(tostring(engscale.exponent)) .. '</sup>' elseif number_word then local number_id local lk = parms.lk if lk == 'on' or lk == inout then number_id = make_link(engscale.link, engscale[1]) else number_id = engscale[1] end -- WP:NUMERAL recommends " " in values like "12 million". info.show = info.show .. (parms.opt_adjectival and '-' or ' ') .. number_id end end if prefix then info.show = prefix .. info.show end end end local function process_input(parms, in_current) -- Processing required once per conversion. -- Return block of text to represent input (value/unit). if parms.opt_output_only or parms.opt_output_number_only or parms.opt_output_unit_only then parms.joins = { '', '' } return '' end local first_unit local composite = in_current.composite -- nil or table of units if composite then first_unit = composite[1] else first_unit = in_current end local id1, want_name = make_id(parms, 1, first_unit) local sep = first_unit.sep -- separator between value and unit, set by make_id local preunit = parms.preunit1 if preunit then sep = '' -- any separator is included in preunit else preunit = '' end if parms.opt_input_unit_only then parms.joins = { '', '' } if composite then local parts = { id1 } for i, unit in ipairs(composite) do if i > 1 then table.insert(parts, (make_id(parms, 1, unit))) end end id1 = table.concat(parts, ' ') end if want_name and parms.opt_adjectival then return preunit .. hyphenated(id1) end return preunit .. id1 end if parms.opt_also_symbol and not composite and not parms.opt_flip then local join1 = parms.joins[1] if join1 == ' (' or join1 == ' [' then parms.joins = { ' [' .. first_unit[parms.opt_sp_us and 'sym_us' or 'symbol'] .. ']' .. join1 , parms.joins[2] } end end if in_current.builtin == 'mach' and first_unit.sep ~= '' then -- '' means omitsep with non-enwiki name local prefix = id1 .. ' ' local range = parms.range local valinfo = first_unit.valinfo local result = prefix .. valinfo[1].show if range then -- For simplicity and because more not needed, handle one range item only. local prefix2 = make_id(parms, 2, first_unit) .. ' ' result = range_text(range[1], want_name, parms, result, prefix2 .. valinfo[2].show, 'in') end return preunit .. result end if composite then -- Simplify: assume there is no range, and no decoration. local mid = (not parms.opt_flip) and parms.mid or '' local sep1 = ' ' local sep2 = ' ' if parms.opt_adjectival and want_name then sep1 = '-' sep2 = '-' end if omitsep and sep == '' then -- Testing the id of the most significant unit should be sufficient. sep1 = '' sep2 = '' end local parts = { first_unit.valinfo[1].show .. sep1 .. id1 } for i, unit in ipairs(composite) do if i > 1 then table.insert(parts, unit.valinfo[1].show .. sep1 .. (make_id(parms, 1, unit))) end end return table.concat(parts, sep2) .. mid end local add_unit = (parms.abbr == 'mos') or parms[parms.opt_flip and 'out_range_x' or 'in_range_x'] or (not want_name and parms.abbr_range_x) local range = parms.range if range and not add_unit then unlink(first_unit) end local id = range and make_id(parms, range.n + 1, first_unit) or id1 local extra, was_hyphenated = hyphenated_maybe(parms, want_name, sep, id, 'in') if was_hyphenated then add_unit = false end local result local valinfo = first_unit.valinfo if range then for i = 0, range.n do local number_word if i == range.n then add_unit = false number_word = true end decorate_value(parms, first_unit, i+1, number_word) local show = valinfo[i+1].show if add_unit then show = show .. first_unit.sep .. (i == 0 and id1 or make_id(parms, i+1, first_unit)) end if i == 0 then result = show else result = range_text(range[i], want_name, parms, result, show, 'in') end end else decorate_value(parms, first_unit, 1, true) result = valinfo[1].show end return result .. preunit .. extra end local function process_one_output(parms, out_current) -- Processing required for each output unit. -- Return block of text to represent output (value/unit). local inout = out_current.inout -- normally 'out' but can be 'in' for order=out local id1, want_name = make_id(parms, 1, out_current) local sep = out_current.sep -- set by make_id local preunit = parms.preunit2 if preunit then sep = '' -- any separator is included in preunit else preunit = '' end if parms.opt_output_unit_only then if want_name and parms.opt_adjectival then return preunit .. hyphenated(id1) end return preunit .. id1 end if out_current.builtin == 'mach' and out_current.sep ~= '' then -- '' means omitsep with non-enwiki name local prefix = id1 .. ' ' local range = parms.range local valinfo = out_current.valinfo local result = prefix .. valinfo[1].show if range then -- For simplicity and because more not needed, handle one range item only. result = range_text(range[1], want_name, parms, result, prefix .. valinfo[2].show, inout) end return preunit .. result end local add_unit = (parms[parms.opt_flip and 'in_range_x' or 'out_range_x'] or (not want_name and parms.abbr_range_x)) and not parms.opt_output_number_only local range = parms.range if range and not add_unit then unlink(out_current) end local id = range and make_id(parms, range.n + 1, out_current) or id1 local extra, was_hyphenated = hyphenated_maybe(parms, want_name, sep, id, inout) if was_hyphenated then add_unit = false end local result local valinfo = out_current.valinfo if range then for i = 0, range.n do local number_word if i == range.n then add_unit = false number_word = true end decorate_value(parms, out_current, i+1, number_word) local show = valinfo[i+1].show if add_unit then show = show .. out_current.sep .. (i == 0 and id1 or make_id(parms, i+1, out_current)) end if i == 0 then result = show else result = range_text(range[i], want_name, parms, result, show, inout) end end else decorate_value(parms, out_current, 1, true) result = valinfo[1].show end if parms.opt_output_number_only then return result end return result .. preunit .. extra end local function make_output_single(parms, in_unit_table, out_unit_table) -- Return true, item where item = wikitext of the conversion result -- for a single output (which is not a combination or a multiple); -- or return false, t where t is an error message table. if parms.opt_order_out and in_unit_table.unitcode == out_unit_table.unitcode then out_unit_table.valinfo = in_unit_table.valinfo else out_unit_table.valinfo = collection() for _, v in ipairs(in_unit_table.valinfo) do local success, info = cvtround(parms, v, in_unit_table, out_unit_table) if not success then return false, info end out_unit_table.valinfo:add(info) end end return true, process_one_output(parms, out_unit_table) end local function make_output_multiple(parms, in_unit_table, out_unit_table) -- Return true, item where item = wikitext of the conversion result -- for an output which is a multiple (like 'ftin'); -- or return false, t where t is an error message table. local inout = out_unit_table.inout -- normally 'out' but can be 'in' for order=out local multiple = out_unit_table.multiple -- table of scaling factors (will not be nil) local combos = out_unit_table.combination -- table of unit tables (will not be nil) local abbr = parms.abbr local abbr_org = parms.abbr_org local disp = parms.disp local want_name = (abbr_org == nil and (disp == 'or' or disp == 'slash')) or not (abbr == 'on' or abbr == inout or abbr == 'mos') local want_link = (parms.lk == 'on' or parms.lk == inout) local mid = parms.opt_flip and parms.mid or '' local sep1 = ' ' local sep2 = ' ' if parms.opt_adjectival and want_name then sep1 = '-' sep2 = '-' end local do_spell = parms.opt_spell_out parms.opt_spell_out = nil -- so the call to cvtround does not spell the value local function make_result(info, isfirst) local fmt, outvalue, sign local results = {} for i = 1, #combos do local tfrac, thisvalue, strforce local out_current = combos[i] out_current.inout = inout local scale = multiple[i] if i == 1 then -- least significant unit ('in' from 'ftin') local decimals out_current.frac = out_unit_table.frac local success, outinfo = cvtround(parms, info, in_unit_table, out_current) if not success then return false, outinfo end if isfirst then out_unit_table.valinfo = { outinfo } -- in case output value of first least significant unit is needed end sign = outinfo.sign tfrac = outinfo.fraction_table if outinfo.is_scientific then strforce = outinfo.show decimals = '' elseif tfrac then decimals = '' else local show = outinfo.show -- number as a string in local language local p1, p2 = show:find(numdot, 1, true) decimals = p1 and show:sub(p2 + 1) or '' -- text after numdot, if any end fmt = '%.' .. ulen(decimals) .. 'f' -- to reproduce precision if decimals == '' then if tfrac then outvalue = floor(outinfo.raw_absvalue) -- integer part only; fraction added later else outvalue = floor(outinfo.raw_absvalue + 0.5) -- keep all integer digits of least significant unit end else outvalue = outinfo.absvalue end end if scale then outvalue, thisvalue = divide(outvalue, scale) else thisvalue = outvalue end local id if want_name then if varname then local clean if strforce or tfrac then clean = '.1' -- dummy value to force name for floating point else clean = format(fmt, thisvalue) end id = variable_name(clean, out_current) else local key = 'name2' if parms.opt_adjectival then key = 'name1' elseif tfrac then if thisvalue == 0 then key = 'name1' end elseif parms.opt_singular then if 0 < thisvalue and thisvalue < 1.0001 then key = 'name1' end else if thisvalue == 1 then key = 'name1' end end id = out_current[key] end else id = out_current['symbol'] end if i == 1 and omit_separator(id) then -- Testing the id of the least significant unit should be sufficient. sep1 = '' sep2 = '' end if want_link then local link = out_current.link if link then id = make_link(link, id, out_current) end end local strval local spell_inout = (i == #combos or outvalue == 0) and inout or '' -- trick so the last value processed (first displayed) has uppercase, if requested if strforce and outvalue == 0 then sign = '' -- any sign is in strforce strval = strforce -- show small values in scientific notation; will only use least significant unit elseif tfrac then local wholestr = (thisvalue > 0) and tostring(thisvalue) or nil strval = format_fraction(parms, spell_inout, false, wholestr, tfrac.numstr, tfrac.denstr, do_spell) else strval = (thisvalue == 0) and from_en('0') or with_separator(parms, format(fmt, thisvalue)) if do_spell then strval = spell_number(parms, spell_inout, strval) or strval end end table.insert(results, strval .. sep1 .. id) if outvalue == 0 then break end fmt = '%.0f' -- only least significant unit can have a non-integral value end local reversed, count = {}, #results for i = 1, count do reversed[i] = results[count + 1 - i] end return true, sign .. table.concat(reversed, sep2) end local valinfo = in_unit_table.valinfo local success, result = make_result(valinfo[1], true) if not success then return false, result end local range = parms.range if range then for i = 1, range.n do local success, result2 = make_result(valinfo[i+1]) if not success then return false, result2 end result = range_text(range[i], want_name, parms, result, result2, inout) end end return true, result .. mid end local function process(parms, in_unit_table, out_unit_table) -- Return true, s, outunit where s = final wikitext result, -- or return false, t where t is an error message table. linked_pages = {} local success, bad_output local bad_input_mcode = in_unit_table.bad_mcode -- nil if input unit is a valid convert unit local out_unit = parms.out_unit if out_unit == nil or out_unit == '' or type(out_unit) == 'function' then if bad_input_mcode or parms.opt_input_unit_only then bad_output = '' else local getdef = type(out_unit) == 'function' and out_unit or get_default success, out_unit = getdef(in_unit_table.valinfo[1].value, in_unit_table) parms.out_unit = out_unit if not success then bad_output = out_unit end end end if not bad_output and not out_unit_table then success, out_unit_table = lookup(parms, out_unit, 'any_combination') if success then local mismatch = check_mismatch(in_unit_table, out_unit_table) if mismatch then bad_output = mismatch end else bad_output = out_unit_table end end local lhs, rhs local flipped = parms.opt_flip and not bad_input_mcode if bad_output then rhs = (bad_output == '') and '' or message(parms, bad_output) elseif parms.opt_input_unit_only then rhs = '' else local combos -- nil (for 'ft' or 'ftin'), or table of unit tables (for 'm ft') if not out_unit_table.multiple then -- nil/false ('ft' or 'm ft'), or table of factors ('ftin') combos = out_unit_table.combination end local frac = parms.frac -- nil or denominator of fraction for output values if frac then -- Apply fraction to the unit (if only one), or to non-SI units (if a combination), -- except that if a precision is also specified, the fraction only applies to -- the hand unit; that allows the following result: -- {{convert|156|cm|in hand|1|frac=2}} → 156 centimetres (61.4 in; 15.1½ hands) -- However, the following is handled elsewhere as a special case: -- {{convert|156|cm|hand in|1|frac=2}} → 156 centimetres (15.1½ hands; 61½ in) if combos then local precision = parms.precision for _, unit in ipairs(combos) do if unit.builtin == 'hand' or (not precision and not unit.prefixes) then unit.frac = frac end end else out_unit_table.frac = frac end end local outputs = {} local imax = combos and #combos or 1 -- 1 (single unit) or number of unit tables if imax == 1 then parms.opt_order_out = nil -- only useful with an output combination end if not flipped and not parms.opt_order_out then -- Process left side first so any duplicate links (from lk=on) are suppressed -- on right. Example: {{convert|28|e9pc|e9ly|abbr=off|lk=on}} lhs = process_input(parms, in_unit_table) end for i = 1, imax do local success, item local out_current = combos and combos[i] or out_unit_table out_current.inout = 'out' if i == 1 then if imax > 1 and out_current.builtin == 'hand' then out_current.out_next = combos[2] -- built-in hand can influence next unit in a combination end if parms.opt_order_out then out_current.inout = 'in' end end if out_current.multiple then success, item = make_output_multiple(parms, in_unit_table, out_current) else success, item = make_output_single(parms, in_unit_table, out_current) end if not success then return false, item end outputs[i] = item end if parms.opt_order_out then lhs = outputs[1] table.remove(outputs, 1) end local sep = parms.table_joins and parms.table_joins[2] or parms.join_between rhs = table.concat(outputs, sep) end if flipped or not lhs then local input = process_input(parms, in_unit_table) if flipped then lhs = rhs rhs = input else lhs = input end end if parms.join_before then lhs = parms.join_before .. lhs end local wikitext if bad_input_mcode then if bad_input_mcode == '' then wikitext = lhs else wikitext = lhs .. message(parms, bad_input_mcode) end elseif parms.table_joins then wikitext = parms.table_joins[1] .. lhs .. parms.table_joins[2] .. rhs else wikitext = lhs .. parms.joins[1] .. rhs .. parms.joins[2] end if parms.warnings and not bad_input_mcode then wikitext = wikitext .. parms.warnings end return true, wikitext, out_unit_table end local function main_convert(frame) -- Do convert, and if needed, do it again with higher default precision. local parms = { frame = frame } -- will hold template arguments, after translation set_config(frame.args) local success, result = get_parms(parms, frame:getParent().args) if success then if type(result) ~= 'table' then return tostring(result) end local in_unit_table = result local out_unit_table for _ = 1, 2 do -- use counter so cannot get stuck repeating convert success, result, out_unit_table = process(parms, in_unit_table, out_unit_table) if success and parms.do_convert_again then parms.do_convert_again = false else break end end end -- If input=x gives a problem, the result should be just the user input -- (if x is a property like P123 it has been replaced with ''). -- An unknown input unit would display the input and an error message -- with success == true at this point. -- Also, can have success == false with a message that outputs an empty string. if parms.input_text then if success and not parms.have_problem then return result end local cat if parms.tracking then -- Add a tracking category using the given text as the category sort key. -- There is currently only one type of tracking, but in principle multiple -- items could be tracked, using different sort keys for convenience. cat = wanted_category('tracking', parms.tracking) end return parms.input_text .. (cat or '') end return success and result or message(parms, result) end local function _unit(unitcode, options) -- Helper function for Module:Val to look up a unit. -- Parameter unitcode must be a string to identify the wanted unit. -- Parameter options must be nil or a table with optional fields: -- value = number (for sort key; default value is 1) -- scaled_top = nil for a normal unit, or a number for a unit which is -- the denominator of a per unit (for sort key) -- si = { 'symbol', 'link' } -- (a table with two strings) to make an SI unit -- that will be used for the look up -- link = true if result should be [[linked]] -- sort = 'on' or 'debug' if result should include a sort key in a -- span element ('debug' makes the key visible) -- name = true for the name of the unit instead of the symbol -- us = true for the US spelling of the unit, if any -- Return nil if unitcode is not a non-empty string. -- Otherwise return a table with fields: -- text = requested symbol or name of unit, optionally linked -- scaled_value = input value adjusted by unit scale; used for sort key -- sortspan = span element with sort key like that provided by {{ntsh}}, -- calculated from the result of converting value -- to a base unit with scale 1. -- unknown = true if the unitcode was not known unitcode = strip(unitcode) if unitcode == nil or unitcode == '' then return nil end set_config({}) linked_pages = {} options = options or {} local parms = { abbr = options.name and 'off' or 'on', lk = options.link and 'on' or nil, opt_sp_us = options.us and true or nil, opt_ignore_error = true, -- do not add pages using this function to 'what links here' for Module:Convert/extra opt_sortable_on = options.sort == 'on' or options.sort == 'debug', opt_sortable_debug = options.sort == 'debug', } if options.si then -- Make a dummy table of units (just one unit) for lookup to use. -- This makes lookup recognize any SI prefix in the unitcode. local symbol = options.si[1] or '?' parms.unittable = { [symbol] = { _name1 = symbol, _name2 = symbol, _symbol = symbol, utype = symbol, scale = symbol == 'g' and 0.001 or 1, prefixes = 1, default = symbol, link = options.si[2], }} end local success, unit_table = lookup(parms, unitcode, 'no_combination') if not success then unit_table = setmetatable({ symbol = unitcode, name2 = unitcode, utype = unitcode, scale = 1, default = '', defkey = '', linkey = '' }, unit_mt) end local value = tonumber(options.value) or 1 local clean = tostring(abs(value)) local info = { value = value, altvalue = value, singular = (clean == '1'), clean = clean, show = clean, } unit_table.inout = 'in' unit_table.valinfo = { info } local sortspan, scaled_value if options.sort then sortspan, scaled_value = make_table_or_sort(parms, value, info, unit_table, options.scaled_top) end return { text = make_id(parms, 1, unit_table), sortspan = sortspan, scaled_value = scaled_value, unknown = not success and true or nil, } end return { convert = main_convert, _unit = _unit } wikipedia, แบบไทย, วิกิพีเดีย, วิกิ หนังสือ, หนังสือ, ห้องสมุด, บทความ, อ่าน, ดาวน์โหลด, ฟรี, ดาวน์โหลดฟรี, mp3, วิดีโอ, mp4, 3gp, jpg, jpeg, gif, png, รูปภาพ, เพลง, เพลง, หนัง, หนังสือ, เกม, เกม, มือถือ, โทรศัพท์, Android, iOS, Apple, โทรศัพท์โมบิล, Samsung, iPhone, Xiomi, Xiaomi, Redmi, Honor, Oppo, Nokia, Sonya, MI, PC, พีซี, web, เว็บ, คอมพิวเตอร์
niepnmxdulthithukpxngknthawrenuxngcakmikhwamesiyngsung krunaxphipraykarepliynaeplngid thanghnakhuy khunxacsngkhakhxaekikh ipyngphuduaelrabbephuxihaekikhidhakepnkaraekikhthiimmikarkhdkhanhruxmikhwamehnphxngsnbsnun khunyngsamarthkhxihelikpxngknhnaidkhumuxkarichnganmxdul srang khunxaccatxngkarsrangkhumuxkarichngankhxngmxdulni phuekhiynsamarththakarthdlxngidthikrabathray aek dukhwamaetktang aelachudthdsxb srang khxngmxdulni oprdephimhmwdhmuipthihnayxy hnayxykhxngmxdulni Convert a value from one unit of measurement to another Example convert 123 lb kg gt 123 pounds 56 kg See en Template Convert Transwiki guide if copying to another wiki local MINUS Unicode U 2212 MINUS SIGN UTF 8 e2 88 92 local abs math abs local floor math floor local format string format local log10 math log10 local ustring mw ustring local ulen ustring len local usub ustring sub Configuration options to keep magic values in one location Conversion data and message text are defined in separate modules local config maxsigfig local numdot must be or or a character which works in a regex local numsep numsep remove numsep remove2 local data code all units local text code local varname can be a code to use variable names that depend on value local from en table to translate an output string of en digits to local language local to en table to translate an input string of digits in local language to en Use translation table in convert text to change the following local en default true uses lang en unless convert has lang local or local digits local group method 3 code for how many digits are in a group local per word per for units like liters per kilometer local plural suffix s only other useful value is probably to disable plural unit names local omitsep true to omit separator before local symbol name All units should be defined in the data module However to cater for quick changes and experiments any unknown unit is looked up in an extra data module if it exists That module would be transcluded in only a small number of pages so there should be little server overhead from making changes and changes should propagate quickly local extra module name of module with extra units local extra units nil or table of extra units from extra module Some options in the invoking template can set variables used later in the module local currency text for a user defined currency symbol convert 12 ha euro replaces dollar local function from en text Input is a string representing a number in en digits with decimal mark without digit grouping which is done just after calling this Return the translation of the string with numdot and digits in local language if numdot then text text gsub numdot end if from en table then text text gsub d from en table end return text end local function to en text Input is a string representing a number in the local language with an optional numdot decimal mark and numsep digit grouping Return the translation of the string with mark and en digits and no separators they have to be removed here to handle cases like numsep and numdot with input 1 234 567 8 if to en table then text ustring gsub text d to en table end if numsep remove then text text gsub numsep remove end if numsep remove2 then text text gsub numsep remove2 end if numdot then text text gsub numdot end return text end local function decimal mark text Return if text probably is using comma for decimal mark or has no decimal mark Return if text probably is using dot for decimal mark Otherwise return nothing decimal mark not known if not text find then return end text text gsub gsub d d gsub Ee d local decimal text match 0 d or text match d d d or text match d d d d d if decimal then return decimal end if text match d then return end if text match d then return end end local add warning with separator forward declarations local function to en with check text parms Version of to en for a wiki using numdot and numsep to check text an input number as a string which might have been copied from enwiki For example in 1 234 the could be a decimal mark or a group separator From viwiki if to en table then text ustring gsub text d to en table end if decimal mark text then local original text text text gsub for example interpret 1 234 5 as an enwiki value if parms then add warning parms 0 cvt enwiki num original with separator text end else if numsep remove then text text gsub numsep remove end if numsep remove2 then text text gsub numsep remove2 end if numdot then text text gsub numdot end end return text end local function omit separator id Return true if there should be no separator before id a unit symbol or name For zhwiki there should be no separator if id uses local characters The following kludge should be a sufficient test if omitsep then if id sub 1 2 then for content language variant return true end if id byte gt 127 then local first usub id 1 1 if first A and first and first µ then return true end end end return id sub 1 1 no separator before units like ha end local spell module name of module that can spell numbers local speller function from that module to handle spelling set if needed local wikidata module wikidata data module names of Wikidata modules local wikidata code wikidata data exported tables from those modules set if needed local function set config args Set configuration options from template invoke or defaults config args maxsigfig config maxsigfig or 14 maximum number of significant figures local data module text module local sandbox config sandbox and config sandbox or data module Module Convert data sandbox text module Module Convert text sandbox extra module Module Convert extra sandbox wikidata module Module Convert wikidata sandbox wikidata data module Module Convert wikidata data sandbox spell module Module ConvertNumeric data code mw loadData data module text code mw loadData text module all units data code all units local translation text code translation table if translation then numdot translation numdot numsep translation numsep if numdot and numsep then if text code all messages cvt enwiki num then to en to en with check end end if translation group then group method translation group end if translation per word then per word translation per word end if translation plural suffix then plural suffix translation plural suffix end varname translation varname from en table translation from en local use workaround true if use workaround then 2013 07 05 workaround bug by making a copy of the required table mw ustring gsub fails with a table to en table as the replacement if the table is accessed via mw loadData local source translation to en if source then to en table for k v in pairs source do to en table k v end end else to en table translation to en end if translation lang en default then en default true for hiwiki end omitsep translation omitsep for zhwiki end numdot config numdot or numdot or decimal mark before fractional digits numsep config numsep or numsep or group separator for numbers numsep should be or or or amp nbsp or a Unicode character numsep remove must work in a regex to identify separators to be removed if numsep then numsep remove numsep and or numsep end if numsep and numdot then numsep remove2 so numbers copied from enwiki will work end end local function collection Return a table to hold items return n 0 add function self item self n self n 1 self self n item end end local function divide numerator denominator Return integers quotient remainder resulting from dividing the two given numbers which should be unsigned integers local quotient remainder floor numerator denominator numerator denominator if not 0 lt remainder and remainder lt denominator then Floating point limits may need this as in convert 160 02 Ym ydftin remainder 0 end return quotient remainder end local function split text delimiter Return a numbered table with fields from splitting text The delimiter is used in a regex without escaping for example would fail Each field has any leading trailing whitespace removed local t text text delimiter to get last item for item in text gmatch s s delimiter do table insert t item end return t end local function strip text If text is a string return its content with no leading trailing whitespace Otherwise return nil a nil argument gives a nil result if type text string then return text match s s end end local function table len t Return length lt 100 of a numbered table to replace t which is documented to not work if t is accessed via mw loadData for i 1 100 do if t i nil then return i 1 end end end local function wanted category catkey catsort want warning Return message category if it is wanted in current namespace otherwise return local cat local title mw title getCurrentTitle if title then local nsdefault 0 default namespace 0 article 0 10 article and template local namespace title namespace for v in ipairs split config nscat or nsdefault do if namespace tonumber v then cat text code all categories want warning and warning or catkey if catsort and catsort and cat sub 2 then cat cat sub 1 3 mw text nowiki usub catsort 1 20 end break end end end return cat or end local function message parms mcode is warning Return wikitext for an error message including category if specified for the message type mcode numbered table specifying the message mcode 1 cvt xxx string used as a key to get message info mcode 2 parm1 string to replace 1 if any in message mcode 3 parm2 string to replace 2 if any in message mcode 4 parm3 string to replace 3 if any in message local msg if type mcode table then if mcode 1 cvt no output then Some errors should cause convert to output an empty string for example for an optional field in an infobox return end msg text code all messages mcode 1 end parms have problem true local function subparm fmt local rep for i v in ipairs do rep i v end return fmt gsub d rep end if msg then local parts local regex replace msg regex msg replace for i 1 3 do local limit 40 local s mcode i 1 if s then if regex and replace then s s gsub regex replace limit nil allow long should be messages end Escape user input so it does not break the message To avoid tags like convert 1 lt math gt 23 lt math gt m breaking the mouseover title any strip marker starting with char 127 is replaced with text not needing i18n local append local pos s find string char 127 1 true if pos then append s s sub 1 pos 1 end if limit and ulen s gt limit then s usub s 1 limit append end s mw text nowiki s append or else s end parts i s end local function ispreview Return true if a prominent message should be shown if parms test preview or parms test nopreview then For testing can preview a real message or simulate a preview when running automated tests return parms test preview end local success revid pcall function return parms frame preprocess REVISIONID end return success and revid end local want warning is warning and not config warnings and show unobtrusive warnings if config warnings not configured not msg nowarn but use msg settings not standard warning if specified local title string gsub msg 1 or Missing message d parts local text want warning and or msg 2 or Missing message local cat wanted category msg 3 mcode 2 want warning local anchor msg 4 or local fmtkey ispreview and cvt format preview or want warning and cvt format2 or msg format or cvt format local fmt text code all messages fmtkey or convert bug return subparm fmt title gsub amp quot text cat anchor end return Convert internal error unknown message end function add warning parms level key text1 text2 for forward declaration above If enabled add a warning that will be displayed after the convert result A higher level is more verbose more kinds of warnings are displayed To reduce output noise only the first warning is displayed if level lt tonumber config warnings or 1 then if parms warnings nil then parms warnings message parms key text1 text2 true end end end local function spell number parms inout number numerator denominator Return result of spelling number numerator denominator or return nil if spelling is not available or not supported for given text Examples each value must be a string or nil number numerator denominator output 1 23 nil nil one point two three 1 2 3 one and two thirds nil 2 3 two thirds if not speller then local function get speller module return require module spell number end local success success speller pcall get speller spell module if not success or type speller function then add warning parms 1 cvt no spell spell return nil end end local case if parms spell upper inout then case true parms spell upper nil only uppercase first word in a multiple unit end local sp not parms opt sp us local adj parms opt adjectival return speller number numerator denominator case sp adj end BEGIN Code required only for built in units LATER If need much more code move to another module to simplify this module local function speed of sound altitude This is for the Mach built in unit of speed Return speed of sound in metres per second at given altitude in feet If no altitude given use default zero altitude sea level Table gives speed of sound in miles per hour at various altitudes altitude 17 499 to 302 499 feet mach table a 4 s where a altitude 5000 rounded to nearest integer 3 to 60 s speed of sound mph at that altitude LATER Should calculate result from an interpolation between the next lower and higher altitudes in table rather than rounding to nearest From http www aerospaceweb org question atmosphere q0112 shtml local mach table a 799 5 787 0 774 2 761 207051 3 to 0 748 0 734 6 721 0 707 0 692 8 678 3 663 5 660 1 660 1 660 1 1 to 10 660 1 660 1 660 1 662 0 664 3 666 5 668 9 671 1 673 4 675 6 11 to 20 677 9 683 7 689 9 696 0 702 1 708 1 714 0 719 9 725 8 731 6 21 to 30 737 3 737 7 737 7 736 2 730 5 724 6 718 8 712 9 707 0 701 1 31 to 40 695 0 688 9 682 8 676 6 670 4 664 1 657 8 652 9 648 3 643 7 41 to 50 639 1 634 4 629 6 624 8 620 0 615 2 613 2 613 2 613 2 613 5 51 to 60 altitude altitude or 0 local a altitude lt 0 and altitude or altitude a floor a 5000 0 5 if altitude lt 0 then a a end if a lt 3 then a 3 elseif a gt 60 then a 60 end return mach table a 4 0 44704 mph converted to m s end END Code required only for built in units local function get range word Return a range string or table corresponding to word like to or return nil if not a range word local ranges text code ranges return ranges types word or ranges types ranges aliases word end local function check mismatch unit1 unit2 If unit1 cannot be converted to unit2 return an error message table This allows conversion between units of the same type and between Nm normally torque and ftlb energy as in gun related articles This works because Nm is the base unit scale 1 for both the primary type torque and the alternate type energy where Nm J A match occurs if the primary types are the same or if unit1 matches the alternate type of unit2 and vice versa That provides a whitelist of which conversions are permitted between normally incompatible types if unit1 utype unit2 utype or unit1 utype unit2 alttype and unit1 alttype unit2 utype then return nil end return cvt mismatch unit1 utype unit2 utype end local function override from out table in table fields Copy the specified fields from in table to out table but do not copy nil fields keep any corresponding field in out table for field in ipairs fields do if in table field then out table field in table field end end end local function shallow copy t Return a shallow copy of table t Do not need the features and overhead of the Scribunto mw clone local result for k v in pairs t do result k v end return result end local unit mt Metatable to get missing values for a unit that does not accept SI prefixes Warning The boolean value false is returned for any missing field so index is not called twice for the same field in a given unit index function self key local value if key name1 or key sym us then value self symbol elseif key name2 then value self name1 plural suffix elseif key name1 us then value self name1 if not rawget self name2 us then If name1 us is foot do not make name2 us by appending plural suffix self name2 us self name2 end elseif key name2 us then local raw1 us rawget self name1 us if raw1 us then value raw1 us plural suffix else value self name2 end elseif key link then value self name1 else value false end rawset self key value return value end local function prefixed name unit name index Return unit name with SI prefix inserted at correct position index 1 name1 2 name2 3 name1 us 4 name2 us The position is a byte not character index so use Lua s sub local pos rawget unit prefix position if type pos string then pos tonumber split pos index end if pos then return name sub 1 pos 1 unit si name name sub pos end return unit si name name end local unit prefixed mt Metatable to get missing values for a unit that accepts SI prefixes Before use fields si name si prefix must be defined The unit must define symbol name1 and may define sym us name1 us name2 us sym us name2 us may be defined for a language using sp us to refer to a variant unrelated to U S units index function self key local value if key symbol then value self si prefix self symbol elseif key sym us then value rawget self sym us if value then value self si prefix value else value self symbol end elseif key name1 then value prefixed name self self name1 1 elseif key name2 then value rawget self name2 if value then value prefixed name self value 2 else value self name1 plural suffix end elseif key name1 us then value rawget self name1 us if value then value prefixed name self value 3 else value self name1 end elseif key name2 us then value rawget self name2 us if value then value prefixed name self value 4 elseif rawget self name1 us then value self name1 us plural suffix else value self name2 end elseif key link then value self name1 else value false end rawset self key value return value end local unit per mt Metatable to get values for a per unit of form x y This is never called to determine a unit name or link because per units are handled as a special case Similarly the default output is handled elsewhere and for a symbol this is only called from get default for default exceptions index function self key local value if key symbol then local per self per local unit1 unit2 per 1 per 2 if unit1 then value unit1 key unit2 key else value unit2 key end elseif key sym us then value self symbol elseif key scale then local per self per local unit1 unit2 per 1 per 2 value unit1 and unit1 scale or 1 self scalemultiplier unit2 scale else value false end rawset self key value return value end local function make per unitcode unit table ulookup Return true t where t is a per unit with unit codes expanded to unit tables or return false t where t is an error message table local result unitcode unitcode utype unit table utype per override from result unit table invert iscomplex default link symbol symlink result symbol raw result symbol or false to distinguish between a defined exception and a metatable calculation local prefix for i v in ipairs unit table per do if i 1 and v then First unit symbol can be empty that gives a nil first unit table elseif i 1 and text code currency v then prefix currency text or v else local success t ulookup v if not success then return false t end result per i t end end local multiplier unit table multiplier if not result utype then Creating an automatic per unit local unit1 result per 1 local utype unit1 and unit1 utype or prefix or result per 2 utype local t data code per unit fixups utype if t then if type t table then utype t utype or utype result link result link or t link multiplier multiplier or t multiplier else utype t end end result utype utype end result scalemultiplier multiplier or 1 result vprefix prefix or false set to non nil to avoid calling index return true setmetatable result unit per mt end local function lookup parms unitcode what utable fails depth Return true t where t is a copy of the unit s converter table or return false t where t is an error message table Parameter what determines whether combination units are accepted no combination single unit only any combination single unit or combination or output multiple only multiple single unit or output multiple only Parameter unitcode is a symbol like g with an optional SI prefix like kg If for example kg is in this table that entry is used otherwise the prefix k is applied to the base unit g If unitcode is a known combination code and if allowed by what a table of output multiple unit tables is included in the result For compatibility with the old template an underscore in a unitcode is replaced with a space so usage like convert 350 board feet works Wikignomes may also put two spaces or amp nbsp in combinations so replace underscore amp nbsp and multiple spaces with a single space utable utable or parms unittable or all units fails fails or depth depth and depth 1 or 1 if depth gt 9 then There are ways to mistakenly define units which result in infinite recursion when lookup is called That gives a long delay and very confusing error messages so the depth parameter is used as a guard return false cvt lookup unitcode end if unitcode nil or unitcode then return false cvt no unit end unitcode unitcode gsub gsub amp nbsp gsub local function call make per t return make per unitcode t function ucode return lookup parms ucode no combination utable fails depth end end local t utable unitcode if t then if t shouldbe then return false cvt should be t shouldbe end if t sp us then parms opt sp us true end local target t target nil or unitcode is an alias for this target if target then local success result lookup parms target what utable fails depth if not success then return false result end override from result t customary default link symbol symlink local multiplier t multiplier if multiplier then result multiplier tostring multiplier result scale result scale multiplier end return true result end if t per then return call make per t end local combo t combination nil or a table of unitcodes if combo then local multiple t multiple if what no combination or what only multiple and not multiple then return false cvt bad unit unitcode end Recursively create a combination table containing the converter table of each unitcode local result utype t utype multiple multiple combination local cvt result combination for i v in ipairs combo do local success t lookup parms v multiple and no combination or only multiple utable fails depth if not success then return false t end cvt i t end return true result end local result shallow copy t result unitcode unitcode if result prefixes then result si name result si prefix return true setmetatable result unit prefixed mt end return true setmetatable result unit mt end local SIprefixes text code SIprefixes for plen SIprefixes 1 or 2 1 1 do Look for an SI prefix should never occur with an alias Check for longer prefix first dam is decametre SIprefixes 1 prefix maximum characters as seen by mw ustring sub local prefix usub unitcode 1 plen local si SIprefixes prefix if si then local t utable usub unitcode plen 1 if t and t prefixes then local result shallow copy t result unitcode unitcode result si name parms opt sp us and si name us or si name result si prefix si prefix or prefix result scale t scale 10 si exponent t prefixes return true setmetatable result unit prefixed mt end end end Accept user defined combinations like acre m2 ha or acre m2 ha for output If is used each unit code can include a space and any error is fatal If is used and if each space separated word is a unit code it is a combo but errors are not fatal so the unit code can be looked up as an extra unit local err is fatal local combo collection if unitcode find 1 true then err is fatal true for item in unitcode gmatch s s do if item then combo add item end end elseif unitcode find s then for item in unitcode gmatch S do combo add item end end if combo n gt 1 then local function lookup combo if what no combination or what only multiple then return false cvt bad unit unitcode end local result combination local cvt result combination for i v in ipairs combo do local success t lookup parms v only multiple utable fails depth if not success then return false t end if i 1 then result utype t utype else local mismatch check mismatch result t if mismatch then return false mismatch end end cvt i t end return true result end local success result lookup combo if success or err is fatal then return success result end end Accept any unit with an engineering notation prefix like e6cuft million cubic feet but not chained prefixes like e3e6cuft and not if the unit is a combination or multiple and not if the unit has an offset or is a built in Only en digits are accepted local exponent baseunit unitcode match e d if exponent then local engscale text code eng scales exponent if engscale then local success result lookup parms baseunit no combination utable fails depth if success and not result offset or result builtin or result engscale then result unitcode unitcode e6cuft not cuft result defkey unitcode key to lookup default exception result engscale engscale result scale result scale 10 tonumber exponent return true result end end end Look for x y split on right most slash to get scale correct x y z is x y per z local top bottom unitcode match if top and not unitcode find e d then If valid create an automatic per unit for an x y unit code The unitcode must not include extraneous spaces Engineering notation apart from at start and which has been stripped before here is not supported so do not make a per unit if find text like e3 in unitcode local success result call make per per top bottom if success then return true result end end if not parms opt ignore error and not get range unitcode then Want the what links here list for the extra module to show only cases where an extra unit is used so do not require it if invoked from val or if looking up a range word which cannot be a unit if not extra units then local success extra pcall function return require extra module extra units end if success and type extra table then extra units extra end end if extra units then A unit in one data table might refer to a unit in the other table so switch between them relying on fails or depth to terminate loops if not fails unitcode then fails unitcode true local other utable all units and extra units or all units local success result lookup parms unitcode what other fails depth if success then return true result end end end end if to en table then At fawiki it is common to translate all digits so a unit like km2 becomes km۲ local en code ustring gsub unitcode d to en table if en code unitcode then return lookup parms en code what utable fails depth end end return false cvt unknown unitcode end local function valid number num Return true if num is a valid number In Scribunto different from some standard Lua when expressed as a string overflow or other problems are indicated with text like inf or nan which are regarded as invalid here each contains n if type num number and tostring num find n 1 true nil then return true end end local function hyphenated name parts Return a hyphenated form of given name for adjectival usage The name may be linked and the target of the link must not be changed Hypothetical examples long ton ton long ton ton no change tonne long ton tonne long ton metric ton long ton metric ton long ton long ton long ton long ton Input can also have multiple links in a single name like United States customary units U S US gallon gallon mile s per United States customary units U S quart long ton s per short ton Assume that links cannot be nested never like abc def ghi This uses a simple and efficient procedure that works for most cases Some units if used would require more and can later think about adding a method to handle exceptions The procedure is to replace each space with a hyphen but not a space after for pre 1954 amp nbsp US nautical mile and not spaces immediately before or in for cases like British thermal unit ISO and Calorie International Steam Table if name find 1 true then if parts then local pos if name sub 1 1 then pos name find 1 true if pos then return name sub 1 pos 1 name sub pos 2 gsub end elseif name sub 1 then pos name find 1 true if pos then return name sub 1 pos 2 gsub name sub pos 1 end end return name gsub end parts collection for before item after in name gmatch do if item find 1 true then local prefix local plen item find 1 true if plen then prefix item sub 1 plen item item sub plen 1 3 else prefix item sub 1 3 item item sub 3 3 end item prefix hyphenated item parts end parts add before gsub item after gsub end if parts n 0 then No link like was found in the original name parts add hyphenated name parts end return table concat parts end return name end local function hyphenated maybe parms want name sep id inout Return s f where s id possibly modified f true if hyphenated Possible modifications hyphenate prepend append mid text if id nil or id then return end local mid inout parms opt flip and out or in and parms mid or if want name then if parms opt adjectival then return hyphenated id mid true end if parms opt add s and id sub 1 s then id id s for nowiki end end return sep id mid end local function use minus text Return text with Unicode minus instead of if present if text sub 1 1 then return MINUS text sub 2 end return text end local function digit groups parms text method Return a numbered table of groups of digits left to right in local language Parameter method is a number or nil 3 for 3 digit grouping default or 2 for 3 then 2 grouping only for digits before decimal mark local len right local len left text find 1 true if len left then len right text len left len left len left 1 else len left text end local twos method 2 and len left gt 5 local groups collection local run len left local n if run lt 4 or run 4 and parms opt comma5 then if parms opt gaps then n run else n text end elseif twos then n run 2 0 and 1 or 2 else n run 3 0 and 3 or run 3 end while run gt 0 do groups add n run run n n twos and run gt 3 and 2 or 3 end if len right then if groups n 0 then groups add 0 end if parms opt gaps and len right gt 3 then local want4 not parms opt gaps3 true gives no gap before trailing single digit local isfirst true run len right while run gt 0 do n want4 and run 4 and 4 or run gt 3 and 3 or run if isfirst then isfirst false groups groups n groups groups n 1 n else groups add n end run run n end else groups groups n groups groups n 1 len right end end local pos 1 for i length in ipairs groups do groups i from en text sub pos pos length 1 pos pos length end return groups end function with separator parms text for forward declaration above Input text is a number in en digits with optional decimal mark Return an equivalent formatted for display with a custom decimal mark instead of if wanted with thousand separators inserted if wanted digits in local language The given text is like 123 or 123 or 12345 6789 The text has no sign caller inserts that later if necessary When using gaps they are inserted before and after the decimal mark Separators are inserted only before the decimal mark A trailing dot as in 123 is removed because their use appears to be accidental and such a number should be shown as 123 or 123 0 It is useful for convert to suppress the dot so for example 4000 is a simple way of indicating that all the digits are significant if text sub 1 then text text sub 1 2 end if text lt 4 or parms opt nocomma or numsep then return from en text end local groups digit groups parms text group method if parms opt gaps then if groups n lt 1 then return groups 1 or end local nowrap lt span style white space nowrap gt local gap lt span style margin left 0 25em gt local close lt span gt return nowrap groups 1 gap table concat groups close gap 2 groups n close close end return table concat groups numsep end An input value like 1 23e12 is displayed using scientific notation 1 23 10 That also makes the output use scientific notation except for small values In addition very small or very large output values use scientific notation Use format fmtpower significand 10 exponent where each argument is a string local fmtpower s lt span style margin 0 15em 0 25em gt lt span gt s lt sup gt s lt sup gt local function with exponent parms show exponent Return wikitext to display the implied value in scientific notation Input uses en digits output uses digits in local language return format fmtpower with separator parms show from en 10 use minus from en tostring exponent end local function make sigfig value sigfig Return show exponent that are equivalent to the result of converting the number value where value gt 0 to a string rounded to sigfig significant figures The returned items are show a string of digits no sign and no dot there is an implied dot before show exponent a number an integer to shift the implied dot Resulting value tonumber show 10 exponent Examples make sigfig 23 456 3 returns 235 2 235 10 2 make sigfig 0 0023456 3 returns 235 2 235 10 2 make sigfig 0 3 returns 000 1 000 10 1 if sigfig lt 0 then sigfig 1 elseif sigfig gt maxsigfig then sigfig maxsigfig end if value 0 then return string rep 0 sigfig 1 end local exp fracpart math modf log10 value if fracpart gt 0 then fracpart fracpart 1 exp exp 1 end local digits format 0f 10 fracpart sigfig if digits gt sigfig then Overflow for sigfig 3 like 0 9999 rounding to 1000 need 100 digits digits sub 1 sigfig exp exp 1 end assert digits sigfig Bug rounded number has wrong length return digits exp end Fraction output format local fracfmt Like frac fraction slash 1 2 sign numerator denominator 1 2 3 signed wholenumber numerator denominator lt span class frac nowrap gt s lt sup gt s lt sup gt amp frasl lt sub gt s lt sub gt lt span gt lt span class frac nowrap gt s lt span class visualhide gt amp nbsp lt span gt lt sup gt s lt sup gt amp frasl lt sub gt s lt sub gt lt span gt Like sfrac fraction horizontal bar 1 2 sign numerator denominator sign should probably be before the fraction but then it can wrap and html is already too long 1 2 3 signed wholenumber numerator denominator lt span class sfrac nowrap style display inline block vertical align 0 5em font size 85 text align center gt lt span style display block line height 1em padding 0 0 1em gt s s lt span gt lt span class visualhide gt lt span gt lt span style display block line height 1em padding 0 0 1em border top 1px solid gt s lt span gt lt span gt lt span class sfrac nowrap gt s lt span class visualhide gt amp nbsp lt span gt lt span style display inline block vertical align 0 5em font size 85 text align center gt lt span style display block line height 1em padding 0 0 1em gt s lt span gt lt span class visualhide gt lt span gt lt span style display block line height 1em padding 0 0 1em border top 1px solid gt s lt span gt lt span gt lt span gt local function format fraction parms inout negative wholestr numstr denstr do spell style Return wikitext for a fraction possibly spelled Inputs use en digits and have no sign output uses digits in local language local wikitext if not style then style parms opt fraction horizontal and 2 or 1 end if wholestr then wholestr nil end if wholestr then local decorated with separator parms wholestr if negative then decorated MINUS decorated end local fmt fracfmt style 2 wikitext format fmt decorated from en numstr from en denstr else local sign negative and MINUS or wikitext format fracfmt style 1 sign from en numstr from en denstr end if do spell then if negative then if wholestr then wholestr wholestr else numstr numstr end end wikitext spell number parms inout wholestr numstr denstr or wikitext end return wikitext end local function format number parms show exponent isnegative Parameter show is a string or a table containing strings Each string is a formatted number in en digits and optional decimal mark A table represents a fraction integer numerator denominator if a table is given exponent must be nil Return t where t is a table with fields show wikitext formatted to display implied value digits in local language is scientific true if show uses scientific notation clean unformatted show possibly adjusted and with inserted en digits sign or MINUS exponent exponent possibly adjusted The clean and exponent fields can be used to calculate the rounded absolute value if needed The value implied by the arguments is found from exponent is nil and show is a string of digits no sign with an optional dot show 123 4 is value 123 4 1234 is value 1234 0 or exponent is an integer indicating where dot should be show is a string of digits no sign and no dot there is an implied dot before show show does not start with 0 show 1234 exponent 3 is value 0 1234 10 3 123 4 The formatted result Is for an output value and is spelled if wanted and possible Includes a Unicode minus if isnegative and not spelled Uses a custom decimal mark if wanted Has digits grouped where necessary if wanted Uses scientific notation if requested or for very small or large values which forces result to not be spelled Has no more than maxsigfig significant digits same as old template and expr local xhi xlo these control when scientific notation exponent is used if parms opt scientific then xhi xlo 4 2 default for output if input uses e notation elseif parms opt scientific always then xhi xlo 0 0 always use scientific notation experimental else xhi xlo 10 4 default end local sign isnegative and MINUS or local maxlen maxsigfig local tfrac if type show table then tfrac show show tfrac wholestr assert exponent nil Bug exponent given with fraction end if not tfrac and not exponent then local integer dot decimals show match d if integer 0 or integer then local zeros figs decimals match 0 0 if figs 0 then if zeros gt maxlen then show 0 zeros sub 1 maxlen end elseif zeros gt xlo then show figs exponent zeros elseif figs gt maxlen then show 0 zeros figs sub 1 maxlen end elseif integer gt xhi then show integer decimals exponent integer else maxlen maxlen dot if show gt maxlen then show show sub 1 maxlen end end end if exponent then local function zeros n return string rep 0 n end if show gt maxlen then show show sub 1 maxlen end if exponent gt xhi or exponent lt xlo or exponent xhi and show 1 zeros xhi 1 then When xhi xlo 10 4 the default scientific notation is used if the rounded value satisfies value gt 1e9 or value lt 1e 4 1e9 0 1e10 except if show is 1000000000 1e9 for example convert 1000000000 m m sigfig 10 1 000 000 000 metres 1 000 000 000 m local significand if show gt 1 then significand show sub 1 1 show sub 2 else significand show end return clean show exponent exponent sign sign show sign with exponent parms significand exponent 1 is scientific true end if exponent gt show then show show zeros exponent show result has no dot elseif exponent lt 0 then show 0 zeros exponent show else show show sub 1 exponent show sub exponent 1 end end local formatted show if tfrac then show tostring tfrac value to set clean in returned table formatted show format fraction parms out isnegative tfrac wholestr tfrac numstr tfrac denstr parms opt spell out else if isnegative and show match 0 0 then sign don t show minus if result is negative but rounds to zero end formatted show sign with separator parms show if parms opt spell out then formatted show spell number parms out sign show or formatted show end end return clean show sign sign show formatted show is scientific false to avoid calling index end local function extract fraction parms text negative If text represents a fraction return value altvalue show denominator where value is a number value of the fraction in argument text altvalue is an alternate interpretation of any fraction for the hands unit where 12 1 3 4 means 12 hands 1 75 inches show is a string formatted text for display of an input value and is spelled if wanted and possible denominator is value of the denominator in the fraction Otherwise return nil Input uses en digits and decimal mark input has been translated Output uses digits in local language and local decimal mark if any Originally this function accepted x y z where x y z were any valid numbers possibly with a sign For example 1 23e 2 1 2 2 4 123 5 and 2 3 8 1 625 However such usages were found to be errors or misunderstandings so since August 2014 the following restrictions apply x if present is an integer or has a single digit after decimal mark y and z are unsigned integers e notation is not accepted The overall number can start with or so 12 3 4 and 12 3 4 and 12 3 4 are valid Any leading negative sign is removed by the caller so only inputs like the following are accepted here may have whitespace negative false false true there was a leading text 2 3 2 3 2 3 text 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 text 12 3 1 2 12 3 1 2 12 3 1 2 Values like 12 3 1 2 are accepted but are intended only for use with the hands unit not worth adding code to enforce that local leading plus prefix numstr slashes denstr text match s s s d s s d s if not leading plus then Accept a single U 2044 fraction slash because that may be pasted leading plus prefix numstr denstr text match s s s d s s d s slashes end local numerator tonumber numstr local denominator tonumber denstr if numerator nil or denominator nil or negative and leading plus then return nil end local whole wholestr if prefix then wholestr whole 0 else Any prefix must be like 12 or 12 whole number and fraction sign 12 3 and 12 3 are also accepted single digit after decimal point because 12 3 1 2 hands is valid 12 hands 3 inches local num1 num2 frac sign prefix match d d s if num1 nil then return nil end if num2 then num2 must be or like 1 but not or 12 wholestr num1 else if num2 2 then return nil end wholestr num1 num2 end if frac sign negative and or then return nil end whole tonumber wholestr if whole nil then return nil end end local value whole numerator denominator if not valid number value then return nil end local altvalue whole numerator denominator 10 local style slashes kludge 1 or 2 slashes can be used to select style if style gt 2 then style 2 end local wikitext format fraction parms in negative leading plus wholestr numstr denstr parms opt spell in style return value altvalue wikitext denominator end local function extract number parms text another no fraction Return true info if can extract a number from text where info is a table with the result or return false t where t is an error message table Input can use en digits or digits in local language and can have references at the end Accepting references is intended for use in infoboxes with a field for a value passed to convert Parameter another true if the expected value is not the first Before processing the input text is cleaned Any thousand separators valid or not are removed Any sign is replaced with if negative or otherwise That replaces Unicode minus with If successful the returned info table contains named fields value a valid number altvalue a valid number usually same as value but different if fraction used for hands unit singular true if value is 1 or 1 to use singular form of units clean cleaned text with any separators and sign removed en digits and decimal mark show text formatted for output possibly with ref strip markers digits in local language and custom decimal mark The resulting show Is for an input value and is spelled if wanted and possible Has a rounded value if wanted Has digits grouped where necessary if wanted If negative a Unicode minus is used otherwise the sign is if the input text used or is if no sign in input text strip text or local reference local pos text find 127 1 true if pos then local before text sub 1 pos 1 local remainder text sub pos local refs while remainder gt 0 do local ref spaces ref spaces remainder remainder match 127 127 UNIQ 127 ref 127 127 s if ref then table insert refs ref else refs break end end if refs gt 0 then text strip before reference table concat refs end end local clean to en text parms if clean then return false another and cvt no num2 or cvt no num end local isnegative propersign false most common case local singular show denominator local value tonumber clean local altvalue if value then local sign clean sub 1 1 if sign or sign then propersign sign and or MINUS clean clean sub 2 end if value lt 0 then isnegative true value value end else local valstr for prefix in ipairs MINUS amp minus do Including sets isnegative in case input is a fraction like 2 3 4 local plen prefix if clean sub 1 plen prefix then valstr clean sub plen 1 if valstr match s then 1 is invalid but 1 1 2 is ok return false cvt bad num text end break end end if valstr then isnegative true propersign MINUS clean valstr value tonumber clean end if value nil then if not no fraction then value altvalue show denominator extract fraction parms clean isnegative end if value nil then return false cvt bad num text end if value lt 1 then singular true for example mile or one half mile singular unit end end end if not valid number value then for example 1e310 may overflow return false cvt invalid num end if show nil then clean is a non empty string with no spaces and does not represent a fraction and value tonumber clean is a number gt 0 If the input uses e notation show will be displayed using a power of ten but we use the number as given so it might not be normalized scientific notation The input value is spelled if specified so any e notation is ignored that allows input like 2e6 to be spelled as two million which works because the spell module converts 2e6 to 2000000 before spelling local function rounded value default exponent local precision parms opt ri if precision then local fmt format d precision f local result fmt format tonumber value 2e 14 fudge for some common cases of bad rounding if not exponent then singular tonumber result 1 end return result end return default end singular value 1 local scientific local significand exponent clean match d Ee d if significand then show with exponent parms rounded significand significand exponent exponent scientific true else show with separator parms rounded value clean end show propersign show if parms opt spell in then show spell number parms in propersign rounded value clean or show scientific false end if scientific then parms opt scientific true end end if isnegative and value 0 then value value altvalue altvalue or value end return true value value altvalue altvalue or value singular singular clean clean show show reference or denominator denominator end local function get number text Return v f where v nil text is not a number or v value of text text is a number f true if value is an integer Input can use en digits or digits in local language but no separators no Unicode minus and no fraction if text then local number tonumber to en text if number then local fracpart math modf number return number fracpart 0 end end end local function gcd a b Return the greatest common denominator for the given values which are known to be positive integers if a gt b then a b b a end if a lt 0 then return b end local r b a if r lt 0 then return a end if r 1 then return 1 end return gcd r a end local function fraction table value denominator Return value as a string or a table If result is a string there is no fraction and the result is value formatted as a string of en digits If result is a table it represents a fraction with named fields wholestr numstr denstr strings of en digits for integer numerator denominator The result is rounded to the nearest multiple of 1 denominator If the multiple is zero no fraction is included No fraction is included if value is very large as the fraction would be unhelpful particularly if scientific notation is required Input value is a non negative number Input denominator is a positive integer for the desired fraction if value lt 0 then return 0 end if denominator lt 0 or value gt 1e8 then return format 2f value end local integer decimals math modf value local numerator floor decimals denominator 0 5 2e 14 add fudge for some common cases of bad rounding if numerator gt denominator then integer integer 1 numerator 0 end local wholestr tostring integer if numerator gt 0 then local div gcd numerator denominator if div gt 1 then numerator numerator div denominator denominator div end return wholestr integer gt 0 and wholestr or numstr tostring numerator denstr tostring denominator value value end return wholestr end local function preunits count preunit1 preunit2 If count is 1 ignore preunit2 return p1 else preunit1 is used for preunit2 if the latter is empty return p1 p2 where p1 is text to insert before the input unit p2 is text to insert before the output unit p1 or p2 may be nil to mean no preunit Using gives output like 5 feet no space before but space after local function withspace text wantboth Return text with space before and if wantboth after However no space is added if there is a space or amp nbsp or at that position is for adjectival text There is also no space if text starts with amp e g amp deg would display a degree symbol with no preceding space local char text sub 1 1 if char amp then return text an html entity can be used to specify the exact display end if not char or char or char then text text end if wantboth then char text sub 1 1 if not char or char or text sub 6 1 amp nbsp then text text end end return text end local PLUS preunit1 preunit1 or local trim1 strip preunit1 if count 1 then if trim1 then return nil end if trim1 then return PLUS end return withspace preunit1 true end preunit1 withspace preunit1 preunit2 preunit2 or local trim2 strip preunit2 if trim1 then if trim2 or trim2 then return PLUS PLUS end preunit1 PLUS end if trim2 then if trim1 then return nil nil end preunit2 preunit1 elseif trim2 then preunit2 PLUS elseif trim2 amp 32 then trick to make preunit2 empty preunit2 nil else preunit2 withspace preunit2 end return preunit1 preunit2 end local function range text range want name parms before after inout Return before rtext after where rtext is the text that separates two values in a range local rtext adj text exception if type range table then Table must specify range text for off and on or input and output and may specify range text for adj on and may specify exception true rtext range want name and off or on or range inout in parms opt flip true and output or input adj text range adj exception range exception else rtext range end if parms opt adjectival then if want name or exception and parms abbr org on then rtext adj text or rtext gsub gsub amp nbsp end end if rtext and after sub 1 MINUS MINUS then rtext amp nbsp end return before rtext after end local function get composite parms iparm in unit table Look for a composite input unit For example convert 1 yd 2 ft 3 in would result in a call to this function with iparm 3 parms iparm 2 just after the first unit in unit table unit table for yd contains value 1 for number of yards Return true iparm unit where iparm index just after the composite units 7 in above example unit composite unit table holding all input units or return true if no composite unit is present in parms or return false t where t is an error message table local default subinfo local composite units count in unit table 1 local fixups local total in unit table valinfo 1 value local subunit in unit table while subunit subdivs do subdivs is nil or a table of allowed subdivisions local subcode strip parms iparm 1 local subdiv subunit subdivs subcode or subunit subdivs all units subcode or target if not subdiv then break end local success success subunit lookup parms subcode no combination if not success then return false subunit end should never occur success subinfo extract number parms parms iparm if not success then return false subinfo end iparm iparm 2 subunit inout in subunit valinfo subinfo Recalculate total as a number of subdivisions subdiv 1 number of subdivisions per previous unit integer gt 1 total total subdiv 1 subinfo value if not default then set by the first subdiv with a default defined default subdiv default end count count 1 composite units count subunit if subdiv unit or subdiv name then fixups count unit subdiv unit name subdiv name valinfo subunit valinfo end end if count 1 then return true no error and no composite unit end for i fixup in pairs fixups do local unit fixup unit local name fixup name if not unit or count gt 2 and name then composite units i fixed name name else local success alternate lookup parms unit no combination if not success then return false alternate end should never occur alternate inout in alternate valinfo fixup valinfo composite units i alternate end end return true iparm utype in unit table utype scale subunit scale scale of last least significant unit valinfo value total clean subinfo clean denominator subinfo denominator composite composite units default default or in unit table default end local function translate parms parms kv pairs Update fields in parms by translating each key value in kv pairs to terms used by this module may involve translating from local language to English Also checks are performed which may display warnings if enabled Return true if successful or return false t where t is an error message table currency text nil local testing can hold module in memory must clear globals local accept any text input true qid true qual true stylein true styleout true tracking true if kv pairs adj and kv pairs sing then For enwiki before translation warn if attempt to use adj and sing as the latter is a deprecated alias for the former if kv pairs adj kv pairs sing and kv pairs sing then add warning parms 1 cvt unknown option sing kv pairs sing end kv pairs sing nil end kv pairs comma kv pairs comma or config comma for plwiki who want default comma 5 for loc name loc value in pairs kv pairs do local en name text code en option name loc name if en name then local en value if en name or en name frac or en name sigfig then if loc value then add warning parms 2 cvt empty option loc name elseif en name then Value should be a single character like for the euro currency symbol but anything is accepted currency text loc value euro and or loc value else local minimum local number is integer get number loc value if en name frac then minimum 2 if number and number lt 0 then parms opt fraction horizontal true number number end else minimum 1 end if number and is integer and number gt minimum then en value number else add warning parms 1 en name frac and cvt bad frac or cvt bad sigfig loc name loc value end end elseif accept any text en name then en value loc value and loc value or nil accept non empty user text with no validation if en name input then May have something like convert input empty input if source is an infobox with optional fields In that case want to output nothing rather than an error parms input text loc value keep input because parms input is nil if loc value end else en value text code en option value en name loc value if en value and en value sub 1 then en value en value sub 1 2 add warning parms 1 cvt deprecated loc name loc value end if en value nil then if loc value then add warning parms 2 cvt empty option loc name else add warning parms 1 cvt unknown option loc name loc value end elseif en value then en value nil an ignored option like adj off elseif type en value string and en value sub 1 4 opt then for v in ipairs split en value do local lhs rhs v match if rhs then parms lhs tonumber rhs or rhs else parms v true end end en value nil end end parms en name en value else add warning parms 1 cvt unknown option loc name loc value end end local abbr entered parms abbr local cfg abbr config abbr if cfg abbr then Don t warn if invalid because every convert would show that warning if cfg abbr on always then parms abbr on elseif cfg abbr off always then parms abbr off elseif parms abbr nil then if cfg abbr on default then parms abbr on elseif cfg abbr off default then parms abbr off end end end if parms abbr then if parms abbr unit then parms abbr on parms number word true end parms abbr org parms abbr original abbr before any flip elseif parms opt hand hh then parms abbr org on parms abbr on else parms abbr out default is to abbreviate output only use symbol not name end if parms opt order out then Disable options that do not work in a useful way with order out parms opt flip nil override adj flip parms opt spell in nil parms opt spell out nil parms opt spell upper nil end if parms opt spell out and not abbr entered then parms abbr off should show unit name when spelling the output value end if parms opt flip then local function swap in out option local value parms option if value in then parms option out elseif value out then parms option in end end swap in out abbr swap in out lk if parms opt spell in and not parms opt spell out then For simplicity and because it does not appear to be needed user cannot set an option to spell the output only parms opt spell in nil parms opt spell out true end end if parms opt spell upper then parms spell upper parms opt flip and out or in end if parms opt table or parms opt tablecen then if abbr entered nil and parms lk nil then parms opt values true end parms table align parms opt table and right or center end if parms table align or parms opt sortable on then parms need table or sort true end local disp joins text code disp joins local default joins disp joins b parms join between default joins 3 or local disp parms disp if disp nil then special case for the most common setting parms joins default joins elseif disp x then Later parms joins is set from the input parameters else Old template does this local abbr parms abbr if disp slash then if abbr entered nil then disp slash nbsp elseif abbr in or abbr out then disp slash sp else disp slash nosp end elseif disp sqbr then if abbr on then disp sqbr nbsp else disp sqbr sp end end parms joins disp joins disp or default joins parms join between parms joins 3 or parms join between parms wantname parms joins wantname end if en default and not parms opt lang local and parms 1 or find d or parms opt lang en then from en table nil end if en default and from en table then For hiwiki localized symbol name is defined with the US symbol name field and is used if output uses localized numbers parms opt sp us true end return true end local function get values parms If successful update parms and return true v i where v table of input values i index to next entry in parms after those processed here or return false t where t is an error message table local valinfo collection numbered table of input values local range collection numbered table of range items having for example 2 range items requires 3 input values local had nocomma true if removed nocomma kludge from second parameter like tonocomma local parm2 strip parms 2 if parm2 and parm2 sub 7 1 nocomma then parms 2 strip parm2 sub 1 8 parms opt nocomma true had nocomma true end local function extractor i If the parameter is not a value try unpacking it as a range 1 23 for 1 to 23 However 1 2 3 is a negative fraction 1 so it must be extracted first Do not unpack a parameter if it is like 3 1 2 which is sometimes incorrectly used instead of 3 1 2 and which should not be interpreted as 3 to Unpacked items are inserted into the parms table The tail recursion allows combinations like 1x2 to 3x4 local valstr strip parms i trim so any as a negative sign will be at start local success result extract number parms valstr i gt 1 if not success and valstr and i lt 20 then check i to limit abuse local lhs sep rhs valstr match S s S s S if lhs and not sep and rhs match then if sep find d then return success result to reject convert 1 234 567 m with a decent message en only end parms i rhs table insert parms i sep table insert parms i lhs return extractor i end if not valstr match then for sep in ipairs text code ranges words do local start stop valstr find sep 2 true start at 2 to skip any negative sign for range if start then parms i valstr sub stop 1 table insert parms i sep table insert parms i valstr sub 1 start 1 return extractor i end end end end return success result end local i 1 local is change while true do local success info extractor i need to set parms opt nocomma before calling this if not success then return false info end i i 1 if is change then info is change true value is after and so is a change significant for range like convert 5 5 C is change nil end valinfo add info local range item get range strip parms i if not range item then break end i i 1 range add range item if type range item table then For range x if append unit to some values append it to all parms in range x parms in range x or range item in range x parms out range x parms out range x or range item out range x parms abbr range x parms abbr range x or range item abbr range x is change range item is range change end end if range n gt 0 then if range n gt 30 then limit abuse although 4 is a more likely upper limit return false cvt invalid num misleading message but it will do end parms range range elseif had nocomma then return false cvt unknown parm2 end return true valinfo i end local function simple get values parms If input is like convert valid value valid unit return true i in unit in unit table i index in parms of what follows valid unit if anything The valid value is not negative and does not use a fraction and no options requiring further processing of the input are used Otherwise return nothing or return false parm1 for caller to interpret Testing shows this function is successful for 96 of converts in articles and that on average it speeds up converts by 8 local clean to en strip parms 1 or parms if parms opt ri or parms opt spell in or clean gt 10 or not clean match 0 9 then return false clean end local value tonumber clean if not value then return end local info value value altvalue value singular value 1 clean clean show with separator parms clean local in unit strip parms 2 local success in unit table lookup parms in unit no combination if not success then return end in unit table valinfo info return true 3 in unit in unit table end local function wikidata call parms operation Return true s where s is the result of a Wikidata operation or return false t where t is an error message table local function worker wikidata code wikidata code or require wikidata module wikidata data wikidata data or mw loadData wikidata data module return wikidata code operation wikidata data end local success status result pcall worker if success then return status result end if parms opt sortable debug then Use debug yes to crash if an error while accessing Wikidata error Error accessing Wikidata status 0 end return false cvt wd fail end local function get parms parms args If successful update parms and return true unit where parms is a table of all arguments passed to the template converted to named arguments and unit is the input unit table or return false t where t is an error message table For special processing not a convert can also return true wikitext where wikitext is the final result The returned input unit table may be for a fake unit using the specified unit code as the symbol and name and with bad mcode message code table MediaWiki removes leading and trailing whitespace from the values of named arguments However the values of numbered arguments include any whitespace entered in the template and whitespace is used by some parameters example the numbered parameters associated with disp x local kv pairs table of input key value pairs where key is a name needed because cannot iterate parms and add new fields to it for k v in pairs args do if type k number or k test then parameter test is reserved for testing and is not translated parms k v else kv pairs k v end end if parms test wikidata then local ulookup function ucode Use empty table for parms so it does not accumulate results when used repeatedly return lookup ucode no combination end return wikidata call parms listunits ulookup end local success msg translate parms parms kv pairs if not success then return false msg end if parms input then success msg wikidata call parms adjustparameters parms 1 if not success then return false msg end end local success i in unit in unit table simple get values parms if not success then if type i string and i match NNN then Some infoboxes have examples like convert NNN m 3 or more N Output an empty string for these return false cvt no output end local valinfo success valinfo i get values parms if not success then return false valinfo end in unit strip parms i i i 1 success in unit table lookup parms in unit no combination if not success then in unit in unit or if parms opt ignore error then display given unit code with no error for use with val in unit table suppress error message and prevent processing of output unit end in unit table setmetatable symbol in unit name2 in unit utype in unit scale 1 default defkey linkey bad mcode in unit table unit mt end in unit table valinfo valinfo end if parms test msg then Am testing the messages produced when no output unit is specified and the input unit has a missing or invalid default Set two units for testing that LATER Remove this code if in unit chain then in unit table default nil no default elseif in unit rd then in unit table default ft X m an invalid expression end end in unit table inout in this is an input unit if not parms range then local success inext composite unit get composite parms i in unit table if not success then return false inext end if composite unit then in unit table composite unit i inext end end if in unit table builtin mach then As with old template a number following Mach as the input unit is the altitude and there is no way to specify an altitude for the output unit Could put more code in this function to get any output unit and check for an altitude following that unit local success info extract number parms parms i false true if success then i i 1 in unit table altitude info value end end local word strip parms i i i 1 local precision is bad precision local function set precision text local number is integer get number text if number then if is integer then precision number else precision text is bad precision true end return true text was used for precision good or bad end end if word and not set precision word then parms out unit parms out unit or word if set precision strip parms i then i i 1 end end if parms opt adj mid then word parms i i i 1 if word then mid text words if word sub 1 1 then parms mid word else parms mid word end end end if parms opt one preunit then parms parms opt flip and preunit2 or preunit1 preunits 1 parms i i i 1 end if parms disp x then Following is reasonably compatible with the old template local first parms i or local second parms i 1 or i i 2 if strip first then user can enter amp 32 rather than to avoid the default first amp nbsp first second amp nbsp second end parms joins first second elseif parms opt two preunits then local p1 p2 preunits 2 parms i parms i 1 i i 2 if parms preunit1 then To simplify documentation allow unlikely use of adj pre with disp preunit however an output unit must be specified with adj pre and with disp preunit parms preunit1 parms preunit1 p1 parms preunit2 p2 else parms preunit1 parms preunit2 p1 p2 end end if precision nil then if set precision strip parms i then i i 1 end end if is bad precision then add warning parms 1 cvt bad prec precision else parms precision precision end for j i i 3 do local parm parms j warn if find a non empty extraneous parameter if parm and parm match S then add warning parms 1 cvt unknown option parm break end end return true in unit table end local function record default precision parms out current precision If necessary adjust parameters and return a possibly adjusted precision When converting a range of values where a default precision is required that default is calculated for each value because the result sometimes depends on the precise input and output values This function may cause the entire convert process to be repeated in order to ensure that the same default precision is used for each individual convert If that were not done a range like 1000 to 1000 4 may give poor results because the first output could be heavily rounded while the second is not For range 1000 4 to 1000 this function can give the second convert the same default precision that was used for the first if not parms opt round each then local maxdef out current max default precision if maxdef then if maxdef lt precision then parms do convert again true out current max default precision precision else precision out current max default precision end else out current max default precision precision end end return precision end local function default precision parms invalue inclean denominator outvalue in current out current extra Return a default value for precision an integer like 2 0 2 If denominator is not nil it is the value of the denominator in inclean Code follows procedures used in old template local fudge 1e 14 Order of magnitude adds this so we do too local prec minprec adjust local subunit ignore trailing zero local subunit more precision kludge for in used in input like 2 ft 6 in local composite in current composite if composite then subunit ignore trailing zero true input 2 st 10 lb has precision 0 not 1 if composite composite exception subunit more precision then subunit more precision true do not use standard precision with input like 2 ft 6 in end end if denominator and denominator gt 0 then prec math max log10 denominator 1 else Count digits after decimal mark handling cases like 12 345e6 local exponent local integer dot decimals expstr inclean match d d local e expstr sub 1 1 if e e or e E then exponent tonumber expstr sub 2 end if dot then prec subunit ignore trailing zero and 0 or integer match 0 len else prec decimals end if exponent then So 1230 and 1 23e3 both give prec 1 and 0 00123 and 1 23e 3 give 5 prec prec exponent end end if in current istemperature and out current istemperature then Converting between common temperatures C F R K not keVT Kelvin value can be almost zero or small but negative due to precision problems Also an input value like 300 C below absolute zero gives negative kelvins Calculate minimum precision from absolute value adjust 0 local kelvin abs invalue in current offset in current scale if kelvin lt 1e 8 then assume nonzero due to input or calculation precision problem minprec 2 else minprec 2 floor log10 kelvin fudge 3 sigfigs in kelvin end else if invalue 0 or outvalue lt 0 then We are never called with a negative outvalue but it might be zero This is special cased to avoid calculation exceptions return record default precision parms out current 0 end if out current exception integer more precision and floor invalue invalue then With certain output units that sometimes give poor results with default rounding use more precision when the input value is equal to an integer An example of a poor result is when input 50 gives a smaller output than input 49 5 Experiment shows this helps but it does not eliminate all surprises because it is not clear whether 50 should be interpreted as from 45 to 55 or from 49 5 to 50 5 adjust log10 in current scale elseif subunit more precision then Conversion like convert 6 ft 1 in cm where subunit is in has a non standard adjust value to give more output precision adjust log10 out current scale 2 else adjust log10 abs invalue outvalue end adjust adjust log10 2 Ensure that the output has at least two significant figures minprec 1 floor log10 outvalue fudge end if extra then adjust extra adjust or adjust minprec extra minprec or minprec end return record default precision parms out current math max floor prec adjust minprec end local function convert parms invalue info in current out current Convert given input value from one unit to another Return output value a number if a simple convert or return f t where f true t table of information with results or f false t error message table local inscale in current scale local outscale out current scale if not in current iscomplex and not out current iscomplex then return invalue inscale outscale minimize overhead for most common case end if in current invert or out current invert then Inverted units such as inverse length inverse time or fuel efficiency Built in units do not have invert set if in current invert or 1 out current invert or 1 lt 0 then return 1 invalue inscale outscale end return invalue inscale outscale elseif in current offset then Temperature there are no built ins for this type of unit if info is change then return invalue inscale outscale end return invalue in current offset inscale outscale out current offset else Built in unit local in builtin in current builtin local out builtin out current builtin if in builtin and out builtin then if in builtin out builtin then return invalue end There are no cases yet where need to convert from one built in unit to another so this should never occur return false cvt bug convert end if in builtin mach or out builtin mach then local adjust if in builtin mach then inscale speed of sound in current altitude adjust outscale 0 1 else outscale speed of sound out current altitude adjust 0 1 inscale end return true outvalue invalue inscale outscale adjust log10 adjust log10 2 elseif in builtin hand then 1 hand 4 inches 1 2 hands 6 inches Decimals of a hand are only defined for the first digit and the first fractional digit should be a number of inches 1 2 or 3 However this code interprets the entire fractional part as the number of inches 10 so 1 75 inches would be 0 175 hands A value like 12 3 hands is exactly 12 4 3 inches base default precision on that local integer fracpart math modf invalue local inch value 4 integer 10 fracpart equivalent number of inches local factor inscale outscale if factor 4 then Am converting to inches show exact result and use inches not in by default if parms abbr org nil then out current usename true end local show format g abs inch value show and clean are unsigned if not show find e 1 true then return true invalue inch value outvalue inch value clean show show show end end local outvalue integer 2 5 fracpart factor local fracstr info clean match or local fmt if fracstr then fmt 0f else fmt format d fracstr 1 f end return true invalue inch value clean format fmt inch value outvalue outvalue minprec 0 end end return false cvt bug convert should never occur end local function user style parms i Return text for a user specified style for a table cell or if none given i 1 input style or 2 output style local style parms i 1 and stylein or styleout if style then style style gsub if style then if style sub 1 then style style end return style end end return end local function make table or sort parms invalue info in current scaled top Set options to handle output for a table or a sort key or both The text sort key is based on the value resulting from converting the input to a fake base unit with scale 1 and other properties required for a conversion derived from the input unit For other modules return the sort key in a hidden span element and the scaled value used to generate the sort key If scaled top is set it is the scaled value of the numerator of a per unit to be combined with this unit the denominator to make the sort key Scaling only works with units that convert with a factor not temperature local sortkey scaled value if parms opt sortable on then local base a fake unit with enough fields for a valid convert scale 1 invert in current invert and 1 iscomplex in current iscomplex offset in current offset and 0 local outvalue extra convert parms invalue info in current base if extra then outvalue extra outvalue end if in current istemperature then Have converted to kelvin assume numbers close to zero have a rounding error and should be zero if abs outvalue lt 1e 12 then outvalue 0 end end if scaled top and outvalue 0 then outvalue scaled top outvalue end scaled value outvalue if not valid number outvalue then if outvalue lt 0 then sortkey 1000000000000000000 else sortkey 9000000000000000000 end elseif outvalue 0 then sortkey 5000000000000000000 else local mag floor log10 abs outvalue 1e 14 local prefix if outvalue gt 0 then prefix 7000 mag else prefix 2999 mag outvalue outvalue 10 mag 1 end sortkey format d prefix format 015 0f floor outvalue 10 14 mag end end local sortspan if sortkey and not parms table align then sortspan parms opt sortable debug and lt span data sort value sortkey gt lt span style border 1px solid gt sortkey lt span gt lt span gt or lt span data sort value sortkey gt lt span gt parms join before sortspan end if parms table align then local sort if sortkey then sort data sort value sortkey if parms opt sortable debug then parms join before lt span style border 1px solid gt sortkey lt span gt end else sort end local style style text align parms table align local joins for i 1 2 do joins i i 1 and or n style user style parms i sort end parms table joins joins end return sortspan scaled value end local cvt to hand local function cvtround parms info in current out current Return true t where t is a table with the conversion results fields show rounded formatted string with the result of converting value in info using the rounding specified in parms singular true if result after rounding and ignoring any negative sign is 1 or like 1 00 or is a fraction with value lt 1 and more fields shown below and a calculated absvalue field or return false t where t is an error message table Input info clean uses en digits it has been translated if necessary Output show uses en or non en digits as appropriate or can be spelled if out current builtin hand then return cvt to hand parms info in current out current end local invalue in current builtin hand and info altvalue or info value local outvalue extra convert parms invalue info in current out current if parms need table or sort then parms need table or sort nil process using first input value only make table or sort parms invalue info in current end if extra then if not outvalue then return false extra end invalue extra invalue or invalue outvalue extra outvalue end if not valid number outvalue then return false cvt invalid num end local isnegative if outvalue lt 0 then isnegative true outvalue outvalue end local precision show exponent local denominator out current frac if denominator then show fraction table outvalue denominator else precision parms precision if not precision then if parms sigfig then show exponent make sigfig outvalue parms sigfig elseif parms opt round then local n parms opt round if n 0 5 then local integer fracpart math modf floor 2 outvalue 0 5 2 if fracpart 0 then show format 0f integer else show format 1f integer fracpart end else show format 0f floor outvalue n 0 5 n end else local inclean info clean if extra then inclean extra clean or inclean show extra show end if not show then precision default precision parms invalue inclean info denominator outvalue in current out current extra end end end end if precision then if precision gt 0 then local fudge if precision lt 8 then Add a fudge to handle common cases of bad rounding due to inability to precisely represent some values This makes the following work convert 100 1 C K and convert 5555000 um m 2 Old template uses expr round which invokes PHP round LATER Investigate how PHP round works fudge 2e 14 else fudge 0 end local fmt format d precision f local success success show pcall format fmt outvalue fudge if not success then return false cvt big prec tostring precision end else precision precision digits to zero in addition to any digits after dot local shift 10 precision show format 0f outvalue shift if show 0 then exponent show precision end end end local t format number parms show exponent isnegative if type show string then Set singular using match because on some systems 0 99999999999999999 is 1 0 if exponent then t singular exponent 1 and show match 10 else t singular show 1 or show match 1 0 end else t fraction table show t singular outvalue lt 1 cannot have fraction 1 but if it were possible it would be singular end t raw absvalue outvalue absolute value before rounding return true setmetatable t index function self key if key absvalue then Calculate absolute value after rounding if needed local clean exponent rawget self clean rawget self exponent local value tonumber clean absolute value any negative sign has been ignored if exponent then value value 10 exponent end rawset self key value return value end end end function cvt to hand parms info in current out current Convert input to hands inches Return true t where t is a table with the conversion results or return false t where t is an error message table if parms abbr org nil then out current usename true default is to show name not symbol end local precision parms precision local frac out current frac if not frac and precision and precision gt 1 then frac precision 2 and 2 or 4 end local out next out current out next if out next then Use magic knowledge to determine whether the next unit is inches without requiring i18n The following ensures that when the output combination hand in is used the inches value is rounded to match the hands value Also displaying say 61 instead of 61 5 is better as 61 5 implies the value is not 61 4 if out next exception subunit more precision then out next frac frac end end Convert to inches calculate hands from that local dummy unit table scale out current scale 4 frac frac local success outinfo cvtround parms info in current dummy unit table if not success then return false outinfo end local tfrac outinfo fraction table local inches outinfo raw absvalue if tfrac then inches floor inches integer part only fraction added later else inches floor inches 0 5 a hands measurement never shows decimals of an inch end local hands inches divide inches 4 outinfo absvalue hands inches 4 supposed to be the absolute rounded value but this is close enough local inchstr tostring inches 0 1 2 or 3 if precision and precision lt 0 then using negative or 0 for precision rounds to nearest hand hands floor outinfo raw absvalue 4 0 5 inchstr elseif tfrac then Always show an integer before fraction like 15 0 because 15 means 15 and a half hands inchstr numdot format fraction parms out false inchstr tfrac numstr tfrac denstr else inchstr numdot from en inchstr end outinfo show outinfo sign with separator parms format 0f hands inchstr return true outinfo end local function evaluate condition value condition Return true or false from applying a conditional expression to value or throw an error if invalid A very limited set of expressions is supported v lt 9 v 9 lt 9 where v is replaced with value 9 is any number as defined by Lua tonumber only en digits are accepted lt can also be lt or gt or gt In addition the following form is supported LHS and RHS where LHS RHS any of above expressions local function compare value text local arithop factor compop limit text match s v s lt gt if arithop nil then error Invalid default expression 0 elseif arithop then factor tonumber factor if factor nil then error Invalid default expression 0 end value value factor end limit tonumber limit if limit nil then error Invalid default expression 0 end if compop lt then return value lt limit elseif compop lt then return value lt limit elseif compop gt then return value gt limit elseif compop gt then return value gt limit end error Invalid default expression 0 should not occur end local lhs rhs condition match W and W if lhs nil then return compare value condition end return compare value lhs and compare value rhs end local function get default value unit table Return true s where s name of unit s default output unit or return false t where t is an error message table Some units have a default that depends on the input value the first value if a range of values is used If is in the default the first bang delimited field is an expression that uses v to represent the input value Example v lt 120 small big suffix suffix is optional evaluates v lt 120 as a boolean with result smallsuffix if value lt 120 or bigsuffix otherwise Input must use en digits and decimal mark local default data code default exceptions unit table defkey or unit table symbol or unit table default if not default then local per unit table per if per then local function a default v u local success ucode get default v u if not success then return an unlikely error has occurred will cause lookup of default to fail end Attempt to use only the first unit if a combination or output multiple This is not bulletproof but should work for most cases Where it does not work the convert will need to specify the wanted output unit local t all units ucode if t then local combo t combination if combo then For a multiple like ftin the first unit ft is last in the combination local i t multiple and table len combo or 1 ucode combo i end else Try for an automatically generated combination local item ucode match or ucode match S s if all units item then return item end end return ucode end local unit1 unit2 per 1 per 2 local def1 unit1 and a default value unit1 or unit table vprefix or local def2 a default 1 unit2 1 because per unit of denominator return true def1 def2 end return false cvt no default unit table symbol end if default find 1 true nil then return true default end local t split default if t 3 or t 4 then local success result pcall evaluate condition value t 1 if success then default result and t 2 or t 3 if t 4 then default default t 4 end return true default end end return false cvt bad default unit table symbol end local linked pages to record linked pages so will not link to the same page more than once local function unlink unit table Forget that the given unit has previously been linked if it has That is needed when processing a range of inputs or outputs when an id for the first range value may have been evaluated but only an id for the last value is displayed and that id may need to be linked linked pages unit table unitcode or unit table nil end local function make link link id unit table Return wikilink link id possibly abbreviated as in examples Mile mile gt mile Mile miles gt mile s However just id is returned if no link given so caller does not need to check if a link was defined or link has previously been used during the current convert to avoid overlinking local link key if unit table then link key unit table unitcode or unit table else link key link end if not link or link or linked pages link key then return id end linked pages link key true Following only works for language en but it should be safe on other wikis and overhead of doing it generally does not seem worthwhile local l link sub 1 1 lower link sub 2 if link id or l id then return id elseif link s id or l s id then return id sub 1 2 s else return link id end end local function variable name clean unit table For slwiki a unit name depends on the value Parameter clean is the unsigned rounded value in en digits as a string Value Source Example for m integer 1 name1 meter also is the name of the unit integer 2 var 1 metra integer 3 and 4 var 2 metri integer else var 3 metrov 0 and 5 or more real fraction var 4 metra var i means the i th field in unit table varname if it exists and has an i th field otherwise name2 Fields are separated with and are not empty A field for a unit using an SI prefix has the prefix name inserted replacing if found or before the field otherwise local vname if clean 1 then vname unit table name1 elseif unit table varname then local i if clean 2 then i 1 elseif clean 3 or clean 4 then i 2 elseif clean find 1 true then i 4 else i 3 end if i gt 1 and varname pl then i i 1 end vname split unit table varname i end if vname then local si name rawget unit table si name or local pos vname find 1 true if pos then vname vname sub 1 pos 1 si name vname sub pos 1 else vname si name vname end return vname end return unit table name2 end local function linked id parms unit table key id want link clean Return final unit id symbol or name optionally with a wikilink and update unit table sep if required key id is one of symbol sym us name1 name1 us name2 name2 us local abbr on key id symbol or key id sym us if abbr on and want link then local symlink rawget unit table symlink if symlink then return symlink for exceptions that have the linked symbol built in end end local multiplier rawget unit table multiplier local per unit table per if per then local paren1 paren2 possible parentheses around bottom unit local unit1 per 1 top unit table or nil local unit2 per 2 bottom unit table if abbr on then if not unit1 then unit table sep no separator in 2 acre end if not want link then local symbol unit table symbol raw if symbol then return symbol for exceptions that have the symbol built in end end if unit2 symbol find 1 true then paren1 paren2 end end local key id2 unit2 is always singular if key id name2 then key id2 name1 elseif key id name2 us then key id2 name1 us else key id2 key id end local result if abbr on then result elseif omitsep then result per word elseif unit1 then result per word else result per word end if want link and unit table link then if abbr on or not varname then result unit1 and linked id parms unit1 key id false clean or result linked id parms unit2 key id2 false 1 else result unit1 and variable name clean unit1 or result variable name 1 unit2 end if omit separator result then unit table sep end return make link unit table link result unit table end if unit1 then result linked id parms unit1 key id want link clean result if unit1 sep then unit table sep unit1 sep end elseif omitsep then unit table sep end return result paren1 linked id parms unit2 key id2 want link 1 paren2 end if multiplier then A multiplier like 100 in 100km forces the unit to be plural multiplier from en multiplier if not omitsep then multiplier multiplier abbr on and amp nbsp or end if not abbr on then if key id name1 then key id name2 elseif key id name1 us then key id name2 us end end else multiplier end local id unit table fixed name or varname and not abbr on and variable name clean unit table or unit table key id if omit separator id then unit table sep end if want link then local link data code link exceptions unit table linkey or unit table symbol or unit table link if link then local before local i unit table customary if i 1 and parms opt sp us then i 2 show U S not US end if i 3 and abbr on then i 4 abbreviate imperial to imp end local customary text code customary units i if customary then LATER This works for language en only but it s esoteric so ignore for now local pertext if id sub 1 1 then Want unit USgal to display as U S gal not U S gal pertext id id sub 2 elseif id sub 1 4 per then Similarly want per U S gallon not U S per gallon but in practice this is unlikely to be used pertext per id id sub 5 else pertext end Omit any US U S imp imperial from start of id since that will be inserted local removes i lt 3 and US amp nbsp US U S amp nbsp U S or imp amp nbsp imp imperial for prefix in ipairs removes do local plen prefix if id sub 1 plen prefix then id id sub plen 1 break end end before pertext make link customary link customary 1 end id before make link link id unit table end end return multiplier id end local function make id parms which unit table Return id f where id unit name or symbol possibly modified f true if id is a name or false if id is a symbol using the value for index which and for in or out unit table inout Result is if no symbol name is to be used In addition set unit table sep or amp nbsp or the separator that caller will normally insert before the id if parms opt values then unit table sep return end local inout unit table inout local info unit table valinfo which local abbr org parms abbr org local adjectival parms opt adjectival local lk parms lk local want link lk on or lk inout local usename unit table usename local singular info singular local want name if usename then want name true else if abbr org nil then if parms wantname then want name true end if unit table usesymbol then want name false end end if want name nil then local abbr parms abbr if abbr on or abbr inout or abbr mos and inout out then want name false else want name true end end end local key if want name then if lk nil and unit table builtin hand then want link true end if parms opt use nbsp then unit table sep amp nbsp else unit table sep end if parms opt singular then local value if inout in then value info value else value info absvalue end if value then some unusual units do not always set value field value abs value singular 0 lt value and value lt 1 0001 end end if unit table engscale then engscale so 1 e3kg gives 1 thousand kilograms plural singular false end key adjectival or singular and name1 or name2 if parms opt sp us then key key us end else if unit table builtin hand then if parms opt hand hh then unit table symbol hh LATER might want i18n applied to this end end unit table sep amp nbsp key parms opt sp us and sym us or symbol end return linked id parms unit table key want link info clean want name end local function decorate value parms unit table which number word If needed update unit table so values will be shown with extra information For consistency with the old template but different from fmtpower the style to display powers of 10 includes display none to allow some browsers to copy for example 10 as 10 3 rather than as 103 local info local engscale unit table engscale local prefix unit table vprefix if engscale or prefix then info unit table valinfo which if info decorated then return do not redecorate if repeating convert end info decorated true if engscale then local inout unit table inout local abbr parms abbr if abbr on or abbr inout and not parms number word then info show info show lt span style margin left 0 2em gt lt span style margin left 0 1em gt from en 10 lt span gt lt span gt lt s style display none gt lt s gt lt sup gt from en tostring engscale exponent lt sup gt elseif number word then local number id local lk parms lk if lk on or lk inout then number id make link engscale link engscale 1 else number id engscale 1 end WP NUMERAL recommends amp nbsp in values like 12 million info show info show parms opt adjectival and or amp nbsp number id end end if prefix then info show prefix info show end end end local function process input parms in current Processing required once per conversion Return block of text to represent input value unit if parms opt output only or parms opt output number only or parms opt output unit only then parms joins return end local first unit local composite in current composite nil or table of units if composite then first unit composite 1 else first unit in current end local id1 want name make id parms 1 first unit local sep first unit sep separator between value and unit set by make id local preunit parms preunit1 if preunit then sep any separator is included in preunit else preunit end if parms opt input unit only then parms joins if composite then local parts id1 for i unit in ipairs composite do if i gt 1 then table insert parts make id parms 1 unit end end id1 table concat parts end if want name and parms opt adjectival then return preunit hyphenated id1 end return preunit id1 end if parms opt also symbol and not composite and not parms opt flip then local join1 parms joins 1 if join1 or join1 then parms joins first unit parms opt sp us and sym us or symbol join1 parms joins 2 end end if in current builtin mach and first unit sep then means omitsep with non enwiki name local prefix id1 amp nbsp local range parms range local valinfo first unit valinfo local result prefix valinfo 1 show if range then For simplicity and because more not needed handle one range item only local prefix2 make id parms 2 first unit amp nbsp result range text range 1 want name parms result prefix2 valinfo 2 show in end return preunit result end if composite then Simplify assume there is no range and no decoration local mid not parms opt flip and parms mid or local sep1 amp nbsp local sep2 if parms opt adjectival and want name then sep1 sep2 end if omitsep and sep then Testing the id of the most significant unit should be sufficient sep1 sep2 end local parts first unit valinfo 1 show sep1 id1 for i unit in ipairs composite do if i gt 1 then table insert parts unit valinfo 1 show sep1 make id parms 1 unit end end return table concat parts sep2 mid end local add unit parms abbr mos or parms parms opt flip and out range x or in range x or not want name and parms abbr range x local range parms range if range and not add unit then unlink first unit end local id range and make id parms range n 1 first unit or id1 local extra was hyphenated hyphenated maybe parms want name sep id in if was hyphenated then add unit false end local result local valinfo first unit valinfo if range then for i 0 range n do local number word if i range n then add unit false number word true end decorate value parms first unit i 1 number word local show valinfo i 1 show if add unit then show show first unit sep i 0 and id1 or make id parms i 1 first unit end if i 0 then result show else result range text range i want name parms result show in end end else decorate value parms first unit 1 true result valinfo 1 show end return result preunit extra end local function process one output parms out current Processing required for each output unit Return block of text to represent output value unit local inout out current inout normally out but can be in for order out local id1 want name make id parms 1 out current local sep out current sep set by make id local preunit parms preunit2 if preunit then sep any separator is included in preunit else preunit end if parms opt output unit only then if want name and parms opt adjectival then return preunit hyphenated id1 end return preunit id1 end if out current builtin mach and out current sep then means omitsep with non enwiki name local prefix id1 amp nbsp local range parms range local valinfo out current valinfo local result prefix valinfo 1 show if range then For simplicity and because more not needed handle one range item only result range text range 1 want name parms result prefix valinfo 2 show inout end return preunit result end local add unit parms parms opt flip and in range x or out range x or not want name and parms abbr range x and not parms opt output number only local range parms range if range and not add unit then unlink out current end local id range and make id parms range n 1 out current or id1 local extra was hyphenated hyphenated maybe parms want name sep id inout if was hyphenated then add unit false end local result local valinfo out current valinfo if range then for i 0 range n do local number word if i range n then add unit false number word true end decorate value parms out current i 1 number word local show valinfo i 1 show if add unit then show show out current sep i 0 and id1 or make id parms i 1 out current end if i 0 then result show else result range text range i want name parms result show inout end end else decorate value parms out current 1 true result valinfo 1 show end if parms opt output number only then return result end return result preunit extra end local function make output single parms in unit table out unit table Return true item where item wikitext of the conversion result for a single output which is not a combination or a multiple or return false t where t is an error message table if parms opt order out and in unit table unitcode out unit table unitcode then out unit table valinfo in unit table valinfo else out unit table valinfo collection for v in ipairs in unit table valinfo do local success info cvtround parms v in unit table out unit table if not success then return false info end out unit table valinfo add info end end return true process one output parms out unit table end local function make output multiple parms in unit table out unit table Return true item where item wikitext of the conversion result for an output which is a multiple like ftin or return false t where t is an error message table local inout out unit table inout normally out but can be in for order out local multiple out unit table multiple table of scaling factors will not be nil local combos out unit table combination table of unit tables will not be nil local abbr parms abbr local abbr org parms abbr org local disp parms disp local want name abbr org nil and disp or or disp slash or not abbr on or abbr inout or abbr mos local want link parms lk on or parms lk inout local mid parms opt flip and parms mid or local sep1 amp nbsp local sep2 if parms opt adjectival and want name then sep1 sep2 end local do spell parms opt spell out parms opt spell out nil so the call to cvtround does not spell the value local function make result info isfirst local fmt outvalue sign local results for i 1 combos do local tfrac thisvalue strforce local out current combos i out current inout inout local scale multiple i if i 1 then least significant unit in from ftin local decimals out current frac out unit table frac local success outinfo cvtround parms info in unit table out current if not success then return false outinfo end if isfirst then out unit table valinfo outinfo in case output value of first least significant unit is needed end sign outinfo sign tfrac outinfo fraction table if outinfo is scientific then strforce outinfo show decimals elseif tfrac then decimals else local show outinfo show number as a string in local language local p1 p2 show find numdot 1 true decimals p1 and show sub p2 1 or text after numdot if any end fmt ulen decimals f to reproduce precision if decimals then if tfrac then outvalue floor outinfo raw absvalue integer part only fraction added later else outvalue floor outinfo raw absvalue 0 5 keep all integer digits of least significant unit end else outvalue outinfo absvalue end end if scale then outvalue thisvalue divide outvalue scale else thisvalue outvalue end local id if want name then if varname then local clean if strforce or tfrac then clean 1 dummy value to force name for floating point else clean format fmt thisvalue end id variable name clean out current else local key name2 if parms opt adjectival then key name1 elseif tfrac then if thisvalue 0 then key name1 end elseif parms opt singular then if 0 lt thisvalue and thisvalue lt 1 0001 then key name1 end else if thisvalue 1 then key name1 end end id out current key end else id out current symbol end if i 1 and omit separator id then Testing the id of the least significant unit should be sufficient sep1 sep2 end if want link then local link out current link if link then id make link link id out current end end local strval local spell inout i combos or outvalue 0 and inout or trick so the last value processed first displayed has uppercase if requested if strforce and outvalue 0 then sign any sign is in strforce strval strforce show small values in scientific notation will only use least significant unit elseif tfrac then local wholestr thisvalue gt 0 and tostring thisvalue or nil strval format fraction parms spell inout false wholestr tfrac numstr tfrac denstr do spell else strval thisvalue 0 and from en 0 or with separator parms format fmt thisvalue if do spell then strval spell number parms spell inout strval or strval end end table insert results strval sep1 id if outvalue 0 then break end fmt 0f only least significant unit can have a non integral value end local reversed count results for i 1 count do reversed i results count 1 i end return true sign table concat reversed sep2 end local valinfo in unit table valinfo local success result make result valinfo 1 true if not success then return false result end local range parms range if range then for i 1 range n do local success result2 make result valinfo i 1 if not success then return false result2 end result range text range i want name parms result result2 inout end end return true result mid end local function process parms in unit table out unit table Return true s outunit where s final wikitext result or return false t where t is an error message table linked pages local success bad output local bad input mcode in unit table bad mcode nil if input unit is a valid convert unit local out unit parms out unit if out unit nil or out unit or type out unit function then if bad input mcode or parms opt input unit only then bad output else local getdef type out unit function and out unit or get default success out unit getdef in unit table valinfo 1 value in unit table parms out unit out unit if not success then bad output out unit end end end if not bad output and not out unit table then success out unit table lookup parms out unit any combination if success then local mismatch check mismatch in unit table out unit table if mismatch then bad output mismatch end else bad output out unit table end end local lhs rhs local flipped parms opt flip and not bad input mcode if bad output then rhs bad output and or message parms bad output elseif parms opt input unit only then rhs else local combos nil for ft or ftin or table of unit tables for m ft if not out unit table multiple then nil false ft or m ft or table of factors ftin combos out unit table combination end local frac parms frac nil or denominator of fraction for output values if frac then Apply fraction to the unit if only one or to non SI units if a combination except that if a precision is also specified the fraction only applies to the hand unit that allows the following result convert 156 cm in hand 1 frac 2 156 centimetres 61 4 in 15 1 hands However the following is handled elsewhere as a special case convert 156 cm hand in 1 frac 2 156 centimetres 15 1 hands 61 in if combos then local precision parms precision for unit in ipairs combos do if unit builtin hand or not precision and not unit prefixes then unit frac frac end end else out unit table frac frac end end local outputs local imax combos and combos or 1 1 single unit or number of unit tables if imax 1 then parms opt order out nil only useful with an output combination end if not flipped and not parms opt order out then Process left side first so any duplicate links from lk on are suppressed on right Example convert 28 e9pc e9ly abbr off lk on lhs process input parms in unit table end for i 1 imax do local success item local out current combos and combos i or out unit table out current inout out if i 1 then if imax gt 1 and out current builtin hand then out current out next combos 2 built in hand can influence next unit in a combination end if parms opt order out then out current inout in end end if out current multiple then success item make output multiple parms in unit table out current else success item make output single parms in unit table out current end if not success then return false item end outputs i item end if parms opt order out then lhs outputs 1 table remove outputs 1 end local sep parms table joins and parms table joins 2 or parms join between rhs table concat outputs sep end if flipped or not lhs then local input process input parms in unit table if flipped then lhs rhs rhs input else lhs input end end if parms join before then lhs parms join before lhs end local wikitext if bad input mcode then if bad input mcode then wikitext lhs else wikitext lhs message parms bad input mcode end elseif parms table joins then wikitext parms table joins 1 lhs parms table joins 2 rhs else wikitext lhs parms joins 1 rhs parms joins 2 end if parms warnings and not bad input mcode then wikitext wikitext parms warnings end return true wikitext out unit table end local function main convert frame Do convert and if needed do it again with higher default precision local parms frame frame will hold template arguments after translation set config frame args local success result get parms parms frame getParent args if success then if type result table then return tostring result end local in unit table result local out unit table for 1 2 do use counter so cannot get stuck repeating convert success result out unit table process parms in unit table out unit table if success and parms do convert again then parms do convert again false else break end end end If input x gives a problem the result should be just the user input if x is a property like P123 it has been replaced with An unknown input unit would display the input and an error message with success true at this point Also can have success false with a message that outputs an empty string if parms input text then if success and not parms have problem then return result end local cat if parms tracking then Add a tracking category using the given text as the category sort key There is currently only one type of tracking but in principle multiple items could be tracked using different sort keys for convenience cat wanted category tracking parms tracking end return parms input text cat or end return success and result or message parms result end local function unit unitcode options Helper function for Module Val to look up a unit Parameter unitcode must be a string to identify the wanted unit Parameter options must be nil or a table with optional fields value number for sort key default value is 1 scaled top nil for a normal unit or a number for a unit which is the denominator of a per unit for sort key si symbol link a table with two strings to make an SI unit that will be used for the look up link true if result should be linked sort on or debug if result should include a sort key in a span element debug makes the key visible name true for the name of the unit instead of the symbol us true for the US spelling of the unit if any Return nil if unitcode is not a non empty string Otherwise return a table with fields text requested symbol or name of unit optionally linked scaled value input value adjusted by unit scale used for sort key sortspan span element with sort key like that provided by ntsh calculated from the result of converting value to a base unit with scale 1 unknown true if the unitcode was not known unitcode strip unitcode if unitcode nil or unitcode then return nil end set config linked pages options options or local parms abbr options name and off or on lk options link and on or nil opt sp us options us and true or nil opt ignore error true do not add pages using this function to what links here for Module Convert extra opt sortable on options sort on or options sort debug opt sortable debug options sort debug if options si then Make a dummy table of units just one unit for lookup to use This makes lookup recognize any SI prefix in the unitcode local symbol options si 1 or parms unittable symbol name1 symbol name2 symbol symbol symbol utype symbol scale symbol g and 0 001 or 1 prefixes 1 default symbol link options si 2 end local success unit table lookup parms unitcode no combination if not success then unit table setmetatable symbol unitcode name2 unitcode utype unitcode scale 1 default defkey linkey unit mt end local value tonumber options value or 1 local clean tostring abs value local info value value altvalue value singular clean 1 clean clean show clean unit table inout in unit table valinfo info local sortspan scaled value if options sort then sortspan scaled value make table or sort parms value info unit table options scaled top end return text make id parms 1 unit table sortspan sortspan scaled value scaled value unknown not success and true or nil end return convert main convert unit unit