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ชากาซูลู หรือสมเด็จพระราชาธิบดีชากา กาเซนซังกาโกนา (ป. เดือนกรกฎาคม 1787 – 22 กันยายน 1828; บางครั้งสะกดว่าชาก้า) ทรงเป็นพระมหากษัตริย์แห่งอาณาจักรซูลู ซึ่งในปัจจุบันคือ แอฟริกาใต้ เขาเป็นคนสร้างให้ซูลูเป็นชาติที่ยิ่งใหญ่เกรียงไกร เป็นที่เกรงกลัวของชาติตะวันตกมาก มีชื่อเสียงทางด้านการเดินทางไกลด้วยการวิ่งเร็ว 50 ไมล์ และเข้าโจมตีด้วยรูปขบวนที่น่ากลัว
| สมเด็จพระราชาธิบดีชากา กาเซนซังกาโกนา | |
|---|---|
 | |
| ครองราชย์ | 1816 – 1828 |
| ประสูติ | ป. เดือนกรกฎาคม 1787 (today near , , แอฟริกาใต้) |
| สวรรคต | 22 กันยายน 1828 (41 พรรษา) , |
| พระราชบิดา | |
| พระราชมารดา | |
| สาเหตุเสียชีวิต | |
| สุสาน | , แอฟริกาใต้ 29°20′24″S 31°17′40″E / 29.34000°S 31.29444°E |
อ้างอิง
หมายเหตุ
Citations
- Morris 1994, p. 107.
แหล่งที่มา
- Bishop, Dennis (n.d.). "The Rise and Fall of Shaka" (PDF). Old Soldiers. 6 (2): 61.
- Bryant, Alfred T. (1929). Olden Times in Zululand and Natal: Containing Earlier Political History of the Eastern-Ngu̇ni Clans. Cape Town: Longmans, Green and Company.
- Charters (1839). "Notices of the Cape And Southern Africa, Since The Appointment, As Governor, Of Major-Gen. Sir Geo. Napier". The United Service Journal and Naval Military Magazine. Part III. London: Henry Colburn.
- (1988). "The Mfecane as Alibi: Thoughts on Dithakong and Mbolompo". . 29 (3): 487–519. doi:10.1017/S0021853700030590.
- (1951). Jeqe, the Bodyservant of King Tshaka: (Insila Ka Tshaka). Lovedale Press.
- Edgerton, Robert B. (1988). Like Lions They Fought: The Zulu War and the Last Black Empire in South Africa. Free Press. ISBN .
- Etherington, Norman (2014). "Were There Large States in the Coastal Regions of Southeast Africa Before the Rise of the Zulu Kingdom?". History in Africa. 31: 157–183. doi:10.1017/S0361541300003442. ISSN 0361-5413.
- (1986). The Diary of Henry Francis Fynn. Shuter and Shooter. ISBN .
- Guttman, Jon (June 2008). "??". Military History. 24 (4): 23.
- Hamilton, Carolyn (1998). Terrific Majesty: The Powers of Shaka Zulu and the Limits of Historical Invention. D. Philip. ISBN .
- Hanson, Victor (18 December 2007). Carnage and Culture: Landmark Battles in the Rise to Western Power. Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group. ISBN .
- Johanneson, B.; Fernandez, M.; Roberts, B.; Jacobs, M.; Seleti, Y. (2011). Focus History: Learner's book. Grade 10. Cape Town: Maskew Miller Longman. ISBN .
- Knight, Ian; McBride, Angus (1989). The Zulus. Bloomsbury USA. ISBN .
- Laband, John (1997). The Rise and Fall of the Zulu Nation. Arms & Armour. ISBN .
- Leśniewski, Michał (2011). "Myth (De)Constructed: Some Reflections Provoked by Dan Wylie's Book Myth of Iron: Shaka in History". Werkwinkel. 6 (2): 55–69. :10593/13652.
- Mahoney, Michael R. (2003). "Racial formation and ethnogenesis from below: The Zulu Case, 1879-1906". International Journal of African Historical Studies. 36 (3): 559–583. doi:10.2307/3559434. JSTOR 3559434 – โดยทาง Humanities International Complete.
- Mofolo, Thomas (1981). Chaka. Heinemann. ISBN .
- Morris, Donald R. (1994) [1965]. The Washing of the Spears: A History of the Rise of the Zulu Nation Under Shaka and Its Fall in the Zulu War of 1879 (New ed.). London: Pimlico. ISBN . OCLC 59939927. 7794339M.
- Omer-Cooper, John D. (1966). The Zulu aftermath: a nineteenth-century revolution in Bantu Africa. Northwestern University Press.
- Omer-Cooper, J. D. (1966). The Zulu aftermath: a nineteenth-century revolution in Bantu Africa. London: Longmans. ISBN . OCLC 2361338.
- Ritter, E. A (1955). Shaka Zulu: The Rise of the Zulu Empire. London: Longmans Green. OCLC 666024. 6173522M.
- Rubinstein, W. D. (2004). Genocide: A History. Pearson Longman. ISBN .
- Rubinstein, William D. (2014). Genocide. Taylor & Francis. ISBN .
- Samkange, Stanlake (1973). Origins of Rhodesia. Heinemann. ISBN .
- Vandervort, Bruce (2015). Wars of Imperial Conquest. Routledge. ISBN .
- Walter, Eugene Victor (1969). Terror and resistance: a study of political violence, with case studies of some primitive African communities. Oxford University Press.
- Wylie, Dan (1995). "'Proprietor of Natal:' Henry Francis Fynn and the Mythography of Shaka". History in Africa. 22: 409–437. doi:10.2307/3171924. ISSN 0361-5413. JSTOR 3171924.
- Wylie, Dan (2006). Myth of Iron: Shaka in History (Illustrated ed.). University of KwaZulu-Natal Press. ISBN . OCLC 65188289. 8648993M.
Further reading
- Bourquin, S. (January 1979). "The Zulu Military Organization and the Challenge of 1879". Military History Journal. South African Military History Society. 4 (4). สืบค้นเมื่อ 2018-08-14.
- Carroll, Rory (22 May 2006). "Shaka Zulu's brutality was exaggerated, says new book". The Guardian. สืบค้นเมื่อ 2016-07-01.
- Chanaiwa, David Shingirai (1980). "The Zulu Revolution: State Formation in a Pastoralist Society". African Studies Review. 23 (3): 1–20. doi:10.2307/523668. ISSN 0002-0206. JSTOR 523668.
- Deflem, Mathieu (1999). "Warfare, Political Leadership, and State Formation: The Case of the Zulu Kingdom, 1808-1879". Ethnology. 38 (4): 371–391. doi:10.2307/3773913. JSTOR 3773913. PMID 20503540.
- Knight, Ian (1995). Anatomy of the Zulu Army.
- Mostert, Noel (1992). Frontiers.
แหล่งข้อมูลอื่น
- ที่ เวย์แบ็กแมชชีน (เก็บถาวร 30 กันยายน 2007)
- The History of Shaka
- ที่ เวย์แบ็กแมชชีน (เก็บถาวร 10 สิงหาคม 2007)
- ที่ เวย์แบ็กแมชชีน (เก็บถาวร 14 ธันวาคม 2007)
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chakasulu hruxsmedcphrarachathibdichaka kaesnsngkaokna p eduxnkrkdakhm 1787 22 knyayn 1828 bangkhrngsakdwachaka thrngepnphramhakstriyaehngxanackrsulu sunginpccubnkhux aexfrikait ekhaepnkhnsrangihsuluepnchatithiyingihyekriyngikr epnthiekrngklwkhxngchatitawntkmak michuxesiyngthangdankaredinthangikldwykarwingerw 50 iml aelaekhaocmtidwyrupkhbwnthinaklwsmedcphrarachathibdichaka kaesnsngkaoknakhrxngrachy1816 1828prasutip eduxnkrkdakhm 1787 today near aexfrikait swrrkht22 knyayn 1828 41 phrrsa phrarachbidaphrarachmardasaehtuesiychiwitsusan aexfrikait 29 20 24 S 31 17 40 E 29 34000 S 31 29444 E 29 34000 31 29444xangxinghmayehtu Citations Morris 1994 p 107 aehlngthima Bishop Dennis n d The Rise and Fall of Shaka PDF Old Soldiers 6 2 61 Bryant Alfred T 1929 Olden Times in Zululand and Natal Containing Earlier Political History of the Eastern Ngu ni Clans Cape Town Longmans Green and Company Charters 1839 Notices of the Cape And Southern Africa Since The Appointment As Governor Of Major Gen Sir Geo Napier The United Service Journal and Naval Military Magazine Part III London Henry Colburn 1988 The Mfecane as Alibi Thoughts on Dithakong and Mbolompo 29 3 487 519 doi 10 1017 S0021853700030590 1951 Jeqe the Bodyservant of King Tshaka Insila Ka Tshaka Lovedale Press Edgerton Robert B 1988 Like Lions They Fought The Zulu War and the Last Black Empire in South Africa Free Press ISBN 978 0 02 908910 1 Etherington Norman 2014 Were There Large States in the Coastal Regions of Southeast Africa Before the Rise of the Zulu Kingdom History in Africa 31 157 183 doi 10 1017 S0361541300003442 ISSN 0361 5413 1986 The Diary of Henry Francis Fynn Shuter and Shooter ISBN 978 0 86985 904 9 Guttman Jon June 2008 Military History 24 4 23 Hamilton Carolyn 1998 Terrific Majesty The Powers of Shaka Zulu and the Limits of Historical Invention D Philip ISBN 978 0 86486 421 5 Hanson Victor 18 December 2007 Carnage and Culture Landmark Battles in the Rise to Western Power Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group ISBN 978 0 307 42518 8 Johanneson B Fernandez M Roberts B Jacobs M Seleti Y 2011 Focus History Learner s book Grade 10 Cape Town Maskew Miller Longman ISBN 978 0 636 11449 4 Knight Ian McBride Angus 1989 The Zulus Bloomsbury USA ISBN 978 0 85045 864 0 Laband John 1997 The Rise and Fall of the Zulu Nation Arms amp Armour ISBN 978 1854094216 Lesniewski Michal 2011 Myth De Constructed Some Reflections Provoked by Dan Wylie s Book Myth of Iron Shaka in History Werkwinkel 6 2 55 69 10593 13652 Mahoney Michael R 2003 Racial formation and ethnogenesis from below The Zulu Case 1879 1906 International Journal of African Historical Studies 36 3 559 583 doi 10 2307 3559434 JSTOR 3559434 odythang Humanities International Complete Mofolo Thomas 1981 Chaka Heinemann ISBN 978 0 435 90229 2 Morris Donald R 1994 1965 The Washing of the Spears A History of the Rise of the Zulu Nation Under Shaka and Its Fall in the Zulu War of 1879 New ed London Pimlico ISBN 978 0 7126 6105 8 OCLC 59939927 7794339M Omer Cooper John D 1966 The Zulu aftermath a nineteenth century revolution in Bantu Africa Northwestern University Press Omer Cooper J D 1966 The Zulu aftermath a nineteenth century revolution in Bantu Africa London Longmans ISBN 058264531X OCLC 2361338 Ritter E A 1955 Shaka Zulu The Rise of the Zulu Empire London Longmans Green OCLC 666024 6173522M Rubinstein W D 2004 Genocide A History Pearson Longman ISBN 978 0 582 50601 5 Rubinstein William D 2014 Genocide Taylor amp Francis ISBN 978 1 317 86995 5 Samkange Stanlake 1973 Origins of Rhodesia Heinemann ISBN 978 0 435 32791 0 Vandervort Bruce 2015 Wars of Imperial Conquest Routledge ISBN 978 1 134 22374 9 Walter Eugene Victor 1969 Terror and resistance a study of political violence with case studies of some primitive African communities Oxford University Press Wylie Dan 1995 Proprietor of Natal Henry Francis Fynn and the Mythography of Shaka History in Africa 22 409 437 doi 10 2307 3171924 ISSN 0361 5413 JSTOR 3171924 Wylie Dan 2006 Myth of Iron Shaka in History Illustrated ed University of KwaZulu Natal Press ISBN 9781869140472 OCLC 65188289 8648993M Further reading Bourquin S January 1979 The Zulu Military Organization and the Challenge of 1879 Military History Journal South African Military History Society 4 4 subkhnemux 2018 08 14 Carroll Rory 22 May 2006 Shaka Zulu s brutality was exaggerated says new book The Guardian subkhnemux 2016 07 01 Chanaiwa David Shingirai 1980 The Zulu Revolution State Formation in a Pastoralist Society African Studies Review 23 3 1 20 doi 10 2307 523668 ISSN 0002 0206 JSTOR 523668 Deflem Mathieu 1999 Warfare Political Leadership and State Formation The Case of the Zulu Kingdom 1808 1879 Ethnology 38 4 371 391 doi 10 2307 3773913 JSTOR 3773913 PMID 20503540 Knight Ian 1995 Anatomy of the Zulu Army Mostert Noel 1992 Frontiers aehlngkhxmulxunwikikhakhmmikhakhmekiywkb chakasulu thi ewyaebkaemchchin ekbthawr 30 knyayn 2007 The History of Shaka thi ewyaebkaemchchin ekbthawr 10 singhakhm 2007 thi ewyaebkaemchchin ekbthawr 14 thnwakhm 2007