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แม่น้ำสรัสวดี หรือ สรัสวตีนที เป็นหนึ่งใน และในเอกสารยุคพระเวท และหลังพระเวท เป็นแม่น้ำสำคัญสายหนึ่งที่มีบทบาทอย่างมากในศาสนาพระเวท
1 = แม่น้ำโบราณ
2 = แม่น้ำในปัจจุบัน
3 = ทะเลทรายธาร์ในปัจจุบัน
4 = ชายฝั่งในอดีต
5 = ชายฝั่งในปัจจุบัน
6 = เมืองในปัจจุบัน
7 = สายฮารัปปา Hakkra ที่แห้งขอด และคลองก่อนฮารัปปาสตลุช(Clift et al. (2012))
แรกเริ่มแล้วพระแม่สรัสวตีทรงเป็นรูปบุคลาธิษฐานของแม่น้ำนี้ แต่ต่อมาก็ได้วิวัฒนาการขึ้นมาเป็นเทวีที่มีเอกลักษณ์ของพระองค์แยกจากแม่น้ำ ชาวฮินดูบางส่วนเชื่อว่าแม่น้ำสรัสวตีปรากฏอยู่ในรูป และบรรจบกับแม่น้ำอีกสองสาย คือ แม่น้ำคงคา และ แม่น้ำยมุนา ตรงจุดที่เรียกว่า
นับตั้งแต่ศตวรรษที่ 19 นักวิชาการเชื่อกันว่าแม่น้ำสรัสวตีในพระเวทคือระบบ ซึ่งไหลผ่านทางตะวันตกเฉียงเหนือของประเทศอินเดีย และปากีสถานตะวันออก ระหว่างแม่น้ำยมุนาและแม่น้ำสุตเลช หลักฐานจากภาพถ่ายดาวเทียมระบุว่าในอดีตมีแม่น้ำสายใหญ่ที่เคยไหลผ่านตรงแม่น้ำฆัคครในปัจจุบัน
ดูเพิ่ม
หมายเหตุ
- ดู Clift et al. (2012) map and Honde te al. (2017) map.
อ้างอิง
- Kinsley 1998, p. 11, 13.
- Kinsley 1998, p. 10, 55-57.
- อ้างอิงผิดพลาด: ป้ายระบุ
<ref>ไม่ถูกต้อง ไม่มีการกำหนดข้อความสำหรับอ้างอิงชื่อEB-Sarasvati - Kalyanaraman, S., บ.ก. (2008), Vedic River Sarasvati and Hindu Civilization, Aryan Books International, PP.308, ISBN
บรรณานุกรม
- สิ่งตีพิมพ์
- Anthony, David W. (2007), The Horse The Wheel And Language. How Bronze-Age Riders From the Eurasian Steppes Shaped The Modern World, Princeton University Press
- (16 March 2009), Empires of the Silk Road: A History of Central Eurasia from the Bronze Age to the Present, , ISBN , สืบค้นเมื่อ 30 December 2014
- (2001), , Oxford University Press, ISBN
- Chatterjee, Anirban; Ray, Jyotiranjan S.; Shukla, Anil D.; Pande, Kanchan (20 November 2019). "On the existence of a perennial river in the Harappan heartland". Scientific Reports (ภาษาอังกฤษ). 9 (1): 17221. Bibcode:2019NatSR...917221C. doi:10.1038/s41598-019-53489-4. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 6868222. PMID 31748611.
- Clift, Peter D.; Carter, Andrew; Giosan, Liviu; Durcan, Julie; และคณะ (2012), "U-Pb zircon dating evidence for a Pleistocene Sarasvati River and capture of the Yamuna River", Geology, 40 (3): 211–214, Bibcode:2012Geo....40..211C, doi:10.1130/g32840.1, S2CID 130765891
- Danino, Michel (2010), The Lost River - On the trail of the Sarasvati, Penguin Books India
- Darian, Steven G. (2001), "5.Ganga and Sarasvati: The Transformation of Myth", The Ganges in Myth and History, Motilal Banarsidass Publ., ISBN
- Dave, Aditi Krishna; Courty, Marie-Agnes; Fitzsimmons, Kathryn E.; Singhvia, Ashok Kumar (2019), "Revisiting the contemporaneity of a mighty river and the Harappans: Archaeological, stratigraphic and chronometric constraints", Quaternary Geochronology, 49: 230–235, doi:10.1016/j.quageo.2018.05.002
- Demkina, T.S. (2017), "Paleoecological crisis in the steppes of the Lower Volga region in the Middle of the Bronze Age (III–II centuries BC)", Eurasian Soil Science, 50 (7): 791–804, Bibcode:2017EurSS..50..791D, doi:10.1134/S1064229317070018, S2CID 133638705
- Eck, Diana L. (2012), India: A Sacred Geography, Clarkson Potter/Ten Speed/Harmony, ISBN
- Etter, Anne-Julie (2020), "Creating Suitable Evidence of the Past? Archaeology, Politics, and Hindu Nationalism in India from the End of the Twentieth Century to the Present", South Asia Multidisciplinary Academic Journal (24/25), doi:10.4000/samaj.6926
- Flood, Gavin D. (1996), An Introduction to Hinduism, Cambridge University Press
- Giosan; และคณะ (2012), "Fluvial landscapes of the Harappan civilization", PNAS, 109 (26): E1688–E1694, Bibcode:2012PNAS..109E1688G, doi:10.1073/pnas.1112743109, PMC 3387054, PMID 22645375
- Giosan, Liviu; Clift, Peter D.; Macklin, Mark G.; Fuller, Dorian Q. (10 October 2013), "Sarasvati II", Current Science, 105 (7): 888–890, JSTOR 24098502
{{}}: CS1 maint: date and year () - Gupta, S.P., บ.ก. (1995), The lost Saraswati and the Indus Civilization, Jodhpur: Kusumanjali Prakashan
- (1999). Pande, G. C.; Chattophadhyaya, D.P. (บ.ก.). The dawn of Indian civilization. History of Science, Philosophy and Culture in Indian Civilization. Vol. I. New Delhi: Centre for Studies in Civilizations.
- Hock, Hans (1999) Through a Glass Darkly: Modern "Racial" Interpretations vs. Textual and General Prehistoric Evidence on Arya and Dasa/Dasyu in Vedic Indo-Aryan Society." in Aryan and Non-Aryan in South Asia, ed. Bronkhorst & Deshpande, Ann Arbor.
- Jain, Sharad K.; Agarwal, Pushpendra K.; Singh, Vijay P. (2007), Hydrology and Water Resources of India, Springer Science & Business Media, Bibcode:2007hwri.book.....J, ISBN
- Keith and Macdonell. 1912. Vedic Index of Names and Subjects.
- Kenoyer, J. M. (1997). "Early city-states in south Asia: Comparing the Harappan phase and the Early Historic period". ใน Nichols, D.L.; Charlton, T.H. (บ.ก.). The Archaeology of City States: Cross-cultural approaches. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution. pp. 52–70. ISBN .
- Khonde, Nitesh; Kumar Singh, Sunil; Maur, D. M.; Rai, Vinai K.; Chamyal, L. S.; Giosan, Liviu (2017), "Tracing the Vedic Saraswati River in the Great Rann of Kachchh", Scientific Reports, 7 (1): 5476, Bibcode:2017NatSR...7.5476K, doi:10.1038/s41598-017-05745-8, PMC 5511136, PMID 28710495
- Kinsley, David (1998), Hindu Goddesses: Visions of the Divine Feminine in the Hindu Religious Tradition, Motilal Banarsidass Publ., ISBN
- Kochhar, Rajesh, 'On the identity and chronology of the Ṛgvedic river Sarasvatī' in Archaeology and Language III; Artefacts, languages and texts, Routledge (1999), ISBN .
- Kochhar, Rajesh (2012), "On the identity and chronology of the Ṛgvedic river Sarasvatī", Archaeology and Language III; Artefacts, languages and texts, Routledge
- Lal, B.B. (2002), The Saraswati Flows on: the Continuity of Indian Culture, New Delhi: Aryan Books International
- Ludvík, Catherine (2007), Sarasvatī, Riverine Goddess of Knowledge: From the Manuscript-carrying Vīṇā-player to the Weapon-wielding Defender of the Dharma, BRILL, ISBN
- Maemoku, Hideaki; Shitaoka, Yorinao; Nagatomo, Tsuneto; Yagi, Hiroshi (2013), "Geomorphological Constraints on the Ghaggar River Regime During the Mature Harappan Period", ใน Giosan, Liviu; Fuller, Dorian Q.; Nicoll, Kathleen; Flad, Rowan K.; Clift, Peter D. (บ.ก.), Climates, Landscapes, and Civilizations, American Geophysical Union Monograph Series 198, John Wiley & Sons, ISBN
- McIntosh, Jane (2008), The Ancient Indus Valley: New Perspectives, ABC-CLIO
- Michaels, Axel (2004), Hinduism. Past and present, Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press
- Mitra, D. S.; Bhadu, Balram (10 March 2012). "Possible contribution of River Saraswati in groundwater aquifer system in western Rajasthan, India". Current Science. 102 (5).
- Mukherjee, Ashoke (2001), "RIGVEDIC SARASVATI: MYTH AND REALITY" (PDF), Breakthrough, Breakthrough Science Society, 9 (1)
- Oldham, R.D. 1893. The Sarsawati and the Lost River of the Indian Desert. Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society. 1893. 49-76.
- Pal, Yash (1984). "Remote Sensing of the "Lost" Sarasvati River.". ใน Lal, B. B. (บ.ก.). Frontiers of the Indus Civilization.
- (December 1997). "The transformation of the Indus Civilization". Journal of World Prehistory. 11 (4): 425–472. doi:10.1007/bf02220556. JSTOR 25801118. S2CID 161129625.
- Possehl, Gregory L. (2002). The Indus Civilization: A Contemporary Perspective. Rowman Altamira. ISBN .
- Prasad, R.U.S. (2017). River and Goddess Worship in India: Changing Perceptions and Manifestations of Sarasvati. Routledge. doi:10.4324/9781315209401. ISBN .
- Puri, V. M. K.; Verma, B.C. (1998). . Itihas Darpan. IV (2): 7–36. คลังข้อมูลเก่าเก็บจากแหล่งเดิมเมื่อ 14 September 2006.
- Radhakrishna, B.P. and Merh, S.S. (editors): Vedic Saraswati: Evolutionary History of a Lost River of Northwestern India (1999) Geological Society of India (Memoir 42), Bangalore. Review (on page 3) Review[]
- Sankaran, A. V. (25 October 1999), , Current Science, 77 (8): 1054–1060, JSTOR 24103577, คลังข้อมูลเก่าเก็บจากแหล่งเดิมเมื่อ 19 September 2004
- Schuldenrein, Joseph; Wright, Rita P.; Mughal, M. Rafique; Khan, M. Afzal (2004), "Landscapes, soils, and mound histories of the Upper Indus Valley, Pakistan: New insights on the Holocene environments near ancient Harappa", Journal of Archaeological Science, 31 (6): 777–797, doi:10.1016/j.jas.2003.10.015
- Shaffer, Jim G. (1995), "Cultural tradition and Palaeoethnicity in South Asian Archaeology", ใน George Erdosy (บ.ก.), Indo-Aryans of Ancient South Asia, ISBN
- Sindhav, Hetalben Dhanabhai (2016), "The Indus Valley Civilisation (Harappan Civilisation)", International Journal of Social Impact, 1 (2)
- Singh, Ajit (2017), "Counter-intuitive influence of Himalayan river morphodynamics on Indus Civilisation urban settlements", Nature Communications, 8 (1): 1617, Bibcode:2017NatCo...8.1617S, doi:10.1038/s41467-017-01643-9, PMC 5705636, PMID 29184098
- Sinha, Rajiv; Singh, Ajit; Tandon, Sampat (25 July 2020), "Fluvial archives of north and northwestern India as recorders of climatic signatures in the late Quaternary: review and assessment", Current Science, 119 (2)
- S. G. Talageri, The RigVeda - A Historical Analysis chapter 4 2018-01-15 ที่ เวย์แบ็กแมชชีน
- Valdiya, K. S. (2002), Saraswati: The River That Disappeared, Universities Press (India), Hyderabad, ISBN
- Valdiya, K.S. (2013), "The River Saraswati was a Himalayan-born river" (PDF), Current Science, 104 (1): 42
- Valdiya, K.S. (2017). "Prehistoric River Saraswati, Western India". Society of Earth Scientists Series. Cham: Springer International Publishing. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-44224-2. ISBN . ISSN 2194-9204. S2CID 132865905.
- Wilke, Annette; Moebus, Oliver (2011), Sound and Communication: An Aesthetic Cultural History of Sanskrit Hinduism, Walter de Gruyter, ISBN
- Witzel, Michael (1984), Sur le chemin du ciel (PDF)
- Witzel, Michael (2001), "Autochthonous Aryans? The Evidence from Old Indian and Iranian Texts" (PDF), Electronic Journal of Vedic Studies, 7 (3): 1–93
- Witzel, Michael (2005), "Indocentrism", ใน Bryant, Edwin; Patton, Laurie L. (บ.ก.), TheE Indo-Aryan Controversy. Evidence and inference in Indian history, Routledge
- Witzel, Michael (2012), The Origins of the World's Mythologies, Oxford University Press
- ข้อมูลเว็บ
อ่านเพิ่ม
- Chakrabarti, D. K., & Saini, S. (2009). The problem of the Sarasvati River and notes on the archaeological geography of Haryana and Indian Panjab. New Delhi: Aryan Books International.
- An archaeological tour along the Ghaggar-Hakra River by Aurel Stein
แหล่งข้อมูลอื่น
- Is River Ghaggar, Saraswati? by Tripathi, Bock, Rajamani, Eir
- Saraswati – the ancient river lost in the desert by A. V. Sankaran
- Sarasvati research and Education Trust
- C.P. Rajendran (2019), Saraswati: The River That Never Was, Flowing Always in the People's Hearts, The Wire
- Map "પ્રદેશ નદીનો તટપ્રદેશ (બેઝીન) સરસ્વતી (Regional River Basin: Saraswati Basin)". Narmada, Water Resources, Water Supply and Kalpsar Department.
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aemnasrswdi hrux srswtinthi epnhnungin aelainexksaryukhphraewth aelahlngphraewth epnaemnasakhysayhnungthimibthbathxyangmakinsasnaphraewthesnthangaemnakhkhkhr hkrainsmyvkhewththungpccubn odymikhlxddngedimkhxng kuru aela kxn harppa Hakkra stluch ymuna tamkhxesnxkhxng Clift et al 2012 aela Khonde et al 2017 duphaphdawethiym thini 1 aemnaobran 2 aemnainpccubn 3 thaelthraytharinpccubn 4 chayfnginxdit 5 chayfnginpccubn 6 emuxnginpccubn 7 sayharppa Hakkra thiaehngkhxd aelakhlxngkxnharppastluch Clift et al 2012 aerkerimaelwphraaemsrswtithrngepnrupbukhlathisthankhxngaemnani aettxmakidwiwthnakarkhunmaepnethwithimiexklksnkhxngphraxngkhaeykcakaemna chawhindubangswnechuxwaaemnasrswtipraktxyuinrup aelabrrcbkbaemnaxiksxngsay khux aemnakhngkha aela aemnaymuna trngcudthieriykwa nbtngaetstwrrsthi 19 nkwichakarechuxknwaaemnasrswtiinphraewthkhuxrabb sungihlphanthangtawntkechiyngehnuxkhxngpraethsxinediy aelapakisthantawnxxk rahwangaemnaymunaaelaaemnasutelch hlkthancakphaphthaydawethiymrabuwainxditmiaemnasayihythiekhyihlphantrngaemnakhkhkhrinpccubnduephimphrasurswdi sinthuhmayehtudu Clift et al 2012 map and Honde te al 2017 map xangxingKinsley 1998 p 11 13 Kinsley 1998 p 10 55 57 xangxingphidphlad payrabu lt ref gt imthuktxng immikarkahndkhxkhwamsahrbxangxingchux EB Sarasvati Kalyanaraman S b k 2008 Vedic River Sarasvati and Hindu Civilization Aryan Books International PP 308 ISBN 978 81 7305 365 8 brrnanukrm singtiphimphAnthony David W 2007 The Horse The Wheel And Language How Bronze Age Riders From the Eurasian Steppes Shaped The Modern World Princeton University Press 16 March 2009 Empires of the Silk Road A History of Central Eurasia from the Bronze Age to the Present ISBN 978 1400829941 subkhnemux 30 December 2014 2001 Oxford University Press ISBN 978 0 19 513777 4 Chatterjee Anirban Ray Jyotiranjan S Shukla Anil D Pande Kanchan 20 November 2019 On the existence of a perennial river in the Harappan heartland Scientific Reports phasaxngkvs 9 1 17221 Bibcode 2019NatSR 917221C doi 10 1038 s41598 019 53489 4 ISSN 2045 2322 PMC 6868222 PMID 31748611 Clift Peter D Carter Andrew Giosan Liviu Durcan Julie aelakhna 2012 U Pb zircon dating evidence for a Pleistocene Sarasvati River and capture of the Yamuna River Geology 40 3 211 214 Bibcode 2012Geo 40 211C doi 10 1130 g32840 1 S2CID 130765891 Danino Michel 2010 The Lost River On the trail of the Sarasvati Penguin Books India Darian Steven G 2001 5 Ganga and Sarasvati The Transformation of Myth The Ganges in Myth and History Motilal Banarsidass Publ ISBN 978 81 208 1757 9 Dave Aditi Krishna Courty Marie Agnes Fitzsimmons Kathryn E Singhvia Ashok Kumar 2019 Revisiting the contemporaneity of a mighty river and the Harappans Archaeological stratigraphic and chronometric constraints Quaternary Geochronology 49 230 235 doi 10 1016 j quageo 2018 05 002 Demkina T S 2017 Paleoecological crisis in the steppes of the Lower Volga region in the Middle of the Bronze Age III II centuries BC Eurasian Soil Science 50 7 791 804 Bibcode 2017EurSS 50 791D doi 10 1134 S1064229317070018 S2CID 133638705 Eck Diana L 2012 India A Sacred Geography Clarkson Potter Ten Speed Harmony ISBN 978 0 385 53191 7 Etter Anne Julie 2020 Creating Suitable Evidence of the Past Archaeology Politics and Hindu Nationalism in India from the End of the Twentieth Century to the Present South Asia Multidisciplinary Academic Journal 24 25 doi 10 4000 samaj 6926 Flood Gavin D 1996 An Introduction to Hinduism Cambridge University Press Giosan aelakhna 2012 Fluvial landscapes of the Harappan civilization PNAS 109 26 E1688 E1694 Bibcode 2012PNAS 109E1688G doi 10 1073 pnas 1112743109 PMC 3387054 PMID 22645375 Giosan Liviu Clift Peter D Macklin Mark G Fuller Dorian Q 10 October 2013 Sarasvati II Current Science 105 7 888 890 JSTOR 24098502 a href wiki E0 B9 81 E0 B8 A1 E0 B9 88 E0 B9 81 E0 B8 9A E0 B8 9A Citation title aemaebb Citation citation a CS1 maint date and year lingk Gupta S P b k 1995 The lost Saraswati and the Indus Civilization Jodhpur Kusumanjali Prakashan 1999 Pande G C Chattophadhyaya D P b k The dawn of Indian civilization History of Science Philosophy and Culture in Indian Civilization Vol I New Delhi Centre for Studies in Civilizations Hock Hans 1999 Through a Glass Darkly Modern Racial Interpretations vs Textual and General Prehistoric Evidence on Arya and Dasa Dasyu in Vedic Indo Aryan Society in Aryan and Non Aryan in South Asia ed Bronkhorst amp Deshpande Ann Arbor Jain Sharad K Agarwal Pushpendra K Singh Vijay P 2007 Hydrology and Water Resources of India Springer Science amp Business Media Bibcode 2007hwri book J ISBN 9781402051807 Keith and Macdonell 1912 Vedic Index of Names and Subjects Kenoyer J M 1997 Early city states in south Asia Comparing the Harappan phase and the Early Historic period in Nichols D L Charlton T H b k The Archaeology of City States Cross cultural approaches Washington DC Smithsonian Institution pp 52 70 ISBN 978 1560987222 Khonde Nitesh Kumar Singh Sunil Maur D M Rai Vinai K Chamyal L S Giosan Liviu 2017 Tracing the Vedic Saraswati River in the Great Rann of Kachchh Scientific Reports 7 1 5476 Bibcode 2017NatSR 7 5476K doi 10 1038 s41598 017 05745 8 PMC 5511136 PMID 28710495 Kinsley David 1998 Hindu Goddesses Visions of the Divine Feminine in the Hindu Religious Tradition Motilal Banarsidass Publ ISBN 978 81 208 0394 7 Kochhar Rajesh On the identity and chronology of the Ṛgved ic river Sarasvati in Archaeology and Language III Artefacts languages and texts Routledge 1999 ISBN 0 415 10054 2 Kochhar Rajesh 2012 On the identity and chronology of the Ṛgved ic river Sarasvati Archaeology and Language III Artefacts languages and texts Routledge Lal B B 2002 The Saraswati Flows on the Continuity of Indian Culture New Delhi Aryan Books International Ludvik Catherine 2007 Sarasvati Riverine Goddess of Knowledge From the Manuscript carrying Viṇa player to the Weapon wielding Defender of the Dharma BRILL ISBN 978 90 04 15814 6 Maemoku Hideaki Shitaoka Yorinao Nagatomo Tsuneto Yagi Hiroshi 2013 Geomorphological Constraints on the Ghaggar River Regime During the Mature Harappan Period in Giosan Liviu Fuller Dorian Q Nicoll Kathleen Flad Rowan K Clift Peter D b k Climates Landscapes and Civilizations American Geophysical Union Monograph Series 198 John Wiley amp Sons ISBN 978 1 118 70443 1 McIntosh Jane 2008 The Ancient Indus Valley New Perspectives ABC CLIO Michaels Axel 2004 Hinduism Past and present Princeton New Jersey Princeton University Press Mitra D S Bhadu Balram 10 March 2012 Possible contribution of River Saraswati in groundwater aquifer system in western Rajasthan India Current Science 102 5 Mukherjee Ashoke 2001 RIGVEDIC SARASVATI MYTH AND REALITY PDF Breakthrough Breakthrough Science Society 9 1 Oldham R D 1893 The Sarsawati and the Lost River of the Indian Desert Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society 1893 49 76 Pal Yash 1984 Remote Sensing of the Lost Sarasvati River in Lal B B b k Frontiers of the Indus Civilization December 1997 The transformation of the Indus Civilization Journal of World Prehistory 11 4 425 472 doi 10 1007 bf02220556 JSTOR 25801118 S2CID 161129625 Possehl Gregory L 2002 The Indus Civilization A Contemporary Perspective Rowman Altamira ISBN 978 0 7591 0172 2 Prasad R U S 2017 River and Goddess Worship in India Changing Perceptions and Manifestations of Sarasvati Routledge doi 10 4324 9781315209401 ISBN 9781315209401 Puri V M K Verma B C 1998 Itihas Darpan IV 2 7 36 khlngkhxmulekaekbcakaehlngedimemux 14 September 2006 Radhakrishna B P and Merh S S editors Vedic Saraswati Evolutionary History of a Lost River of Northwestern India 1999 Geological Society of India Memoir 42 Bangalore Review on page 3 Review lingkesiy Sankaran A V 25 October 1999 Current Science 77 8 1054 1060 JSTOR 24103577 khlngkhxmulekaekbcakaehlngedimemux 19 September 2004 Schuldenrein Joseph Wright Rita P Mughal M Rafique Khan M Afzal 2004 Landscapes soils and mound histories of the Upper Indus Valley Pakistan New insights on the Holocene environments near ancient Harappa Journal of Archaeological Science 31 6 777 797 doi 10 1016 j jas 2003 10 015 Shaffer Jim G 1995 Cultural tradition and Palaeoethnicity in South Asian Archaeology in George Erdosy b k Indo Aryans of Ancient South Asia ISBN 978 3 11 014447 5 Sindhav Hetalben Dhanabhai 2016 The Indus Valley Civilisation Harappan Civilisation International Journal of Social Impact 1 2 Singh Ajit 2017 Counter intuitive influence of Himalayan river morphodynamics on Indus Civilisation urban settlements Nature Communications 8 1 1617 Bibcode 2017NatCo 8 1617S doi 10 1038 s41467 017 01643 9 PMC 5705636 PMID 29184098 Sinha Rajiv Singh Ajit Tandon Sampat 25 July 2020 Fluvial archives of north and northwestern India as recorders of climatic signatures in the late Quaternary review and assessment Current Science 119 2 S G Talageri The RigVeda A Historical Analysis chapter 4 2018 01 15 thi ewyaebkaemchchin Valdiya K S 2002 Saraswati The River That Disappeared Universities Press India Hyderabad ISBN 978 81 7371 403 0 Valdiya K S 2013 The River Saraswati was a Himalayan born river PDF Current Science 104 1 42 Valdiya K S 2017 Prehistoric River Saraswati Western India Society of Earth Scientists Series Cham Springer International Publishing doi 10 1007 978 3 319 44224 2 ISBN 978 3 319 44223 5 ISSN 2194 9204 S2CID 132865905 Wilke Annette Moebus Oliver 2011 Sound and Communication An Aesthetic Cultural History of Sanskrit Hinduism Walter de Gruyter ISBN 978 3 11 018159 3 Witzel Michael 1984 Sur le chemin du ciel PDF Witzel Michael 2001 Autochthonous Aryans The Evidence from Old Indian and Iranian Texts PDF Electronic Journal of Vedic Studies 7 3 1 93 Witzel Michael 2005 Indocentrism in Bryant Edwin Patton Laurie L b k TheE Indo Aryan Controversy Evidence and inference in Indian history Routledge Witzel Michael 2012 The Origins of the World s Mythologies Oxford University Press khxmulewbxanephimChakrabarti D K amp Saini S 2009 The problem of the Sarasvati River and notes on the archaeological geography of Haryana and Indian Panjab New Delhi Aryan Books International An archaeological tour along the Ghaggar Hakra River by Aurel Steinaehlngkhxmulxunwikimiediykhxmmxnsmisuxthiekiywkhxngkb aemnasrswdi wikikhakhmmikhakhmekiywkb aemnasrswdi Is River Ghaggar Saraswati by Tripathi Bock Rajamani Eir Saraswati the ancient river lost in the desert by A V Sankaran Sarasvati research and Education Trust C P Rajendran 2019 Saraswati The River That Never Was Flowing Always in the People s Hearts The Wire Map પ રદ શ નદ ન તટપ રદ શ બ ઝ ન સરસ વત Regional River Basin Saraswati Basin Narmada Water Resources Water Supply and Kalpsar Department