อักษรอี๋ (Yi Syllabary) ต้นกำเนิดของอักษรอี๋ไม่แน่นอน แต่อาจเป็นไปได้ว่าได้รับอิทธิพลจากอักษรจีน อักษรอี๋ที่เก่าที่สุดมีอายุราว พ.ศ. 2100 ใช้ในทางศาสนาและบันทึกลับ เป็นเวลาหลายศตวรรษ ผู้เขียนส่วนใหญ่เพิ่มอักษรใหม่เข้าไปเรื่อยๆ ในระยะหนึ่งอักษรนี้มีสัญลักษณ์ถึง 8,000 ตัว รูปแบบที่จัดมาตรฐานแล้วโดยรัฐบาลเมื่อ พ.ศ. 2518 เริ่มมีการสอนในโรงเรียนเมื่อ พ.ศ. 2519 ประมาณ พ.ศ. 2500 มีการนำอักษรโรมันมาเขียนภาษาอี๋ เรียก อักษรอี๋ดำ ใช้เฉพาะในหมู่ชาวคริสต์ ชาวอี๋ส่วนใหญ่ยังใช้อักษรอี๋
ลักษณะ
สัญลักษณ์แต่ละตัวใช้แทนพยางค์ โดยแต่ละตัวมี 3 แบบ แทนเสียงวรรณยุกต์ 3 เสียง มี สัญลักษณ์ 819 ตัว สัญลักษณ์เหล่านี้ใช้กับคำภาษาอี๋ 756 ตัว ใช้สำหรับคำยืมจากภาษาจีนและภาษาอื่น 63 ตัว จัดเป็นอักษรพยางค์ที่ใหญ่ที่สุดก่อนการจัดมาตรฐาน
ต่อไปนี้เป็นตารางแสดงอักษรอี๋สมัยใหม่ที่ปรับมาตรฐานแล้ว
- | b | p | bb | nb | hm | m | f | v | d | t | dd | nd | hn | n | hl | l | g | k | gg | mg | hx | ng | h | w | z | c | zz | nz | s | ss | zh | ch | rr | nr | sh | r | j | q | jj | nj | ny | x | y | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
[p] | [pʰ] | [b] | [m͡b] | [m̥] | [m] | [f] | [v] | [t] | [tʰ] | [d] | [n͡d] | [n̥] | [n] | [ɬ] | [l] | [k] | [kʰ] | [ɡ] | [ŋ͡ɡ] | [h] | [ŋ] | [x] | [ɣ] | [t͡s] | [t͡sʰ] | [d͡z] | [nd͡z] | [s] | [z] | [t͡ʂ] | [t͡ʂʰ] | [d͡ʐ] | [nd͡ʐ] | [ʂ] | [ʐ] | [t͡ɕ] | [t͡ɕʰ] | [d͡ʑ] | [nd͡ʑ] | [ȵ] | [ɕ] | [ʑ] | |||
it | [i̋] | ꀀ | ꀖ | ꀸ | ꁖ | ꁶ | ꂑ | ꂮ | ꃍ | ꃢ | ꄀ | ꄚ | ꄶ | ꅑ | ꅨ | ꅽ | ꆗ | ꆷ | ꇚ | ꇸ | ꈔ | ꉆ | ꉮ | ꊍ | ꊮ | ꋐ | ꋭ | ꌉ | ꌪ | ꏠ | ꏼ | ꐘ | ꐱ | ꑊ | ꑝ | ꑱ | |||||||||
ix | [ǐ] | ꀁ | ꀗ | ꀹ | ꁗ | ꁷ | ꂒ | ꂯ | ꃎ | ꃣ | ꄁ | ꄛ | ꄷ | ꅒ | ꅩ | ꅾ | ꆘ | ꆸ | ꇛ | ꇹ | ꈕ | ꉇ | ꊎ | ꊯ | ꋑ | ꋮ | ꌊ | ꌫ | ꏡ | ꏽ | ꐙ | ꐲ | ꑋ | ꑞ | ꑲ | ||||||||||
i | [ī] | ꀂ | ꀘ | ꀺ | ꁘ | ꁸ | ꂓ | ꂰ | ꃏ | ꃤ | ꄂ | ꄜ | ꄸ | ꅓ | ꅪ | ꅿ | ꆙ | ꆹ | ꇜ | ꇺ | ꈖ | ꉈ | ꊏ | ꊰ | ꋒ | ꋯ | ꌋ | ꌬ | ꏢ | ꏾ | ꐚ | ꐳ | ꑌ | ꑟ | ꑳ | ||||||||||
ip | [î] | ꀃ | ꀙ | ꀻ | ꁙ | ꁹ | ꂔ | ꂱ | ꃐ | ꃥ | ꄃ | ꄝ | ꄹ | ꅔ | ꅫ | ꆀ | ꆚ | ꆺ | ꇝ | ꇻ | ꉉ | ꊐ | ꊱ | ꋓ | ꋰ | ꌌ | ꌭ | ꏣ | ꏿ | ꐛ | ꐴ | ꑍ | ꑠ | ꑴ | |||||||||||
iet | [ɛ̋] | ꀄ | ꀚ | ꁚ | ꃦ | ꅬ | ꆻ | ꇞ | ꉊ | ꊲ | ꋔ | ꏤ | ꐀ | ꐜ | ꐵ | ꑎ | ꑡ | ꑵ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
iex | [ɛ̌] | ꀅ | ꀛ | ꀼ | ꁛ | ꁺ | ꂕ | ꂲ | ꃧ | ꄄ | ꄞ | ꄺ | ꅕ | ꅭ | ꆁ | ꆛ | ꆼ | ꇟ | ꇼ | ꈗ | ꈰ | ꉋ | ꉝ | ꉯ | ꊑ | ꊳ | ꋕ | ꋱ | ꌍ | ꌮ | ꏥ | ꐁ | ꐝ | ꐶ | ꑏ | ꑢ | ꑶ | ||||||||
ie | [ɛ̄] | ꀆ | ꀜ | ꀽ | ꁜ | ꁻ | ꂖ | ꂳ | ꃨ | ꄅ | ꄟ | ꄻ | ꅖ | ꅮ | ꆂ | ꆜ | ꆽ | ꇠ | ꇽ | ꈘ | ꈱ | ꉌ | ꉞ | ꉰ | ꊒ | ꊴ | ꋖ | ꋲ | ꌎ | ꌯ | ꏦ | ꐂ | ꐞ | ꐷ | ꑐ | ꑣ | ꑷ | ||||||||
iep | [ɛ̂] | ꀇ | ꀝ | ꀾ | ꁝ | ꁼ | ꂗ | ꂴ | ꃩ | ꄆ | ꄠ | ꄼ | ꅯ | ꆃ | ꆝ | ꆾ | ꇡ | ꇾ | ꈙ | ꉍ | ꉟ | ꊓ | ꊵ | ꋗ | ꋳ | ꌏ | ꌰ | ꏧ | ꐃ | ꐟ | ꐸ | ꑑ | ꑤ | ꑸ | |||||||||||
at | [a̋] | ꀈ | ꀞ | ꀿ | ꁞ | ꁽ | ꂘ | ꂵ | ꃑ | ꃪ | ꄇ | ꄡ | ꄽ | ꅗ | ꅰ | ꆞ | ꆿ | ꇢ | ꇿ | ꈚ | ꈲ | ꉎ | ꉠ | ꉱ | ꊀ | ꊔ | ꊶ | ꋘ | ꋴ | ꌐ | ꌱ | ꍆ | ꍡ | ꎔ | ꎫ | ꏆ | |||||||||
ax | [ǎ] | ꀉ | ꀟ | ꁀ | ꁟ | ꁾ | ꂙ | ꂶ | ꃒ | ꃫ | ꄈ | ꄢ | ꄾ | ꅘ | ꅱ | ꆄ | ꆟ | ꇀ | ꇣ | ꈀ | ꈛ | ꈳ | ꉏ | ꉡ | ꉲ | ꊁ | ꊕ | ꊷ | ꋙ | ꋵ | ꌑ | ꌲ | ꍇ | ꍢ | ꍼ | ꎕ | ꎬ | ꏇ | |||||||
a | [ā] | ꀊ | ꀠ | ꁁ | ꁠ | ꁿ | ꂚ | ꂷ | ꃓ | ꃬ | ꄉ | ꄣ | ꄿ | ꅙ | ꅲ | ꆅ | ꆠ | ꇁ | ꇤ | ꈁ | ꈜ | ꈴ | ꉐ | ꉢ | ꉳ | ꊂ | ꊖ | ꊸ | ꋚ | ꋶ | ꌒ | ꌳ | ꍈ | ꍣ | ꍽ | ꎖ | ꎭ | ꏈ | |||||||
ap | [â] | ꀋ | ꀡ | ꁂ | ꁡ | ꂀ | ꂛ | ꂸ | ꃔ | ꃭ | ꄊ | ꄤ | ꅀ | ꅚ | ꅳ | ꆆ | ꆡ | ꇂ | ꇥ | ꈂ | ꈝ | ꈵ | ꉑ | ꉣ | ꉴ | ꊃ | ꊗ | ꊹ | ꋛ | ꋷ | ꌓ | ꌴ | ꍉ | ꍤ | ꎗ | ꎮ | ꏉ | ||||||||
uot | [ɔ̋] | ꂹ | ꄥ | ꇃ | ꇦ | ꈞ | ꉒ | ꉤ | ꉵ | ꍥ | ꏨ | ꐄ | ꑹ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
uox | [ɔ̌] | ꀌ | ꀢ | ꁃ | ꁢ | ꂜ | ꂺ | ꄋ | ꄦ | ꅁ | ꅴ | ꆇ | ꆢ | ꇄ | ꇧ | ꈃ | ꈟ | ꈶ | ꉓ | ꉥ | ꉶ | ꊄ | ꊘ | ꊺ | ꋸ | ꌔ | ꍊ | ꍦ | ꍾ | ꎯ | ꏊ | ꏩ | ꐅ | ꐠ | ꐹ | ꑒ | ꑥ | ꑺ | |||||||
uo | [ɔ̄] | ꀍ | ꀣ | ꁄ | ꁣ | ꂝ | ꂻ | ꄌ | ꄧ | ꅂ | ꅵ | ꆈ | ꆣ | ꇅ | ꇨ | ꈄ | ꈠ | ꈷ | ꉔ | ꉦ | ꉷ | ꊅ | ꊙ | ꊻ | ꋹ | ꌕ | ꍋ | ꍧ | ꍿ | ꎰ | ꏋ | ꏪ | ꐆ | ꐡ | ꐺ | ꑓ | ꑦ | ꑻ | |||||||
uop | [ɔ̂] | ꀎ | ꀤ | ꁅ | ꁤ | ꂞ | ꂼ | ꄨ | ꅃ | ꆉ | ꆤ | ꇆ | ꇩ | ꈅ | ꈡ | ꈸ | ꉕ | ꉸ | ꊆ | ꊚ | ꊼ | ꌖ | ꍌ | ꍨ | ꎱ | ꏌ | ꏫ | ꐇ | ꐢ | ꑔ | ꑼ | ||||||||||||||
ot | [ő] | ꀏ | ꀥ | ꁆ | ꁥ | ꂁ | ꂟ | ꂽ | ꃮ | ꄍ | ꄩ | ꅄ | ꅛ | ꅶ | ꆊ | ꇇ | ꇪ | ꈆ | ꈢ | ꈹ | ꉖ | ꉧ | ꉹ | ꊛ | ꊽ | ꌗ | ꌵ | ꍍ | ꍩ | ꎀ | ꎲ | ꏍ | ꏬ | ꐈ | ꐣ | ꐻ | ꑕ | ꑧ | ꑽ | ||||||
ox | [ǒ] | ꀐ | ꀦ | ꁇ | ꁦ | ꂂ | ꂠ | ꂾ | ꃕ | ꃯ | ꄎ | ꄪ | ꅅ | ꅜ | ꅷ | ꆋ | ꆥ | ꇈ | ꇫ | ꈇ | ꈣ | ꈺ | ꉗ | ꉨ | ꉺ | ꊇ | ꊜ | ꊾ | ꋜ | ꋺ | ꌘ | ꌶ | ꍎ | ꍪ | ꎁ | ꎘ | ꎳ | ꏎ | ꏭ | ꐉ | ꐤ | ꐼ | ꑖ | ꑨ | ꑾ |
o | [ō] | ꀑ | ꀧ | ꁈ | ꁧ | ꂃ | ꂡ | ꂿ | ꃖ | ꃰ | ꄏ | ꄫ | ꅆ | ꅝ | ꆌ | ꆦ | ꇉ | ꇬ | ꈈ | ꈤ | ꈻ | ꉘ | ꉩ | ꉻ | ꊈ | ꊝ | ꊿ | ꋝ | ꌙ | ꌷ | ꍏ | ꍫ | ꎂ | ꎙ | ꎴ | ꏏ | ꏮ | ꐊ | ꐥ | ꐽ | ꑗ | ꑩ | ꑿ | ||
op | [ô] | ꀒ | ꀨ | ꁉ | ꁨ | ꂄ | ꂢ | ꃀ | ꃗ | ꃱ | ꄐ | ꄬ | ꅇ | ꅞ | ꅸ | ꆍ | ꆧ | ꇊ | ꇭ | ꈉ | ꈥ | ꈼ | ꉙ | ꉪ | ꉼ | ꊉ | ꊞ | ꋀ | ꋞ | ꋻ | ꌚ | ꌸ | ꍐ | ꍬ | ꎃ | ꎚ | ꎵ | ꏐ | ꏯ | ꐋ | ꐦ | ꐾ | ꑘ | ꑪ | ꒀ |
et | [ɯ̋] | ꇮ | ꈊ | ꈦ | ꍑ | ꍭ | ꎄ | ꎛ | ꎶ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
ex | [ɯ̌] | ꀓ | ꀩ | ꁩ | ꃁ | ꃲ | ꄑ | ꄭ | ꅈ | ꅟ | ꅹ | ꆎ | ꆨ | ꇋ | ꇯ | ꈋ | ꈧ | ꈽ | ꉚ | ꉫ | ꉽ | ꊊ | ꊟ | ꋁ | ꋟ | ꋼ | ꌛ | ꌹ | ꍒ | ꍮ | ꎅ | ꎜ | ꎷ | ꏑ | |||||||||||
e | [ɯ̄] | ꀔ | ꀪ | ꁪ | ꃂ | ꄒ | ꄮ | ꅉ | ꅠ | ꅺ | ꆏ | ꆩ | ꇌ | ꇰ | ꈌ | ꈨ | ꈾ | ꉛ | ꉬ | ꉾ | ꊋ | ꊠ | ꋂ | ꋠ | ꋽ | ꌜ | ꌺ | ꍓ | ꍯ | ꎆ | ꎝ | ꎸ | ꏒ | ||||||||||||
ep | [ɯ̂] | ꀫ | ꁫ | ꃳ | ꄓ | ꄯ | ꅊ | ꅡ | ꅻ | ꆐ | ꆪ | ꇍ | ꇱ | ꈍ | ꈩ | ꈿ | ꉜ | ꉭ | ꉿ | ꊌ | ꊡ | ꋃ | ꋡ | ꌝ | ꌻ | ꍔ | ꍰ | ꎇ | ꎞ | ꎹ | ꏓ | ||||||||||||||
ut | [ű] | ꀬ | ꁊ | ꁬ | ꂅ | ꂣ | ꃃ | ꃘ | ꃴ | ꄔ | ꄰ | ꅋ | ꅢ | ꅼ | ꆑ | ꆫ | ꇎ | ꇲ | ꈎ | ꈪ | ꉀ | ꊢ | ꋄ | ꌞ | ꌼ | ꍕ | ꎈ | ꎟ | ꎺ | ꏔ | ꏰ | ꐌ | ꐧ | ꑙ | ꒁ | ||||||||||
ux | [ǔ] | ꀭ | ꁋ | ꁭ | ꂆ | ꂤ | ꃄ | ꃙ | ꃵ | ꄕ | ꄱ | ꅌ | ꅣ | ꆒ | ꆬ | ꇏ | ꇳ | ꈏ | ꈫ | ꉁ | ꊣ | ꋅ | ꋢ | ꋾ | ꌟ | ꌽ | ꍖ | ꍱ | ꎉ | ꎠ | ꎻ | ꏕ | ꏱ | ꐍ | ꐨ | ꐿ | ꑚ | ꒂ | |||||||
u | [ū] | ꀮ | ꁌ | ꁮ | ꂇ | ꂥ | ꃅ | ꃚ | ꃶ | ꄖ | ꄲ | ꅍ | ꅤ | ꆓ | ꆭ | ꇐ | ꇴ | ꈐ | ꈬ | ꉂ | ꊤ | ꋆ | ꋣ | ꋿ | ꌠ | ꌾ | ꍗ | ꍲ | ꎊ | ꎡ | ꎼ | ꏖ | ꏲ | ꐎ | ꐩ | ꑀ | ꑛ | ꒃ | |||||||
up | [û] | ꀯ | ꁍ | ꁯ | ꂈ | ꂦ | ꃆ | ꃛ | ꃷ | ꄗ | ꄳ | ꅎ | ꅥ | ꆔ | ꆮ | ꇑ | ꇵ | ꈑ | ꈭ | ꉃ | ꊥ | ꋇ | ꋤ | ꌀ | ꌡ | ꌿ | ꍘ | ꍳ | ꎋ | ꎢ | ꎽ | ꏗ | ꏳ | ꐏ | ꐪ | ꑁ | ꑜ | ꒄ | |||||||
urx | [ǔ̱] | ꀰ | ꁎ | ꁰ | ꂉ | ꂧ | ꃇ | ꃜ | ꃸ | ꄘ | ꄴ | ꅏ | ꅦ | ꆕ | ꆯ | ꇒ | ꇶ | ꈒ | ꈮ | ꉄ | ꊦ | ꋈ | ꋥ | ꌁ | ꌢ | ꍙ | ꍴ | ꎌ | ꎣ | ꎾ | ꏘ | ꏴ | ꐐ | ꐫ | ꑂ | ꒅ | |||||||||
ur | [ū̱] | ꀱ | ꁏ | ꁱ | ꂊ | ꂨ | ꃈ | ꃝ | ꃹ | ꄙ | ꄵ | ꅐ | ꅧ | ꆖ | ꆰ | ꇓ | ꇷ | ꈓ | ꈯ | ꉅ | ꊧ | ꋉ | ꋦ | ꌂ | ꌣ | ꍚ | ꍵ | ꎍ | ꎤ | ꎿ | ꏙ | ꏵ | ꐑ | ꐬ | ꑃ | ꒆ | |||||||||
yt | [ɿ̋] | ꀲ | ꁐ | ꁲ | ꂋ | ꃉ | ꃞ | ꃺ | ꆱ | ꇔ | ꊨ | ꋊ | ꋧ | ꌃ | ꌤ | ꍀ | ꍛ | ꍶ | ꎎ | ꎥ | ꏀ | ꏚ | ꏶ | ꐒ | ꐭ | ꑄ | ꑫ | ꒇ | |||||||||||||||||
yx | [ɿ̌] | ꀳ | ꁑ | ꁳ | ꂌ | ꂩ | ꃊ | ꃟ | ꃻ | ꆲ | ꇕ | ꊩ | ꋋ | ꋨ | ꌄ | ꌥ | ꍁ | ꍜ | ꍷ | ꎏ | ꎦ | ꏁ | ꏛ | ꏷ | ꐓ | ꐮ | ꑅ | ꑬ | ꒈ | ||||||||||||||||
y | [ɿ̄] | ꀴ | ꁒ | ꁴ | ꂍ | ꂪ | ꃋ | ꃠ | ꃼ | ꆳ | ꇖ | ꊪ | ꋌ | ꋩ | ꌅ | ꌦ | ꍂ | ꍝ | ꍸ | ꎐ | ꎧ | ꏂ | ꏜ | ꏸ | ꐔ | ꐯ | ꑆ | ꑭ | ꒉ | ||||||||||||||||
yp | [ɿ̂] | ꀵ | ꁓ | ꁵ | ꂎ | ꂫ | ꃌ | ꃡ | ꃽ | ꆴ | ꇗ | ꊫ | ꋍ | ꋪ | ꌆ | ꌧ | ꍃ | ꍞ | ꍹ | ꎑ | ꎨ | ꏃ | ꏝ | ꏹ | ꐕ | ꐰ | ꑇ | ꑮ | ꒊ | ||||||||||||||||
yrx | [ɿ̱̌] | ꀶ | ꁔ | ꂏ | ꂬ | ꃾ | ꆵ | ꇘ | ꊬ | ꋎ | ꋫ | ꌇ | ꌨ | ꍄ | ꍟ | ꍺ | ꎒ | ꎩ | ꏄ | ꏞ | ꏺ | ꐖ | ꑈ | ꑯ | ꒋ | ||||||||||||||||||||
yr | [ɿ̱̄] | ꀷ | ꁕ | ꂐ | ꂭ | ꃿ | ꆶ | ꇙ | ꊭ | ꋏ | ꋬ | ꌈ | ꌩ | ꍅ | ꍠ | ꍻ | ꎓ | ꎪ | ꏅ | ꏟ | ꏻ | ꐗ | ꑉ | ꑰ | ꒌ | ||||||||||||||||||||
[p] | [pʰ] | [b] | [m͡b] | [m̥] | [m] | [f] | [v] | [t] | [tʰ] | [d] | [n͡d] | [n̥] | [n] | [ɬ] | [l] | [k] | [kʰ] | [ɡ] | [ŋ͡ɡ] | [h] | [ŋ] | [x] | [ɣ] | [t͡s] | [t͡sʰ] | [d͡z] | [nd͡z] | [s] | [z] | [t͡ʂ] | [t͡ʂʰ] | [d͡ʐ] | [nd͡ʐ] | [ʂ] | [ʐ] | [t͡ɕ] | [t͡ɕʰ] | [d͡ʑ] | [nd͡ʑ] | [ȵ] | [ɕ] | [ʑ] | |||
- | b | p | bb | nb | hm | m | f | v | d | t | dd | nd | hn | n | hl | l | g | k | gg | mg | hx | ng | h | w | z | c | zz | nz | s | ss | zh | ch | rr | nr | sh | r | j | q | jj | nj | ny | x | y |
ใช้เขียน
อ้างอิง
- อักษรอี๋ (อังกฤษ)
- ข้อความ อักษรอี๋ ทั้งหมดมาพร้อมกับเสียง (อังกฤษ)
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