บทความนี้ต้องการข้อความอธิบายความสำคัญที่กระชับ และ |
การขยายตัวจากความร้อน
×10-6 m · m−1 · K−1 | |
---|---|
3 Li lithium | |
use | 46 |
CRC | 46 |
LNG | 46 |
WEL | 46 |
4 Be beryllium | |
use | 11.3 |
CRC | 11.3 |
LNG | 11.3 |
WEL | 11.3 |
5 B boron | |
use | 5-7 |
LNG | 5-7 |
WEL | 6 |
6 C carbon | |
use | |
WEL | 7.1 |
11 Na sodium | |
use | 71 |
CRC | 71 |
LNG | 71 |
WEL | 71 |
12 Mg magnesium | |
use | 24.8 |
CRC | 24.8 |
LNG | 24.8 |
WEL | 8.2 |
13 Al aluminium | |
use | 23.1 |
CRC | 23.1 |
LNG | 23.1 |
WEL | 23.1 |
14 Si silicon | |
use | 2.6 |
WEL | 2.6 |
19 K potassium | |
use | 83.3 |
CRC | 83.3 |
20 Ca calcium | |
use | 22.3 |
CRC | 22.3 |
LNG | 22.3 |
WEL | 22.3 |
21 Sc scandium | |
use | (room temperature) (alpha, polycrystalline) 10.2 |
CRC | 10.2 |
CR2 | (room temperature) (alpha, amorphous) 7.6 |
CR2 | (room temperature) (alpha, crystalline) 15.3 |
CR2 | (room temperature) (alpha, polycrystalline) 10.2 |
LNG | 10.2 |
WEL | 10.2 |
22 Ti titanium | |
use | 8.6 |
CRC | 8.6 |
LNG | 8.6 |
WEL | 8.6 |
23 V vanadium | |
use | 8.4 |
CRC | 8.4 |
LNG | 8.4 |
WEL | 8.4 |
24 Cr chromium | |
use | 4.9 |
CRC | 4.9 |
LNG | 4.9 |
WEL | 4.9 |
25 Mn manganese | |
use | 21.7 |
CRC | 21.7 |
LNG | 21.7 |
WEL | 21.7 |
26 Fe iron | |
use | 11.8 |
CRC | 11.8 |
LNG | 11.8 |
WEL | 11.8 |
27 Co cobalt | |
use | 13.0 |
CRC | 13.0 |
LNG | 13.0 |
WEL | 13.0 |
28 Ni nickel | |
use | 13.4 |
CRC | 13.4 |
LNG | 13.4 |
WEL | 13.4 |
29 Cu copper | |
use | 16.5 |
CRC | 16.5 |
LNG | 16.5 |
WEL | 16.5 |
30 Zn zinc | |
use | 30.2 |
CRC | 30.2 |
LNG | 30.2 |
WEL | 30.2 |
31 Ga gallium | |
use | |
CRC | 18 |
LNG | 120 |
WEL | 120 |
32 Ge germanium | |
use | 6.0 |
LNG | 6.0 |
WEL | 6 |
34 Se selenium | |
use | (amorphous) 37 |
LNG | (amorphous) 37 |
38 Sr strontium | |
use | 22.5 |
CRC | 22.5 |
LNG | 22.5 |
WEL | 22.5 |
39 Y yttrium | |
use | (room temperature) (alpha, polycrystalline) 10.6 |
CRC | 10.6 |
CR2 | (room temperature) (alpha, amorphous) 6.0 |
CR2 | (room temperature) (alpha, crystalline) 19.7 |
CR2 | (room temperature) (alpha, polycrystalline) 10.6 |
LNG | 10.6 |
WEL | 10.6 |
40 Zr zirconium | |
use | 5.7 |
CRC | 5.7 |
LNG | 5.7 |
WEL | 5.7 |
41 Nb niobium | |
use | 7.3 |
CRC | 7.3 |
LNG | 7.3 |
WEL | 7.3 |
42 Mo molybdenum | |
use | 4.8 |
CRC | 4.8 |
LNG | 4.8 |
WEL | 4.8 |
44 Ru ruthenium | |
use | 6.4 |
CRC | 6.4 |
LNG | 6.4 |
WEL | 6.4 |
45 Rh rhodium | |
use | 8.2 |
CRC | 8.2 |
LNG | 8.2 |
WEL | 8.2 |
46 Pd palladium | |
use | 11.8 |
CRC | 11.8 |
LNG | 11.8 |
WEL | 11.8 |
47 Ag silver | |
use | 18.9 |
CRC | 18.9 |
LNG | 18.9 |
WEL | 18.9 |
48 Cd cadmium | |
use | 30.8 |
CRC | 30.8 |
LNG | 30.8 |
WEL | 30.8 |
49 In indium | |
use | 32.1 |
CRC | 32.1 |
LNG | 32.1 |
WEL | 32.1 |
50 Sn tin | |
use | 22.0 |
CRC | 22.0 |
LNG | 22.0 |
WEL | 22 |
51 Sb antimony | |
use | 11.0 |
CRC | 11.0 |
LNG | 11.0 |
WEL | 11 |
55 Cs caesium | |
use | 97 |
CRC | 97 |
56 Ba barium | |
use | 20.6 |
CRC | 20.6 |
LNG | 20.6 |
WEL | 20.6 |
57 La lanthanum | |
use | (room temperature) (alpha, polycrystalline) 12.1 |
CRC | 12.1 |
CR2 | (room temperature) (alpha, amorphous) 4.5 |
CR2 | (room temperature) (alpha, crystalline) 27.2 |
CR2 | (room temperature) (alpha, polycrystalline) 12.1 |
LNG | 12.1 |
WEL | 12.1 |
58 Ce cerium | |
use | (room temperature) (gamma, polycrystalline) 6.3 |
CRC | 6.3 |
CR2 | (room temperature) (gamma, amorphous) 6.3 |
CR2 | (room temperature) (gamma, polycrystalline) 6.3 |
LNG | 6.3 |
WEL | 6.3 |
59 Pr praseodymium | |
use | (room temperature) (alpha, polycrystalline) 6.7 |
CRC | 6.7 |
CR2 | (room temperature) (alpha, amorphous) 4.5 |
CR2 | (room temperature) (alpha, crystalline) 11.2 |
CR2 | (room temperature) (alpha, polycrystalline) 6.7 |
LNG | 6.7 |
WEL | 6.7 |
60 Nd neodymium | |
use | (room temperature) (alpha, polycrystalline) 9.6 |
CRC | 9.6 |
CR2 | (room temperature) (alpha, amorphous) 7.6 |
CR2 | (room temperature) (alpha, crystalline) 13.5 |
CR2 | (room temperature) (alpha, polycrystalline) 9.6 |
LNG | 9.6 |
WEL | 9.6 |
61 Pm promethium | |
use | (room temperature) (alpha, polycrystalline) est. 11 |
CRC | est. 11 |
CR2 | (room temperature) (alpha, amorphous) est. 9 |
CR2 | (room temperature) (alpha, crystalline) est. 16 |
CR2 | (room temperature) (alpha, polycrystalline) est. 11 |
LNG | est. 11 |
WEL | 11 |
62 Sm samarium | |
use | (room temperature) (alpha, polycrystalline) 12.7 |
CRC | 12.7 |
CR2 | (room temperature) (alpha, amorphous) 9.6 |
CR2 | (room temperature) (alpha, crystalline) 19.0 |
CR2 | (room temperature) (alpha, polycrystalline) 12.7 |
LNG | 12.7 |
WEL | 12.7 |
63 Eu europium | |
use | (room temperature) (polycrystalline) 35.0 |
CRC | 35.0 |
CR2 | (room temperature) (amorphous) 35.0 |
CR2 | (room temperature) (polycrystalline) 35.0 |
LNG | 35.0 |
WEL | 35 |
64 Gd gadolinium | |
use | (100 °C) (alpha, polycrystalline) 9.4 |
CRC | (100 °C) 9.4 |
CR2 | (100 °C) (alpha, amorphous) 9.1 |
CR2 | (100 °C) (alpha, crystalline) 10.0 |
CR2 | (100 °C) (alpha, polycrystalline) 9.4 |
LNG | (100 °C) 9.4 |
WEL | 9.4 |
65 Tb terbium | |
use | (room temperature) (alpha, polycrystalline) 10.3 |
CRC | 10.3 |
CR2 | (room temperature) (alpha, amorphous) 9.3 |
CR2 | (room temperature) (alpha, crystalline) 12.4 |
CR2 | (room temperature) (alpha, polycrystalline) 10.3 |
LNG | 10.3 |
WEL | 10.3 |
66 Dy dysprosium | |
use | (room temperature) (alpha, polycrystalline) 9.9 |
CRC | 9.9 |
CR2 | (room temperature) (alpha, amorphous) 7.1 |
CR2 | (room temperature) (alpha, crystalline) 15.6 |
CR2 | (room temperature) (alpha, polycrystalline) 9.9 |
LNG | 9.9 |
WEL | 9.9 |
67 Ho holmium | |
use | (room temperature) (polycrystalline) 11.2 |
CRC | 11.2 |
CR2 | (room temperature) (amorphous) 7.0 |
CR2 | (room temperature) (crystalline) 19.5 |
CR2 | (room temperature) (polycrystalline) 11.2 |
LNG | 11.2 |
WEL | 11.2 |
68 Er erbium | |
use | (room temperature) (polycrystalline) 12.2 |
CRC | 12.2 |
CR2 | (room temperature) (amorphous) 7.9 |
CR2 | (room temperature) (crystalline) 20.9 |
CR2 | (room temperature) (polycrystalline) 12.2 |
LNG | 12.2 |
WEL | 12.2 |
69 Tm thulium | |
use | (room temperature) (polycrystalline) 13.3 |
CRC | 13.3 |
CR2 | (room temperature) (amorphous) 8.8 |
CR2 | (room temperature) (crystalline) 22.2 |
CR2 | (room temperature) (polycrystalline) 13.3 |
LNG | 13.3 |
WEL | 13.3 |
70 Yb ytterbium | |
use | (room temperature) (beta, polycrystalline) 26.3 |
CRC | 26.3 |
CR2 | (room temperature) (beta, amorphous) 26.3 |
CR2 | (room temperature) (beta, polycrystalline) 26.3 |
LNG | 26.3 |
WEL | 26.3 |
71 Lu lutetium | |
use | (room temperature) (polycrystalline) 9.9 |
CRC | 9.9 |
CR2 | (room temperature) (amorphous) 4.8 |
CR2 | (room temperature) (crystalline) 20.0 |
CR2 | (room temperature) (polycrystalline) 9.9 |
LNG | 9.9 |
WEL | 9.9 |
72 Hf hafnium | |
use | 5.9 |
CRC | 5.9 |
LNG | 5.9 |
WEL | 5.9 |
73 Ta tantalum | |
use | 6.3 |
CRC | 6.3 |
LNG | 6.3 |
WEL | 6.3 |
74 W tungsten | |
use | 4.5 |
CRC | 4.5 |
LNG | 4.5 |
WEL | 4.5 |
75 Re rhenium | |
use | 6.2 |
CRC | 6.2 |
LNG | 6.2 |
WEL | 6.2 |
76 Os osmium | |
use | 5.1 |
CRC | 5.1 |
LNG | 5.1 |
WEL | 5.1 |
77 Ir iridium | |
use | 6.4 |
CRC | 6.4 |
LNG | 6.4 |
WEL | 6.4 |
78 Pt platinum | |
use | 8.8 |
CRC | 8.8 |
LNG | 8.8 |
WEL | 8.8 |
79 Au gold | |
use | 14.2 |
CRC | 14.2 |
LNG | 14.2 |
WEL | 14.2 |
80 Hg mercury | |
use | 60.4 |
CRC | 60.4 |
81 Tl thallium | |
use | 29.9 |
CRC | 29.9 |
LNG | 29.9 |
WEL | 29.9 |
82 Pb lead | |
use | 28.9 |
CRC | 28.9 |
LNG | 28.9 |
WEL | 28.9 |
83 Bi bismuth | |
use | 13.4 |
CRC | 13.4 |
LNG | 13.4 |
WEL | 13.4 |
84 Po polonium | |
use | 23.5 |
CRC | 23.5 |
90 Th thorium | |
use | 11.0 |
CRC | 11.0 |
LNG | 11.1 |
WEL | 11.0 |
92 U uranium | |
use | 13.9 |
CRC | 13.9 |
LNG | 13.9 |
WEL | 13.9 |
94 Pu plutonium | |
use | 46.7 |
CRC | 46.7 |
LNG | 46.7 |
Notes
- All values refer to 25 °C unless noted.
อ้างอิง
- CRC
As quoted from this source in an online version of: David R. Lide (ed), CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 84th Edition. CRC Press. Boca Raton, Florida, 2003; Section 12, Properties of Solids; Thermal and Physical Properties of Pure Metals
- Touloukian, Y. S., Thermophysical Properties of Matter, Vol. 12, Thermal Expansion, IFI/Plenum, New York, 1975.
- CR2
As quoted in an online version of:
- David R. Lide (ed), CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 84th Edition. CRC Press. Boca Raton, Florida, 2003; Section 4, Properties of the Elements and Inorganic Compounds; Physical Properties of the Rare Earth Metals
which further refers to:
- Beaudry, B. J. and Gschneidner, K.A., Jr., in Handbook on the Physics and Chemistry of Rare Earths, Vol. 1, Gschneidner, K.A., Jr. and Eyring, L., Eds., North-Holland Physics, Amsterdam, 1978, 173.
- McEwen, K.A., in Handbook on the Physics and Chemistry of Rare Earths, Vol. 1, Gschneidner, K.A., Jr. and Eyring, L., Eds., North-Holland Physics, Amsterdam, 1978, 411.
- LNG
As quoted from this source in an online version of: J.A. Dean (ed), Lange's Handbook of Chemistry (15th Edition), McGraw-Hill, 1999; Section 4; Table 4.1, Electronic Configuration and Properties of the Elements
- Touloukian, Y. S., Thermophysical Properties of Matter, Vol. 12, Thermal Expansion, Plenum, New York, 1975.
- WEL
As quoted at http://www.webelements.com/ from these sources:
- D.R. Lide, (Ed.) in Chemical Rubber Company handbook of chemistry and physics, CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, USA, 79th edition, 1998.
- A.M. James and M.P. Lord in Macmillan's Chemical and Physical Data, Macmillan, London, UK, 1992.
- G.W.C. Kaye and T.H. Laby in Tables of physical and chemical constants, Longman, London, UK, 15th edition, 1993.
- J.A. Dean (ed) in Lange's Handbook of Chemistry, McGraw-Hill, New York, USA, 14th edition, 1992.
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bthkhwamnitxngkarkhxkhwamxthibaykhwamsakhythikrachb aelasrupenuxhaiwyxhnaaerkkhxngbthkhwamkarkhyaytwcakkhwamrxn 10 6 m m 1 K 13 Li lithiumuse 46CRC 46LNG 46WEL 464 Be berylliumuse 11 3CRC 11 3LNG 11 3WEL 11 35 B boronuse 5 7LNG 5 7WEL 66 C carbonuseWEL 7 111 Na sodiumuse 71CRC 71LNG 71WEL 7112 Mg magnesiumuse 24 8CRC 24 8LNG 24 8WEL 8 213 Al aluminiumuse 23 1CRC 23 1LNG 23 1WEL 23 114 Si siliconuse 2 6WEL 2 619 K potassiumuse 83 3CRC 83 320 Ca calciumuse 22 3CRC 22 3LNG 22 3WEL 22 321 Sc scandiumuse room temperature alpha polycrystalline 10 2CRC 10 2CR2 room temperature alpha amorphous 7 6CR2 room temperature alpha crystalline 15 3CR2 room temperature alpha polycrystalline 10 2LNG 10 2WEL 10 222 Ti titaniumuse 8 6CRC 8 6LNG 8 6WEL 8 623 V vanadiumuse 8 4CRC 8 4LNG 8 4WEL 8 424 Cr chromiumuse 4 9CRC 4 9LNG 4 9WEL 4 925 Mn manganeseuse 21 7CRC 21 7LNG 21 7WEL 21 726 Fe ironuse 11 8CRC 11 8LNG 11 8WEL 11 827 Co cobaltuse 13 0CRC 13 0LNG 13 0WEL 13 028 Ni nickeluse 13 4CRC 13 4LNG 13 4WEL 13 429 Cu copperuse 16 5CRC 16 5LNG 16 5WEL 16 530 Zn zincuse 30 2CRC 30 2LNG 30 2WEL 30 231 Ga galliumuseCRC 18LNG 120WEL 12032 Ge germaniumuse 6 0LNG 6 0WEL 634 Se seleniumuse amorphous 37LNG amorphous 3738 Sr strontiumuse 22 5CRC 22 5LNG 22 5WEL 22 539 Y yttriumuse room temperature alpha polycrystalline 10 6CRC 10 6CR2 room temperature alpha amorphous 6 0CR2 room temperature alpha crystalline 19 7CR2 room temperature alpha polycrystalline 10 6LNG 10 6WEL 10 640 Zr zirconiumuse 5 7CRC 5 7LNG 5 7WEL 5 741 Nb niobiumuse 7 3CRC 7 3LNG 7 3WEL 7 342 Mo molybdenumuse 4 8CRC 4 8LNG 4 8WEL 4 844 Ru rutheniumuse 6 4CRC 6 4LNG 6 4WEL 6 445 Rh rhodiumuse 8 2CRC 8 2LNG 8 2WEL 8 246 Pd palladiumuse 11 8CRC 11 8LNG 11 8WEL 11 847 Ag silveruse 18 9CRC 18 9LNG 18 9WEL 18 948 Cd cadmiumuse 30 8CRC 30 8LNG 30 8WEL 30 849 In indiumuse 32 1CRC 32 1LNG 32 1WEL 32 150 Sn tinuse 22 0CRC 22 0LNG 22 0WEL 2251 Sb antimonyuse 11 0CRC 11 0LNG 11 0WEL 1155 Cs caesiumuse 97CRC 9756 Ba bariumuse 20 6CRC 20 6LNG 20 6WEL 20 657 La lanthanumuse room temperature alpha polycrystalline 12 1CRC 12 1CR2 room temperature alpha amorphous 4 5CR2 room temperature alpha crystalline 27 2CR2 room temperature alpha polycrystalline 12 1LNG 12 1WEL 12 158 Ce ceriumuse room temperature gamma polycrystalline 6 3CRC 6 3CR2 room temperature gamma amorphous 6 3CR2 room temperature gamma polycrystalline 6 3LNG 6 3WEL 6 359 Pr praseodymiumuse room temperature alpha polycrystalline 6 7CRC 6 7CR2 room temperature alpha amorphous 4 5CR2 room temperature alpha crystalline 11 2CR2 room temperature alpha polycrystalline 6 7LNG 6 7WEL 6 760 Nd neodymiumuse room temperature alpha polycrystalline 9 6CRC 9 6CR2 room temperature alpha amorphous 7 6CR2 room temperature alpha crystalline 13 5CR2 room temperature alpha polycrystalline 9 6LNG 9 6WEL 9 661 Pm promethiumuse room temperature alpha polycrystalline est 11CRC est 11CR2 room temperature alpha amorphous est 9CR2 room temperature alpha crystalline est 16CR2 room temperature alpha polycrystalline est 11LNG est 11WEL 1162 Sm samariumuse room temperature alpha polycrystalline 12 7CRC 12 7CR2 room temperature alpha amorphous 9 6CR2 room temperature alpha crystalline 19 0CR2 room temperature alpha polycrystalline 12 7LNG 12 7WEL 12 763 Eu europiumuse room temperature polycrystalline 35 0CRC 35 0CR2 room temperature amorphous 35 0CR2 room temperature polycrystalline 35 0LNG 35 0WEL 3564 Gd gadoliniumuse 100 C alpha polycrystalline 9 4CRC 100 C 9 4CR2 100 C alpha amorphous 9 1CR2 100 C alpha crystalline 10 0CR2 100 C alpha polycrystalline 9 4LNG 100 C 9 4WEL 9 465 Tb terbiumuse room temperature alpha polycrystalline 10 3CRC 10 3CR2 room temperature alpha amorphous 9 3CR2 room temperature alpha crystalline 12 4CR2 room temperature alpha polycrystalline 10 3LNG 10 3WEL 10 366 Dy dysprosiumuse room temperature alpha polycrystalline 9 9CRC 9 9CR2 room temperature alpha amorphous 7 1CR2 room temperature alpha crystalline 15 6CR2 room temperature alpha polycrystalline 9 9LNG 9 9WEL 9 967 Ho holmiumuse room temperature polycrystalline 11 2CRC 11 2CR2 room temperature amorphous 7 0CR2 room temperature crystalline 19 5CR2 room temperature polycrystalline 11 2LNG 11 2WEL 11 268 Er erbiumuse room temperature polycrystalline 12 2CRC 12 2CR2 room temperature amorphous 7 9CR2 room temperature crystalline 20 9CR2 room temperature polycrystalline 12 2LNG 12 2WEL 12 269 Tm thuliumuse room temperature polycrystalline 13 3CRC 13 3CR2 room temperature amorphous 8 8CR2 room temperature crystalline 22 2CR2 room temperature polycrystalline 13 3LNG 13 3WEL 13 370 Yb ytterbiumuse room temperature beta polycrystalline 26 3CRC 26 3CR2 room temperature beta amorphous 26 3CR2 room temperature beta polycrystalline 26 3LNG 26 3WEL 26 371 Lu lutetiumuse room temperature polycrystalline 9 9CRC 9 9CR2 room temperature amorphous 4 8CR2 room temperature crystalline 20 0CR2 room temperature polycrystalline 9 9LNG 9 9WEL 9 972 Hf hafniumuse 5 9CRC 5 9LNG 5 9WEL 5 973 Ta tantalumuse 6 3CRC 6 3LNG 6 3WEL 6 374 W tungstenuse 4 5CRC 4 5LNG 4 5WEL 4 575 Re rheniumuse 6 2CRC 6 2LNG 6 2WEL 6 276 Os osmiumuse 5 1CRC 5 1LNG 5 1WEL 5 177 Ir iridiumuse 6 4CRC 6 4LNG 6 4WEL 6 478 Pt platinumuse 8 8CRC 8 8LNG 8 8WEL 8 879 Au golduse 14 2CRC 14 2LNG 14 2WEL 14 280 Hg mercuryuse 60 4CRC 60 481 Tl thalliumuse 29 9CRC 29 9LNG 29 9WEL 29 982 Pb leaduse 28 9CRC 28 9LNG 28 9WEL 28 983 Bi bismuthuse 13 4CRC 13 4LNG 13 4WEL 13 484 Po poloniumuse 23 5CRC 23 590 Th thoriumuse 11 0CRC 11 0LNG 11 1WEL 11 092 U uraniumuse 13 9CRC 13 9LNG 13 9WEL 13 994 Pu plutoniumuse 46 7CRC 46 7LNG 46 7NotesAll values refer to 25 C unless noted xangxingCRC As quoted from this source in an online version of David R Lide ed CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 84th Edition CRC Press Boca Raton Florida 2003 Section 12 Properties of Solids Thermal and Physical Properties of Pure Metals Touloukian Y S Thermophysical Properties of Matter Vol 12 Thermal Expansion IFI Plenum New York 1975 CR2 As quoted in an online version of David R Lide ed CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 84th Edition CRC Press Boca Raton Florida 2003 Section 4 Properties of the Elements and Inorganic Compounds Physical Properties of the Rare Earth Metals which further refers to Beaudry B J and Gschneidner K A Jr in Handbook on the Physics and Chemistry of Rare Earths Vol 1 Gschneidner K A Jr and Eyring L Eds North Holland Physics Amsterdam 1978 173 McEwen K A in Handbook on the Physics and Chemistry of Rare Earths Vol 1 Gschneidner K A Jr and Eyring L Eds North Holland Physics Amsterdam 1978 411 LNG As quoted from this source in an online version of J A Dean ed Lange s Handbook of Chemistry 15th Edition McGraw Hill 1999 Section 4 Table 4 1 Electronic Configuration and Properties of the Elements Touloukian Y S Thermophysical Properties of Matter Vol 12 Thermal Expansion Plenum New York 1975 WEL As quoted at http www webelements com from these sources D R Lide Ed in Chemical Rubber Company handbook of chemistry and physics CRC Press Boca Raton Florida USA 79th edition 1998 A M James and M P Lord in Macmillan s Chemical and Physical Data Macmillan London UK 1992 G W C Kaye and T H Laby in Tables of physical and chemical constants Longman London UK 15th edition 1993 J A Dean ed in Lange s Handbook of Chemistry McGraw Hill New York USA 14th edition 1992 bthkhwamekhminiyngepnokhrng khunsamarthchwywikiphiediyidodykarephimetimkhxmuldkhk