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วัฒนธรรมตะวันตก หรือคำอื่นที่ใช้แทนกันได้อย่าง อารยธรรมตะวันตก, วัฒนธรรมตะวันตก หรือ สังคมตะวันตก เป็นมรดกทางบรรทัดฐาน, ค่านิยม, จารีตและวิถีประชา, ความเชื่อ, , และเทคโนโลยีของโลกตะวันตก ศัพท์นี้ครอบคลุมกว่าทวีปยุโรปไปยังประเทศและวัฒนธรรมที่ในอดีตมีความเชื่อมโยงกับยุโรปอย่างมากผ่านการอพยพ การล่าอาณานิคม หรืออิทธิพล วัฒนธรรมตะวันตกได้รับอิทธิพลมากที่สุดจากวัฒนธรรมกรีก-โรมัน, และในระดับหนึ่ง
การขยายตัวของวัฒนธรรมกรีกไปยังโลกสมัยเฮลเลนิสต์ในนำไปสู่การสังเคราะห์ระหว่างวัฒนธรรมกรีกกับตะวันออกใกล้ และความก้าวหน้าที่สำคัญในด้านวรรณกรรม วิศวกรรมศาสตร์ และวิทยาศาสตร์ และเป็นผู้จัดเตรียมวัฒนธรรมสำหรับการขยายตัวของศาสนาคริสต์ในยุคแรกกับพันธสัญญาใหม่ในภาษากรีก ยุคสมัยนี้ทับซ้อนและตามหลังด้วยโรมที่มีส่วนสำคัญในด้านกฎหมาย รัฐบาล วิศวกรรม และองค์กรทางการเมือง
ศาสนาคริสต์ โดยหลักคือคริสตจักรโรมันคาทอลิก และภายหลังโปรเตสแตนต์ มีในตั้งแต่อย่างน้อยในคริสต์ศตวรรษที่ 4 และศาสนายูดาห์ด้วย รากฐานที่สำคัญของแนวคิดตะวันตกที่เริ่มต้นในกรีซโบราณและพัฒนาผ่านสมัยกลางและสมัยฟื้นฟูศิลปวิทยาคือแนวคิดในด้านต่าง ๆ ของชีวิตที่พัฒนาด้วย, ลัทธิอัสมาจารย์ และมนุษยนิยม ภายหลังนำไปสู่จุดเริ่มต้นของระเบียบวิธีแบบวิทยาศาสตร์ การปฏิวัติวิทยาศาสตร์ และยุคเรืองปัญญา
หมายเหตุ
อ้างอิง
- Marvin Perry, Myrna Chase, James Jacob, Margaret Jacob, Theodore H. Von Laue (1 January 2012). Western Civilization: Since 1400. Cengage Learning. p. XXIX. ISBN .
{{}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list () - Green, Peter. Alexander to Actium: The Historical Evolution of the Hellenistic Age. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1990.
- (2004). The Forgotten Revolution: How Science Was Born in 300 BC and Why It Had To Be Reborn. Berlin: Springer. ISBN .
- "Hellenistic Age". . สืบค้นเมื่อ 8 September 2012.
- Green, P (2008). Alexander The Great and the Hellenistic Age. p. xiii. ISBN .
- Jonathan Daly (19 December 2013). The Rise of Western Power: A Comparative History of Western Civilization. A&C Black. pp. 7–9. ISBN .
- Spielvogel, Jackson J. (2016). Western Civilization: A Brief History, Volume I: To 1715 (Cengage Learning ed.). p. 156. ISBN .
- Neill, Thomas Patrick (1957). Readings in the History of Western Civilization, Volume 2 (Newman Press ed.). p. 224.
- ; Farrugia, Maria (2003). Catholicism: The Story of Catholic Christianity. Oxford University Press. p. v (preface). ISBN .
- Karl Heussi, Kompendium der Kirchengeschichte, 11. Auflage (1956), Tübingen (Germany), pp. 317–319, 325–326
- The Protestant Heritage 23 กุมภาพันธ์ 2018 ที่ เวย์แบ็กแมชชีน, Britannica
- McNeill, William H. (2010). History of Western Civilization: A Handbook (University of Chicago Press ed.). p. 204. ISBN .
- Faltin, Lucia; Melanie J. Wright (2007). The Religious Roots of Contemporary European Identity (A&C Black ed.). p. 83. ISBN .
- Roman Catholicism 6 พฤษภาคม 2015 ที่ เวย์แบ็กแมชชีน, "Roman Catholicism, Christian church that has been the decisive spiritual force in the history of Western civilization". Encyclopædia Britannica
- Caltron J.H Hayas, Christianity and Western Civilization (1953), Stanford University Press, p. 2: That certain distinctive features of our Western civilization—the civilization of western Europe and of America—have been shaped chiefly by Judaeo–Christianity, Catholic and Protestant.
- Jose Orlandis, 1993, "A Short History of the Catholic Church," 2nd edn. (Michael Adams, Trans.), Dublin:Four Courts Press, ISBN , preface, see [1] 2 มกราคม 2023 ที่ เวย์แบ็กแมชชีน, accessed 8 December 2014. p. (preface)
- and Antonio Canizares, 2012, "How the Catholic Church Built Western Civilization," Reprint edn., Washington, D.C.: Regnery History, ISBN , see accessed 8 December 2014. p. 1: "Western civilization owes far more to Catholic Church than most people—Catholic included—often realize. The Church in fact built Western civilization."[]
- Marvin Perry (1 January 2012). Western Civilization: A Brief History, Volume I: To 1789. Cengage Learning. pp. 33–. ISBN .
- Noble, Thomas F. X. (1 January 2013). Western civilization : beyond boundaries (7th ed.). Boston, MA. p. 107. ISBN . OCLC 858610469.
- Marvin Perry; Myrna Chase; James Jacob; Margaret Jacob; Jonathan W Daly (2015). Western Civilization: Ideas, Politics, and Society, Volume I: To 1789. Cengage Learning. p. 105. ISBN .
- Hengel, Martin (2003). Judaism and Hellenism : studies in their encounter in Palestine during the early Hellenistic period. Eugene, OR: Wipf & Stock Publishers. ISBN . OCLC 52605048.
- Porter, Stanley E. (2013). Early Christianity in its Hellenistic context. Volume 2, Christian origins and Hellenistic Judaism : social and literary contexts for the New Testament. Leiden: Brill. ISBN . OCLC 851653645.
ข้อมูล
- Ankerl, Guy (2000). Global communication without universal civilization. INU societal research. Vol. 1: Coexisting contemporary civilizations: Arabo-Muslim, Bharati, Chinese, and Western. Geneva: INU Press. ISBN .
- Ankerl, Guy (2000). Coexisting Civilizations: Arabo-Muslim, Bharati, Chinese, and Western. INUPRESS, Geneva, 119–244. ISBN .
- Atle Hesmyr (2013). Civilization, Oikos, and Progress ISBN
- Barzun, Jacques : 500 Years of Western Cultural Life 1500 to the Present HarperCollins (2000) ISBN .
- Daly, Jonathan. "The Rise of Western Power: A Comparative History of Western Civilization 30 มิถุนายน 2017 ที่ เวย์แบ็กแมชชีน" (London and New York: Bloomsbury, 2014). ISBN .
- Daly, Jonathan. "Historians Debate the Rise of the West" (London and New York: Routledge, 2015). ISBN .
- Derry, T. K. and Williams, Trevor I. A Short History of Technology: From the Earliest Times to A.D. 1900 Dover (1960) ISBN .
- Duran, Eduardo, Bonnie Dyran Native American Postcolonial Psychology 1995 Albany: State University of New York Press ISBN
- ; Heath, John (2001). Who Killed Homer: The Demise of Classical Education and the Recovery of Greek Wisdom, Encounter Books.
- Jones, Prudence and Pennick, Nigel A History of Pagan Europe Barnes & Noble (1995) ISBN .
- Meaney, Thomas "The Return of 'The West'" New York Times March 11, 2022.
- Merriman, John Modern Europe: From the Renaissance to the Present W. W. Norton (1996) ISBN .
- McClellan, James E. III and Dorn, Harold Science and Technology in World History Johns Hopkins University Press (1999) ISBN .
- Stein, Ralph The Great Inventions Playboy Press (1976) ISBN .
- Asimov, Isaac Asimov's Biographical Encyclopedia of Science and Technology: The Lives & Achievements of 1510 Great Scientists from Ancient Times to the Present Revised second edition, Doubleday (1982) ISBN .
- , History of the Popes from the Close of the Middle Ages; Drawn from the and other original sources, 40 vols. St. Louis, B. Herder (1898ff.)
- , The Popes and Science; the History of the Papal Relations to Science During the Middle Ages and Down to Our Own Time, Fordam University Press, 1908, reprinted 2003, Kessinger Publishing. ISBN Reviews: p. 462.[2]
- Stearns, P.N. (2003). Western Civilization in World History, Routledge, New York.
- (2002). Greek Ways: How the Greeks Created Western Civilization, Encounter Books.
- , Civilization. The West and the rest, Penguin Press, 2011. ISBN
- , , Penguin Books, 2018. ISBN
- , : How the West Became Psychologically Peculiar and Particularly Prosperous, , 2020. ISBN
- , The Victory of Reason: How Christianity Led to Freedom, Capitalism, and Western Success, , 2006. ISBN
- , How the West Won: The Neglected Story of the Triumph of Modernity, , 2014. ISBN
- Headley, John M. The Europeanization of the World: On the Origins of Human Rights and Democracy, , 2007. ISBN
อ่านเพิ่ม
- Barzun, Jacques. From Dawn to Decadence: 500 Years of Western Cultural Life : 1500 to the Present. New York: HarperCollins, 2001.
- Hesmyr, Atle Kultorp: Civilization; Its Economic Basis, Historical Lessons and Future Prospects (Telemark: Nisus Publications, 2020).
แหล่งข้อมูลอื่น
- An overview of the Western Civilization 2021-10-24 ที่ เวย์แบ็กแมชชีน
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yukhsmynithbsxnaelatamhlngdwyormthimiswnsakhyindankdhmay rthbal wiswkrrm aelaxngkhkrthangkaremuxng sasnakhrist odyhlkkhuxkhristckrormnkhathxlik aelaphayhlngopretsaetnt miintngaetxyangnxyinkhriststwrrsthi 4 aelasasnayudahdwy rakthanthisakhykhxngaenwkhidtawntkthierimtninkrisobranaelaphthnaphansmyklangaelasmyfunfusilpwithyakhuxaenwkhidindantang khxngchiwitthiphthnadwy lththixsmacary aelamnusyniym phayhlngnaipsucuderimtnkhxngraebiybwithiaebbwithyasastr karptiwtiwithyasastr aelayukheruxngpyyahmayehtuxangxingMarvin Perry Myrna Chase James Jacob Margaret Jacob Theodore H Von Laue 1 January 2012 Western Civilization Since 1400 Cengage Learning p XXIX ISBN 978 1 111 83169 1 a href wiki E0 B9 81 E0 B8 A1 E0 B9 88 E0 B9 81 E0 B8 9A E0 B8 9A Cite book title aemaebb Cite book cite book a CS1 maint multiple names authors list lingk Green Peter Alexander to Actium The Historical Evolution of the Hellenistic Age Berkeley University of California Press 1990 2004 The Forgotten Revolution How Science Was Born in 300 BC and Why It Had To Be Reborn Berlin Springer ISBN 3 540 20396 6 Hellenistic Age subkhnemux 8 September 2012 Green P 2008 Alexander The Great and the Hellenistic Age p xiii ISBN 978 0 7538 2413 9 Jonathan Daly 19 December 2013 The Rise of Western Power A Comparative History of Western Civilization A amp C Black pp 7 9 ISBN 978 1 4411 1851 6 Spielvogel Jackson J 2016 Western Civilization A Brief History Volume I To 1715 Cengage Learning ed p 156 ISBN 978 1 305 63347 6 Neill Thomas Patrick 1957 Readings in the History of Western Civilization Volume 2 Newman Press ed p 224 Farrugia Maria 2003 Catholicism The Story of Catholic Christianity Oxford University Press p v preface ISBN 978 0 19 925995 3 Karl Heussi Kompendium der Kirchengeschichte 11 Auflage 1956 Tubingen Germany pp 317 319 325 326 The Protestant Heritage 23 kumphaphnth 2018 thi ewyaebkaemchchin Britannica McNeill William H 2010 History of Western Civilization A Handbook University of Chicago Press ed p 204 ISBN 978 0 226 56162 2 Faltin Lucia Melanie J Wright 2007 The Religious Roots of Contemporary European Identity A amp C Black ed p 83 ISBN 978 0 8264 9482 5 Roman Catholicism 6 phvsphakhm 2015 thi ewyaebkaemchchin Roman Catholicism Christian church that has been the decisive spiritual force in the history of Western civilization Encyclopaedia Britannica Caltron J H Hayas Christianity and Western Civilization 1953 Stanford University Press p 2 That certain distinctive features of our Western civilization the civilization of western Europe and of America have been shaped chiefly by Judaeo Christianity Catholic and Protestant Jose Orlandis 1993 A Short History of the Catholic Church 2nd edn Michael Adams Trans Dublin Four Courts Press ISBN 1851821252 preface see 1 2 mkrakhm 2023 thi ewyaebkaemchchin accessed 8 December 2014 p preface and Antonio Canizares 2012 How the Catholic Church Built Western Civilization Reprint edn Washington D C Regnery History ISBN 1596983280 see accessed 8 December 2014 p 1 Western civilization owes far more to Catholic Church than most people Catholic included often realize The Church in fact built Western civilization lingkesiy Marvin Perry 1 January 2012 Western Civilization A Brief History Volume I To 1789 Cengage Learning pp 33 ISBN 978 1 111 83720 4 Noble Thomas F X 1 January 2013 Western civilization beyond boundaries 7th ed Boston MA p 107 ISBN 978 1 133 60271 2 OCLC 858610469 Marvin Perry Myrna Chase James Jacob Margaret Jacob Jonathan W Daly 2015 Western Civilization Ideas Politics and Society Volume I To 1789 Cengage Learning p 105 ISBN 978 1 305 44548 2 Hengel Martin 2003 Judaism and Hellenism studies in their encounter in Palestine during the early Hellenistic period Eugene OR Wipf amp Stock Publishers ISBN 978 1 59244 186 0 OCLC 52605048 Porter Stanley E 2013 Early Christianity in its Hellenistic context Volume 2 Christian origins and Hellenistic Judaism social and literary contexts for the New Testament Leiden Brill ISBN 978 9004234765 OCLC 851653645 khxmul Ankerl Guy 2000 Global communication without universal civilization INU societal research Vol 1 Coexisting contemporary civilizations Arabo Muslim Bharati Chinese and Western Geneva INU Press ISBN 978 2 88155 004 1 Ankerl Guy 2000 Coexisting Civilizations Arabo Muslim Bharati Chinese and Western INUPRESS Geneva 119 244 ISBN 2 88155 004 5 Atle Hesmyr 2013 Civilization Oikos and Progress ISBN 978 1468924190 Barzun Jacques 500 Years of Western Cultural Life 1500 to the Present HarperCollins 2000 ISBN 0 06 017586 9 Daly Jonathan The Rise of Western Power A Comparative History of Western Civilization 30 mithunayn 2017 thi ewyaebkaemchchin London and New York Bloomsbury 2014 ISBN 978 1441161314 Daly Jonathan Historians Debate the Rise of the West London and New York Routledge 2015 ISBN 978 1138774810 Derry T K and Williams Trevor I A Short History of Technology From the Earliest Times to A D 1900 Dover 1960 ISBN 0 486 27472 1 Duran Eduardo Bonnie Dyran Native American Postcolonial Psychology 1995 Albany State University of New York Press ISBN 0 7914 2353 0 Heath John 2001 Who Killed Homer The Demise of Classical Education and the Recovery of Greek Wisdom Encounter Books Jones Prudence and Pennick Nigel A History of Pagan Europe Barnes amp Noble 1995 ISBN 0 7607 1210 7 Meaney Thomas The Return of The West New York Times March 11 2022 Merriman John Modern Europe From the Renaissance to the Present W W Norton 1996 ISBN 0 393 96885 5 McClellan James E III and Dorn Harold Science and Technology in World History Johns Hopkins University Press 1999 ISBN 0 8018 5869 0 Stein Ralph The Great Inventions Playboy Press 1976 ISBN 0 87223 444 4 Asimov Isaac Asimov s Biographical Encyclopedia of Science and Technology The Lives amp Achievements of 1510 Great Scientists from Ancient Times to the Present Revised second edition Doubleday 1982 ISBN 0 385 17771 2 History of the Popes from the Close of the Middle Ages Drawn from the and other original sources 40 vols St Louis B Herder 1898ff The Popes and Science the History of the Papal Relations to Science During the Middle Ages and Down to Our Own Time Fordam University Press 1908 reprinted 2003 Kessinger Publishing ISBN 0 7661 3646 9 Reviews p 462 2 Stearns P N 2003 Western Civilization in World History Routledge New York 2002 Greek Ways How the Greeks Created Western Civilization Encounter Books Civilization The West and the rest Penguin Press 2011 ISBN 978 1 101 54802 8 Penguin Books 2018 ISBN 978 0 525 42757 5 How the West Became Psychologically Peculiar and Particularly Prosperous 2020 ISBN 978 0374173227 The Victory of Reason How Christianity Led to Freedom Capitalism and Western Success 2006 ISBN 978 0812972337 How the West Won The Neglected Story of the Triumph of Modernity 2014 ISBN 978 1497603257 Headley John M The Europeanization of the World On the Origins of Human Rights and Democracy 2007 ISBN 9780691171487xanephimBarzun Jacques From Dawn to Decadence 500 Years of Western Cultural Life 1500 to the Present New York HarperCollins 2001 Hesmyr Atle Kultorp Civilization Its Economic Basis Historical Lessons and Future Prospects Telemark Nisus Publications 2020 aehlngkhxmulxunwikimiediykhxmmxnsmisuxthiekiywkhxngkb wthnthrrmtawntk An overview of the Western Civilization 2021 10 24 thi ewyaebkaemchchinbthkhwammnusy manusywithya aelaeruxngthiekiywkhxngniyngepnokhrng khunsamarthchwywikiphiediyidodykarephimetimkhxmuldk