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ภาษากลุ่มเซมิติกตะวันตกเฉียงเหนือ

ภาษากลุ่มเซมิติกตะวันตกเฉียงเหนือ

กลุ่มภาษาเซมิติกตะวันตกเฉียงเหนือ (Northwest Semitic languages) เป็นกลุ่มย่อยของกลุ่มภาษาเซมิติกตะวันตก มีผู้พูดประมาณ 8 ล้านคนในปัจจุบัน แบ่งได้เป็น 3 สาขา คือ ภาษายูการิติก (ตายแล้ว) (รวมภาษาฮีบรู) และภาษาอราเมอิก บางครั้งรวมกลุ่มภาษานี้เข้ากับภาษาอาหรับแล้วจัดเป็นกลุ่มภาษาเซมิติกกลาง

กลุ่มภาษาเซมิติกตะวันตกเฉียงเหนือ
Levantine
ภูมิภาค:พบมากในตะวันออกกลาง
การจําแนก
ทางภาษาศาสตร์:		แอโฟรเอชีแอติก
กลุ่มย่อย:
  • แอราเมอิก
  • ยูการิต †
  • อโมไรต์ †
  • †

    • บรรณานุกรม

    • Blau, J. 1968. "Some Difficulties in the Reconstruction of 'Proto-Hebrew' and 'Proto-Canaanite'," in In Memoriam Paul Kahle. BZAW, 103. pp. 29–43
    • Cross, F. M. 1965. “The Development of the Jewish Scripts,” in The Bible and the Ancient Near East: Essays in Honor of W. F. Albright, ed. G. E. Wright. New York. Reprinted 1965, Anchor Book Edition; New York, pp. 133–202.
    • Cross, F. M. 1967. “The Origin and Early Evolution of the Alphabet,” EI 5: 8*-24*.
    • Cross, F. M. 1982. “Alphabets and pots: Reflections on typological method in the dating of human artifacts,” MAARAV 3: 121-136.
    • Cross, F. M. 1989. “The Invention and Development of the Alphabet,” in The Origins of Writing (ed. W. M. Senner; Lincoln: University of Nebraska), pp. 77–90.
    • Cross, F. M. and Freedman, D. N. 1952. Early Hebrew Orthography: A Study of the Epigraphic Evidence New Haven: American Oriental Society.
    • Daniels, Peter. 1996. The World’s Writing Systems. New York: Oxford.
    • de Moor, Johannes C. 1988. "Narrative Poetry in Canaan," UF 20:149-171.
    • Donner, H. and Rollig, W. 1962-64. Kanaanäische und aramäische Inschriften. 3 volumes. Wiesbaden. (5th ed.)
    • 1976. Semitic Writing: From Pictograph to Alphabet. 3rd edition. London.
    • Garbini, G. 1960. Il Semitico di nord-ovest. (And a critique by E.Y. Kutscher, JSS 10 (1965):21-51.)
    • ; Jacques, Guillaume (2012). "A neglected phonetic law: The assimilation of pretonic yod to a following coronal in North-West Semitic". Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies. 75 (1): 135–145.  10.1.1.395.1033. doi:10.1017/s0041977x11001261.
    • Garr, R. 1985. Dialect Geography of Syria-Palestine, 1000-586 B.C.E. Philadelphia: UPenn.
    • Gelb, I. J. 1961. “The Early History of the West Semitic Peoples,” JCS 15:27-47.
    • Gelb, I. J. 1963. A Study of Writing. 2nd edition. Chicago.
    • Gibson, J. C. L. 1971-87. Textbook of Syrian Semitic Inscriptions. 3 Vols. Oxford: Clarendon.
    • Ginsberg, H. L. 1970. “The Northwest Semitic Languages,” in The World History of the Jewish People, volume 1/2: Patriarches. Tel Aviv.
    • Greenfield, J. C. 1969. “Amurrite, Ugaritic and Canaanite,” in Proceedings of the International Conference of Semitic Studies. Jerusalem. pp. 92–101.
    • Halpern, B. 1987. “Dialect Distribution in Canaan and the Deir Alla Inscriptions,” in “Working with No Data”: Semitic and Egyptian Studies Presented to . Ed. D. M. Golomb. Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns. pp. 119–39.
    • Harris, Z. 1939. Development of the Canaanite Dialects. AOS, 16. New Haven: AOS.
    • Herr, Larry G. 1980. "The Formal Scripts of Iron Age Transjordan," BASOR 238:21-34.
    • and Jongeling, K. 1995. Dictionary of the North-West Semitic inscriptions. 2 volumes. Leiden/New York: Brill. Not including Ugaritic.
    • Huehnergard, J. 1990. "Remarks on the Classification of the Northwest Semitic Languages," in The Balaam Text from Deir Alla Re-evaluated: proceedings of the international symposium held at Leiden, 21–24 August 1989. pp. 282–93.
    • Kaufman, S. A. 1988. “The Classification of North West Semitic Dialects of the Biblical Period and Some Implications Thereof,” in Proceedings of the Ninth World Congress of Jewish Studies (Panel Sessions: Hebrew and Aramaic Languages). Jerusalem: World Union of Jewish Studies. pp. 41–57.
    • Moran, William L. 1961. “The Hebrew Language in its Northwest Semitic Background,” in The Bible and the Ancient Near East: Essays in Honor of W. F. Albright, ed. G. E. Wright. New York. Reprinted 1965, Anchor Book Edition; New York, pp. 59–84.
    • Moran, William L. 1975. “The Syrian Scribe of the Jerusalem Amarna Letters,” in Unity and Diversity: Essays in the History, Literature, and Religion of the Ancient Near East (ed. H. Goedicke and J. J. M. Roberts; Baltimore/London: Johns Hopkins University Press) 146-166.
    • Moscati, Sabatino, ed. 1969. An Introduction to the Comparative Grammar of the Semitic Languages: Phonology and Morphology. Porta Linguarum Orientalium, ns, 6. Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz.
    • Naveh, J. 1987. Early History of the Alphabet: An Introduction to West Semitic Epigraphy and Palaeography. 2nd edition. Jerusalem: Magnes. Especially sections on West Semitic.
    • Parker, Simon B. 1997. Stories in Scripture and Inscriptions: Comparative Studies on Narratives in Northwest Semitic Inscriptions and the Hebrew Bible. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
    • 1971. "Semitic Languages," Encyclopaedia Judaica, volume 14, pp. 1149–57.
    • Rabin, C. 1991. Semitic Languages (Jerusalem: Bialik). [in Hebrew]
    • Rainey, A. F. 1986 “The Ancient Hebrew Prefix Conjugation in the Light of Amarnah Canaanite,” Hebrew Studies 27:1-19.
    • Rainey, A. F. 1990. “The Prefix Conjugation Patterns of Early Northwest Semitic,” pp. 407–420 in Abusch, Tz., Huehnergard, J. and Steinkeller, P., eds. Lingering over Words, Studies in Ancient Near Eastern Literature in Honor of William L. Moran. Atlanta: Scholars.
    • Renz, J. 1995. Handbuch der althebräischen Epigraphik. 3 volumes. Darmstadt.
    • Vaughn, A. 1999 “Palaeographic Dating of Judean Seals and Its Significance for Biblical Research,” BASOR 313:43-64.
    • Suchard, B. 2019 "The Development of the Biblical Hebrew Vowels: Including a Concise Historical Morphology" Brill p.37-50, 232-252

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Scripts in The Bible and the Ancient Near East Essays in Honor of W F Albright ed G E Wright New York Reprinted 1965 Anchor Book Edition New York pp 133 202 Cross F M 1967 The Origin and Early Evolution of the Alphabet EI 5 8 24 Cross F M 1982 Alphabets and pots Reflections on typological method in the dating of human artifacts MAARAV 3 121 136 Cross F M 1989 The Invention and Development of the Alphabet in The Origins of Writing ed W M Senner Lincoln University of Nebraska pp 77 90 Cross F M and Freedman D N 1952 Early Hebrew Orthography A Study of the Epigraphic Evidence New Haven American Oriental Society Daniels Peter 1996 The World s Writing Systems New York Oxford de Moor Johannes C 1988 Narrative Poetry in Canaan UF 20 149 171 Donner H and Rollig W 1962 64 Kanaanaische und aramaische Inschriften 3 volumes Wiesbaden 5th ed 1976 Semitic Writing From Pictograph to Alphabet 3rd edition London Garbini G 1960 Il Semitico di nord ovest And a critique by E Y Kutscher JSS 10 1965 21 51 Jacques Guillaume 2012 A neglected phonetic law The assimilation of pretonic yod to a following coronal in North West Semitic Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 75 1 135 145 10 1 1 395 1033 doi 10 1017 s0041977x11001261 Garr R 1985 Dialect Geography of Syria Palestine 1000 586 B C E Philadelphia UPenn Gelb I J 1961 The Early History of the West Semitic Peoples JCS 15 27 47 Gelb I J 1963 A Study of Writing 2nd edition Chicago Gibson J C L 1971 87 Textbook of Syrian Semitic Inscriptions 3 Vols Oxford Clarendon Ginsberg H L 1970 The Northwest Semitic Languages in The World History of the Jewish People volume 1 2 Patriarches Tel Aviv Greenfield J C 1969 Amurrite Ugaritic and Canaanite in Proceedings of the International Conference of Semitic Studies Jerusalem pp 92 101 Halpern B 1987 Dialect Distribution in Canaan and the Deir Alla Inscriptions in Working with No Data Semitic and Egyptian Studies Presented to Ed D M Golomb Winona Lake IN Eisenbrauns pp 119 39 Harris Z 1939 Development of the Canaanite Dialects AOS 16 New Haven AOS Herr Larry G 1980 The Formal Scripts of Iron Age Transjordan BASOR 238 21 34 and Jongeling K 1995 Dictionary of the North West Semitic inscriptions 2 volumes Leiden New York Brill Not including Ugaritic Huehnergard J 1990 Remarks on the Classification of the Northwest Semitic Languages in The Balaam Text from Deir Alla Re evaluated proceedings of the international symposium held at Leiden 21 24 August 1989 pp 282 93 Kaufman S A 1988 The Classification of North West Semitic Dialects of the Biblical Period and Some Implications Thereof in Proceedings of the Ninth World Congress of Jewish Studies Panel Sessions Hebrew and Aramaic Languages Jerusalem World Union of Jewish Studies pp 41 57 Moran William L 1961 The Hebrew Language in its Northwest Semitic Background in The Bible and the Ancient Near East Essays in Honor of W F Albright ed G E Wright New York Reprinted 1965 Anchor Book Edition New York pp 59 84 Moran William L 1975 The Syrian Scribe of the Jerusalem Amarna Letters in Unity and Diversity Essays in the History Literature and Religion of the Ancient Near East ed H Goedicke and J J M Roberts Baltimore London Johns Hopkins University Press 146 166 Moscati Sabatino ed 1969 An Introduction to the Comparative Grammar of the Semitic Languages Phonology and Morphology Porta Linguarum Orientalium ns 6 Wiesbaden Otto Harrassowitz Naveh J 1987 Early History of the Alphabet An Introduction to West Semitic Epigraphy and Palaeography 2nd edition Jerusalem Magnes Especially sections on West Semitic Parker Simon B 1997 Stories in Scripture and Inscriptions Comparative Studies on Narratives in Northwest Semitic Inscriptions and the Hebrew Bible Oxford Oxford University Press 1971 Semitic Languages Encyclopaedia Judaica volume 14 pp 1149 57 Rabin C 1991 Semitic Languages Jerusalem Bialik in Hebrew Rainey A F 1986 The Ancient Hebrew Prefix Conjugation in the Light of Amarnah Canaanite Hebrew Studies 27 1 19 Rainey A F 1990 The Prefix Conjugation Patterns of Early Northwest Semitic pp 407 420 in Abusch Tz Huehnergard J and Steinkeller P eds Lingering over Words Studies in Ancient Near Eastern Literature in Honor of William L Moran Atlanta Scholars Renz J 1995 Handbuch der althebraischen Epigraphik 3 volumes Darmstadt Vaughn A 1999 Palaeographic Dating of Judean Seals and Its Significance for Biblical Research BASOR 313 43 64 Suchard B 2019 The Development of the Biblical Hebrew Vowels Including a Concise Historical Morphology Brill p 37 50 232 252

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