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จักรวรรดิวิชัยนคร (กันนาดา: ವಿಜಯನಗರ ಸಾಮ್ರಾಜ್ಯ, เตลูกู: విజయనగర సామ్రాజ్యము, อังกฤษ: Vijayanagara Empire) มีอีกชื่อว่า อาณาจักรกรณาฏกะ เป็นจักรวรรดิที่ตั้งอยู่บน (มทุไร นาย) ทางตอนใต้ของประเทศอินเดียปัจจุบัน จักรวรรดิวิชัยนครก่อตั้งขึ้นใน ค.ศ. 1336 โดย และพระอนุชา (Bukka Raya I) และรุ่งเรืองต่อมาจนกระทั่ง ค.ศ. 1646 แม้ว่าอำนาจจะลดถอยลงบ้างเมื่อพ่ายแพ้ต่อ (Deccan sultanates) จักรวรรดิตั้งตามชื่อเมืองหลวงวิชัยนคร ซึ่งยังคงมีร่องรอยเหลือให้เห็นในรัฐกรณาฏกะในประเทศอินเดียปัจจุบัน บันทึกของนักเดินทางชาวยุโรปเป็นแหล่งสำคัญของข้อมูลที่เกี่ยวกับจักรวรรดิ ควบกับหลักฐานที่พบทางโบราณคดีทำให้ทราบถึงอำนาจและความมั่งคั่งของจักรวรรดิวิชัยนคร
จักรวรรดิวิชัยนคร | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1336–1646 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
 จักรวรรดิวิชัยนครในช่วงสูงสุด, 1446, ค.ศ. 1520 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| สถานะ | จักรวรรดิ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| เมืองหลวง | วิชัยนคร, , , Vellore | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ภาษาทั่วไป | ภาษากันนาดา, เตลูกู, สันสกฤต | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ศาสนา | ฮินดู | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| การปกครอง | ราชาธิปไตย | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| กษัตริย์ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
• 1336-1356 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
• 1642-1646 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ประวัติศาสตร์ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
• ก่อตั้ง | 1336 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
• บันทึกแรกสุด | 1343 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
• สิ้นสุด | 1646 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| สกุลเงิน | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ปัจจุบันเป็นส่วนหนึ่งของ | ประเทศอินเดีย | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
อ้างอิง
- Howes, Jennifer (1998). The Courts of Pre-colonial South India: Material Culture and Kingship. Psychology Press. p. 43. ISBN .
- Bridges, Elizabeth J. (2016). "Vijayanagara Empire". ใน Dalziel, N.; MacKenzie, J. M. (บ.ก.). The Encyclopedia of Empire. pp. 1–5. doi:10.1002/9781118455074.wbeoe424. ISBN .
- Stein 1989, p. 1.
บรรณานุกรม
- Asher, Catherine B.; Talbot, Cynthia (2006). "Creation of Pan South Indian Culture". India Before Europe. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN .
- Bang, Peter Fibiger; Kolodziejczyk, Dariusz, บ.ก. (2012). "Ideologies of state building in Vijayanagara India". Universal Empire: A Comparative Approach to Imperial Culture and Representation in Eurasian History. Cambridge University Press. ISBN .
- Chopra, P. N.; Ravindran, T. K.; Subrahmanian, N. (2003). "Medieval Period". History of South India. New Delhi: Rajendra Ravindra Printers. ISBN .
- Dallapiccola, Anna L. (2001). "Relief carvings on the great platform". ใน Fritz, John M.; Michell, George (บ.ก.). New Light on Hampi: Recent Research at Vijayanagara. Mumbai: MARG. ISBN .
- Davison-Jenkins, Dominic J. (2001). "The Greater Metropolitan Region". ใน Fritz, John M.; Michell, George (บ.ก.). New Light on Hampi: Recent Research at Vijayanagara. Mumbai: MARG. ISBN .
- Durga Prasad, J. (1988). (PDF). Guntur: P.G. Publisher. คลังข้อมูลเก่าเก็บจากแหล่งเดิม (PDF)เมื่อ 22 April 2006. สืบค้นเมื่อ 27 January 2007.
- Eaton, Richard M. (2006). A social history of the Deccan, 1300–1761: eight Indian lives. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN .
- Fritz, John M.; Michell, George (2001). "Introduction". New Light on Hampi: Recent Research at Vijayanagara. Mumbai: MARG. ISBN .
- Hampi Travel Guide. New Delhi: Eicher Goodearth supported by Department of Tourism, Government of India. 2003. ISBN . LCCN 2003334582.
- Iyer, Panchapakesa A.S. (2006). Karnataka Sangeeta Sastra. Chennai: Zion Printers.
- Jackson, William (2016). "Reflections on Vidyaranya and the 'Hinduness' of Islamicate Vijayanagara". Vijayanagara Voices: Exploring South Indian History and Hindu Literature. New York: Routledge. ISBN .
- (2001) [1980]. A concise history of Karnataka: from pre-historic times to the present. Bangalore: Jupiter books. LCCN 80905179. OCLC 7796041.
- Karmarkar, A.P. (1947). Cultural history of Karnataka: ancient and medieval. Dharwad: Karnataka Vidyavardhaka Sangha. OCLC 8221605.
- Kulke, Hermann; Rothermund, Dietmar (2004). A History of India (4th ed.). Routledge. ISBN .
- Mack, Alexandra (2001). "The temple district of Vitthalapura". ใน John M. Fritz; George Michell (บ.ก.). New Light on Hampi: Recent Research at Vijayanagara. Mumbai: MARG. ISBN .
- Mack, Alexandra (2002). "Vijayanagara Inscriptions as History and Archeology". Spiritual Journey, Imperial City: Pilgrimage to the temples of Vijayanagara. New Delhi: Vedams. ISBN .
- Nagaraj, D.R. (2003). "Tensions in Kannada Literary Culture". ใน Pollock, Sheldon (บ.ก.). Literary Cultures in History: Reconstructions from South Asia. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California. ISBN .
- Narayan, M.K.V. (2010). Lyrical Musings on Indian Culture:A Sociological Study of the Songs of Sant Purandaradasa. New Delhi: Readworthy. ISBN .
- (1955) [reissued 2002]. A history of South India from prehistoric times to the fall of Vijayanagar. New Delhi: Indian Branch, Oxford University Press. ISBN .
- Philon, Helen (2001). "Plaster decoration on Sultanate-styled courtly buildings". ใน Fritz, John M.; Michell, George (บ.ก.). New Light on Hampi: Recent Research at Vijayanagara. Mumbai: MARG. ISBN .
- (2001) [1897]. Mysore Gazetteer Compiled for Government. Vol. 1. New Delhi, Madras: Asian Educational Services. ISBN .
- Sattar, Mofarahus; Sharma, S.D.; Pokharia, Anil K. (2010). Sharma, D.S. (บ.ก.). Rice: Origin, Antiquity and History. Boca Raton, Florida: Science Publishers, CRC Press. ISBN .
- Savile, Charles (1996). "vol 5, Asia & Oceania". ใน Schellinger, Paul E.; Salkin, Robert M. (บ.ก.). International Dictionary of Historical Places. New York: Routledge. ISBN .
- Sewell, Robert (1901). A Forgotten Empire Vijayanagar: A Contribution to the History of India.
- Shiva Prakash, H.S. (1997). "Kannada". ใน Ayyappapanicker (บ.ก.). Medieval Indian Literature:An Anthology. Sahitya Akademi. ISBN .
- Sinopoli, Carla M.; Morrison, Kathleen D. (2001). "Hydraulic works". ใน Fritz, John M.; Michell, George (บ.ก.). New Light on Hampi: Recent Research at Vijayanagara. Mumbai: MARG. ISBN .
- Sinopoli, Carla M. (2003). The Political Economy of Craft Production Crafting Empire in South India, C.1350–1650. Cambridge University Press. ISBN .
- (1989). The New Cambridge History of India: Vijayanagara. Cambridge University Press. ISBN .
- (2003). The Penguin History of Early India. New Delhi: Penguin Books. ISBN .
- Talbot, Cynthia (2002). Precolonial India in Practice:Society, Region and Identity in Medieval Andhra. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN .
- Vanina, Eugenia (2012). Medieval Indian Landscapes-Space.Time.Society.Man. Delhi: Primus Books. ISBN .
- Verghese, Anila (2001). "Memorial stones". ใน Fritz, John M.; Michell, George (บ.ก.). New Light on Hampi: Recent Research at Vijayanagara. Mumbai: MARG. ISBN .
- Wagoner, Phillip (2001). "Architecture and Royal Authority under the Early Sangamas". ใน John M. Fritz; George Michell (บ.ก.). New Light on Hampi: Recent Research at Vijayanagara. Mumbai: MARG. ISBN .
แหล่งข้อมูลอื่น
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วิกิมีเดียคอมมอนส์มีสื่อเกี่ยวกับ Vijayanagara Empire
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khristthswrrs khriststwrrs sungepnsarasakhykhxngenuxhaxangxingHowes Jennifer 1998 The Courts of Pre colonial South India Material Culture and Kingship Psychology Press p 43 ISBN 978 07 0071 585 5 Bridges Elizabeth J 2016 Vijayanagara Empire in Dalziel N MacKenzie J M b k The Encyclopedia of Empire pp 1 5 doi 10 1002 9781118455074 wbeoe424 ISBN 9781118455074 Stein 1989 p 1 brrnanukrm Asher Catherine B Talbot Cynthia 2006 Creation of Pan South Indian Culture India Before Europe Cambridge Cambridge University Press ISBN 978 0 521 00539 5 Bang Peter Fibiger Kolodziejczyk Dariusz b k 2012 Ideologies of state building in Vijayanagara India Universal Empire A Comparative Approach to Imperial Culture and Representation in Eurasian History Cambridge University Press ISBN 978 1 107 02267 6 Chopra P N Ravindran T K Subrahmanian N 2003 Medieval Period History of South India New Delhi Rajendra Ravindra Printers ISBN 81 219 0153 7 Dallapiccola Anna L 2001 Relief carvings on the great platform in Fritz John M Michell George b k New Light on Hampi Recent Research at Vijayanagara Mumbai MARG ISBN 978 81 85026 53 4 Davison Jenkins Dominic J 2001 The Greater Metropolitan Region in Fritz John M Michell George b k New Light on Hampi Recent Research at Vijayanagara Mumbai MARG ISBN 978 81 85026 53 4 Durga Prasad J 1988 PDF Guntur P G Publisher khlngkhxmulekaekbcakaehlngedim PDF emux 22 April 2006 subkhnemux 27 January 2007 Eaton Richard M 2006 A social history of the Deccan 1300 1761 eight Indian lives Cambridge Cambridge University Press ISBN 978 0 521 71627 7 Fritz John M Michell George 2001 Introduction New Light on Hampi Recent Research at Vijayanagara Mumbai MARG ISBN 978 81 85026 53 4 Hampi Travel Guide New Delhi Eicher Goodearth supported by Department of Tourism Government of India 2003 ISBN 978 81 87780 17 5 LCCN 2003334582 Iyer Panchapakesa A S 2006 Karnataka Sangeeta Sastra Chennai Zion Printers Jackson William 2016 Reflections on Vidyaranya and the Hinduness of Islamicate Vijayanagara Vijayanagara Voices Exploring South Indian History and Hindu Literature New York Routledge ISBN 9780 7546 3950 3 2001 1980 A concise history of Karnataka from pre historic times to the present Bangalore Jupiter books LCCN 80905179 OCLC 7796041 Karmarkar A P 1947 Cultural history of Karnataka ancient and medieval Dharwad Karnataka Vidyavardhaka Sangha OCLC 8221605 Kulke Hermann Rothermund Dietmar 2004 A History of India 4th ed Routledge ISBN 978 0 415 32919 4 Mack Alexandra 2001 The temple district of Vitthalapura in John M Fritz George Michell b k New Light on Hampi Recent Research at Vijayanagara Mumbai MARG ISBN 978 81 85026 53 4 Mack Alexandra 2002 Vijayanagara Inscriptions as History and Archeology Spiritual Journey Imperial City Pilgrimage to the temples of Vijayanagara New Delhi Vedams ISBN 81 7936 004 0 Nagaraj D R 2003 Tensions in Kannada Literary Culture in Pollock Sheldon b k Literary Cultures in History Reconstructions from South Asia Berkeley and Los Angeles University of California ISBN 978 0 520 22821 4 Narayan M K V 2010 Lyrical Musings on Indian Culture A Sociological Study of the Songs of Sant Purandaradasa New Delhi Readworthy ISBN 978 93 80009 31 5 1955 reissued 2002 A history of South India from prehistoric times to the fall of Vijayanagar New Delhi Indian Branch Oxford University Press ISBN 978 0 19 560686 7 Philon Helen 2001 Plaster decoration on Sultanate styled courtly buildings in Fritz John M Michell George b k New Light on Hampi Recent Research at Vijayanagara Mumbai MARG ISBN 978 81 85026 53 4 2001 1897 Mysore Gazetteer Compiled for Government Vol 1 New Delhi Madras Asian Educational Services ISBN 978 81 206 0977 8 Sattar Mofarahus Sharma S D Pokharia Anil K 2010 Sharma D S b k Rice Origin Antiquity and History Boca Raton Florida Science Publishers CRC Press ISBN 978 1 4398 4056 6 Savile Charles 1996 vol 5 Asia amp Oceania in Schellinger Paul E Salkin Robert M b k International Dictionary of Historical Places New York Routledge ISBN 1 884964 04 4 Sewell Robert 1901 A Forgotten Empire Vijayanagar A Contribution to the History of India Shiva Prakash H S 1997 Kannada in Ayyappapanicker b k Medieval Indian Literature An Anthology Sahitya Akademi ISBN 978 81 260 0365 5 Sinopoli Carla M Morrison Kathleen D 2001 Hydraulic works in Fritz John M Michell George b k New Light on Hampi Recent Research at Vijayanagara Mumbai MARG ISBN 978 81 85026 53 4 Sinopoli Carla M 2003 The Political Economy of Craft Production Crafting Empire in South India C 1350 1650 Cambridge University Press ISBN 9781139440745 1989 The New Cambridge History of India Vijayanagara Cambridge University Press ISBN 978 0 521 26693 2 2003 The Penguin History of Early India New Delhi Penguin Books ISBN 978 0 14 302989 2 Talbot Cynthia 2002 Precolonial India in Practice Society Region and Identity in Medieval Andhra New York Oxford University Press ISBN 0 19 513661 6 Vanina Eugenia 2012 Medieval Indian Landscapes Space Time Society Man Delhi Primus Books ISBN 978 93 80607 19 1 Verghese Anila 2001 Memorial stones in Fritz John M Michell George b k New Light on Hampi Recent Research at Vijayanagara Mumbai MARG ISBN 978 81 85026 53 4 Wagoner Phillip 2001 Architecture and Royal Authority under the Early Sangamas in John M Fritz George Michell b k New Light on Hampi Recent Research at Vijayanagara Mumbai MARG ISBN 978 81 85026 53 4 aehlngkhxmulxunwikimiediykhxmmxnsmisuxekiywkb Vijayanagara Empire bthkhwamprawtisastrniyngepnokhrng khunsamarthchwywikiphiediyidodykarephimetimkhxmuldkhk